“失意”的美国前驻华大使警告称：别让北京摆布我们 [美国媒体]

Don’t letBeijing push us around, warns ‘frustrated’ former ambassador to China

“失意”的美国前驻华大使警告称：别让北京摆布我们

By Simon Denyer February26 at 5:04 PM
原文：华盛顿邮报  作者：西蒙·德尼尔  发布：2017-02-2617:04



Formersenator Max Baucus spent almost three years as the U.S. ambassador to China.(Mary F. Calvert/Reuters)

前参议院麦克斯·鲍卡斯任美国驻华大使一职将近三年时间（图源：玛丽·F·卡尔弗特/路透社）

BEIJING— The United States needs to stop getting pushed around by China andwork out a long-term strategy to deal with the country’s rise, former U.S.ambassador Max Baucus said last week.

[北京报道]—美国必须停止受中国的摆布，并制定一个长期策略以应对该国崛起，前任美国大使麦克斯·鲍卡斯上周如是说。

In an interview morethan five weeks after leaving Beijing, Baucus expressed frustration with theObama administration’s lack of strategic vision and its weakness when it cameto China. But he also accused President Trump of blundering around without evena basic understanding of the country.

在离开北京五周以后的一次采访中，鲍卡斯对奥巴马政府管理缺乏战略视野以及对中国示弱表示失望。但他同时也指责特朗普总统做事浮躁，甚至对中国缺乏基本了解。

China, Baucus said,has a long-term strategic vision to build up its economic might and globalinfluence. The United States, by contrast, often appears distracted by problemsin the Middle East.

鲍卡斯说，中国拥有构建自己的经济实力和全球影响力的长期战略视野，而美国正与此相反，它经常在中东问题上分心。

“The Washingtonforeign-policy establishment tends to put China on another shelf, to deal withit later. We’re much too ad hoc. We don’t seem to have a long-term strategy,and that’s very much to our disadvantage.” Baucus spoke by Skype from his homein Montana on Thursday.

“华盛顿的外交政策制定倾向于把中国放在另一层面上，意图稍晚再去解决。们太过‘专注’了，我们似乎缺乏一个长期策略，这将对我们十分不利。”周四，鲍卡斯在位于蒙大拿的家中通过Skype做出上述发言。

Being ambassador toChina, he said, was “the best job I ever had,” even if his tenure there wasabruptly ended by Trump’s election victory.

他还说，驻华大使是他“有生以来做过的最好工作”，虽然由于特朗普选举胜利，他不得不突然结束任期。

Baucus, who also spentmore than three decades as a Senate Democrat, is proud to have visited all ofChina’s mainland provinces during his time there. He said he worked hard toprevent the two nations from falling into what has been called the Thucydides trap, a theory that an establishedpower feels threatened by a rising power, leading to a rivalry that oftendescends into war.

鲍卡斯，这个曾经当了三十多年的参议院民主党人表示，他对自己在任期内参观过中国大陆所有省份而感到自豪。他说他曾付出过极大努力，以避免两国陷入所谓“修昔底德陷阱”，即既有强权会对新兴强权感到威胁，因此导致对抗，甚至经常恶化为战争。

But making therelationship work takes serious thought in Washington, he said, something thatBaucus said did not always happen during his time in the job.

鲍卡斯说，但是建立密切联系在华盛顿那边会被慎重考虑，自己之前说的那些事情在他任职期间并不经常发生。

“It was veryfrustrating,” he said. “The White House would make a decision, and we’d rollour eyeballs, and say: ‘This isn’t going to work, partly because we’re backingoff, we’re being weak. What’s the strategy going forward?’ ”

“这非常令人沮丧。”他说，“白宫做出决定，而我们只能转转眼球，说：‘这不可能奏效，部分是因为我们退缩了、我们虚弱了。未来的战略到底是什么？’”

Among his complaints:that the Obama administration had not done enough to get the Trans-PacificPartnership ratified by Congress, despite the hard work that U.S. TradeRepresentative Michael Froman put into the 12-nation Asia-Pacific trade pact.

他的抱怨还包括：奥巴马政府没能推动跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（TPP）通过国会，尽管美国贸易代表迈克尔·弗罗曼对12国亚太贸易协定付出了巨大努力。

“The administrationdidn’t have the same zeal, the single-minded, mongoose-tenacity to get thething passed that Mike Froman and several others in the bus had,” he said. “Thepresident didn’t get involved nearly as much as I thought he could andshould.”  

“政府缺乏跟迈克·弗罗曼等人一样的热情、专一和不屈不挠，以使TPP通过。”他说，“总统并没有像我想象的那样参与进来。”

The United States,Baucus said, did stand up to China over accusations that state-sponsoredcyberspies were stealing U.S. trade secrets, but was not firm enough whencombating Chinese protectionism — the lack of access to its markets and thegrowing problems faced by American companies there.

鲍卡斯还说，美国虽然站出来谴责中国，谴责其国家支持的网络间谍窃取了美国的商业机密，但力度完全不够，尤其是在与中国的贸易保护主义竞争的这个时节，我们缺乏进入其市场的途径，而已有的美国企业在那里正面对着越来越多的问题。

“China has a long-termstrategy to build up its own champion industries, for its own benefit and tothe detriment of other countries,” he said. “The United States should stand upa lot more with respect to China’s economic wall, let alone the Internet wall.”

“中国拥有一个建设自己支柱产业的长期战略，以满足自己的利益，同时损害了其他国家利益。”他说，“美国越来越需要在中国经济城墙的问题上站出来，更不要说网络城墙。”

Baucus said he sawsigns that the new administration was backing away from some of its morecontroversial threats — such as declaring China a currency manipulator — infavor of more-targeted measures against dumping by state-subsidized companies.“I hope that’s where they go, and I tend to think that’s the direction,” hesaid.

鲍卡斯说，他看到的迹象是新政府打算放弃一些争议较大的威胁，比如宣称中国是货币操纵国，通过国家补贴公司，用更有针对性的措施反倾销。“我希望这是他们的目标，并且我倾向于认为这是一个努力方向。”他说。

Even before leavingBeijing, though, he was shocked to see Trump speak by telephone with TaiwanPresident Tsai Ing-wen and publicly question U.S. adherence to the one-Chinapolicy.

（虽然鲍卡斯这么说，但）在离开北京之前，鲍卡斯还在震惊于特朗普同台湾领导人蔡英文电话对话，并公开质疑美国一贯秉持的“一个中国”政策。

That, he said, hadbeen “a major blunder, a huge mistake,” by Trump, who was eventually forced toback down in a subsequent phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

他说，特朗普做的这件事是“一个重大失误，一个巨大错误”。特朗普最终被迫退让，并在随后同中国领导人习近平进行了电话对话。

“It’s typical Trump,‘The Art of the Deal,’ hit your opponent first to get them off balance. But hehas forgotten diplomacy is a lot more complicated than that. He’s forgottenTaiwan and one-China is nonnegotiable,” he said. “You don’t understand China,you don’t understand Taiwan, you’ve not even graduated from high school yet.”

“这就是典型的特朗普，所谓‘交易的艺术’（译注：特朗普的一本书名），率先击打你的对手使其失去平衡。但他忘了外交比这复杂得多。他忘了台湾问题和‘一个中国’政策是不可谈判的。”鲍卡斯说，“（特朗普）你完全不了解中国，不了解台湾，你甚至还没从高中毕业。”

Baucus also warned ofthe dangers of the United States becoming a protectionist “island” under Trump,both economically and in terms of immigration, a direction that would only cedeglobal space and influence to China.

鲍卡斯同时警告，在特朗普的领导下，美国有正在变成保护主义“孤岛”的危险，不仅是在经济方面，在移民问题上也是。这种（发展）方向只会（让美国）把国际空间和影响力拱手让于中国。

He was not entirelynegative about the new administration: Baucus expressed concern about aWashington Post report that the State Department was being sidelined. But healso praised Secretary of State Rex Tillerson.

鲍卡斯对于新政府也不是完全持负面态度，他对《华盛顿邮报》报道的“美国国务院正在被边缘化”表达了担忧，但他同时也赞扬了国务卿雷克斯·蒂勒森。

“When you sit down andtalk to him, you’ll listen, you don’t blow him off,” he said. “He knows whathe’s talking about, he projects confidence and substance, if not gravitas.”

“当你坐下来和他交谈的时候，你会不由自主地开始倾听，你不会把他当成耳旁风……他知道自己在说些什么，他会展现出自信和真实，或者庄重。”

Baucus’s basic advicefor the new administration: Start by formulating a “thoughtful, considered”strategy toward China that includes both engagement and a determination not tobe “pushed around.”

鲍卡斯对于新政府的基本建议是，首先要制定一个“全面的、周全的”对华策略，这个测量要同时包含合作，以及不被“欺负”的决心。

“One-China is notnegotiable to China, Tibet is not negotiable to China. But we have to askourselves: ‘What are our bottom lines?’ ” Baucus said. “Where can we bepushed no further?”

“对中国来说，‘一个中国’政策无可商量，西藏问题无可商量。但同时我们也要问问自己：‘我们的底线到底是什么？’我们最远能推进到哪一步？”

Whether it is ineconomics, the South China Sea or cybersecurity, Baucus said, the United Stateshas to decide where the red lines lie and be prepared to take firm action ifthose lines are crossed — action that should be measured in “deeds more thanwords.”

鲍卡斯说，无论是在经济问题上，还是在南海问题、网络间谍问题上，美国必须判定红线在哪里，并时刻准备在红线被越过时采取强硬手段，这些行动要以“行胜于言”为准则（译注：也就是“不要空打嘴炮”的意思）。

“There’s no questionthey’re going to test us,” he said. “It’s an authoritarian government, andthey’re going to keep pushing.”

“他们无疑是想测试我们（的底线）。”他说，“这是一个专制政府，他们一定会继续逼迫施压的。”


Frank the Yankee
China is going to bevery busy with its own internal problems. Their demographics are a mess with adeclining workforce, a rapidly aging population, and negligible immigration.They face a series of environmental disasters, and their financial system is ahose of cards. They, like we, need peace trade.

中国在内部问题上是很忙的。他们的人口特征一团糟：劳动力正在减少，人口快速老龄化，移民微不可计。他们还面临一系列环境灾难，他们的财政体系就像纸牌屋一样脆弱不堪。他们和我们一样，都需要和平贸易。

Madhya Dhama
They have poisonedtheir own children in a rush to toxic industry.
Meanwhile, with farfewer factories, the US cancer rate is going down.

他们急匆匆地在有毒工业中毒害自己的儿童。
同时，由于工厂数量下降，美国癌症发病率正在下降。

mhenriday
«Don’t let Beijing push us around, warns ‘frustrated’ formerambassador to China» Right, Mr Baucus, that Chineseaircraft carrier group in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean is reallyworrying....
When are people likeyourself going to realise that it's no longer 1945 - or even 1991 - and thatthe United States can no longer pretend to be the sole arbiter of the fate ofthe world ? When, instead of attempting to preserve a status quo ante that never really existed, are you going todevote your efforts to ensuring that the change to a multipolar world occurspeaceably and with so few birth pangs as possible ?...
Henri

《“失意”的美国前驻华大使警告称：别让北京摆布我们》好吧，鲍卡斯先生，中国在墨西哥湾和加勒比海部署的航空母舰战斗群真令人烦恼……
什么时候像你这样的人才能能意识到，现在早已不是1945年（或1991年）了？美国再也不能假装自己是世界命运的仲裁人。什么时候你才能停止维护一个不存在的“原状”，转而为世界多极化的和平演变而付出努力，同时尽可能减少阵痛呢？
亨利（留言）

Palika > mhenriday
Welcome to thepost-West world order.

欢迎来到后西方世界秩序。

VikSki > mhenriday
YOu keep smoking youropium china man

继续吸你的鸦片吧中国鬼

thmak
Beijing has beenpushed around by America ever since it tried to establish itself. Freeingitself from America's all forms of containment is not pushing America. Americahas the "long-term strategic vision to build up its economic might andglobal influence" since WWII, why cannot China? America has also "along-term strategy to build up its own champion industries, for its own benefitand to the detriment of other countries,”, the so-called America's world order.The United States tried to establish the economic wall TPP against China butfailed. China is able to resist the America's control of the internet in China.If Trump's agenda is to preserve America's jobs from loosing to China, China'sagenda is also to preserve China's own trade from being dominated by America.

自从试图建设自己开始，北京就一直被美国摆布才对。通过各种手段从美国手中解脱，并不是在逼迫美国。从二战以后，美国就拥有所谓“构建经济实力和全球影响力的长期战略视野”，为什么中国就不行？美国同样拥有“构建支柱产业的长期战略，以满足自己的利益，同时损害了其他国家的利益。”也就是所谓的美国世界秩序。美国试图建立经济城墙TPP以对抗中国，但是失败了。中国有能力抵抗美国控制中国的想法。如果特朗普议程里打算阻止美国的工作机会流失到中国，那么中国的议程里同样可以有阻止美国控制其贸易的内容。

MarkThomason
Of course we should not let China push us around.
We should not expect to push China around either.
China and the US are now peer competitors, rivals. That is not the same asenemies, though it could become so if badly handled.
One way to badly handle it into outright enmity would be to think thereare only two choices, to be bully or to be bullied.

我们当然应该制止中国摆布我们。
但我们也不应该期望去摆布中国。
中国和美国现在是同级竞争者、对手，但这不等同于就是敌人，虽然处理不好的话有可能会变成敌人。
所谓“处理不好”彻底变成敌人的方法之一，就是认为事情只有两个选项：欺负或被欺负。

Thomaswalter15
To say the least, he actually meant "Don't let Beijing bullying us!!! "

退一步说，他实际意思是“别让北京欺负我们！！！”

Liang2a
He never mentioned what Tillerson said about denying China's access to theSouth China Sea islands. That is a huge mistake as big as the phone call withTaiwan president.
In the end, what is America's goal with respect to China? Is it to coexistpeacefully and mutually beneficially with it or to suppress its rise in orderto maintain American's global dominance? It is easy to coexist peacefully withChina. Just allow it to develop fully to give its people the highest standardof living they can make for themselves. Obviously, China's technologies willrise to the same level or even more advanced than America's. But that does notnecessarily mean America will be impoverished by China's more advancedtechnologies. America can easily be self-sufficient in food, energy, rawmaterials, technologies, etc. By working hard americans can always givethemselves a reasonably high standard of living. I doubt very much if Chinawill attack the US. Besides, the US has thousands of nuclear warheads that candestroy China. Therefore, peaceful coexistence is easy provided the US did nottry to suppress China's efforts to give a high standard of living to theChinese people.
If America tried to suppress China's development, what would it need todo? Obviously, it would need to expand its military by many times. When fullydeveloped, China would have a per capita GDP same as the US. With its 4 timesbigger population, this means China will have 4 times bigger total economy. Andgiven equally advanced technologies, China can deploy a 4 times bigger militaryby spending the same percentage of GDP. This means if China spent 3% of its GDPfor military then the US will need to spend 12% of its smaller GDP to arms racewith China. Obviously, this will destroy America's economy.
Therefore, a wiser plan is to maintain peaceful coexistence with China sothat all can live peacefully. With reasonable cooperation between China and US,there might even be peace on earth.

他一点也没提国务卿蒂勒森所说的“阻止中国接近南中国海岛屿”有关内容。这是一个巨大错误，就像同台湾领导人电话对话一样大的错误。
最后，美国的对华目标到底是什么？是和平互惠共存，还是抑制其崛起以保持美国的霸权地位？同中国和平共存很简单，只要允许它充分发展，为自己的人民提供所能做到的最高生活标准就行。很显然，中国的技术会上升到与美国相同的水平，甚至高于美国。但这并不必然意味着中国的更先进技术会使美国情况恶化。美国在食物、能源、原料、技术等方面很容易自产自足。通过努力工作，美国人总能给自己提供相当高的生活水平。我非常怀疑中国会去攻击美国。另外，美国拥有上千枚核弹头可以用来摧毁中国。因此，如果美国不打算压制中国为其人民提供高水平生活的努力的话，和平共存很容易实施。
如果美国试图压制中国发展，那么它需要做什么？很明显，它需要扩展自己的军事力量好几倍。一旦充分发展了，中国将拥有与美国相同的人均GDP。而中国的人口数量是其4倍，这也就意味着中国的经济总量也是其4倍。如果拥有相同先进的技术，中国可以通过投入相同GDP比例的军费来获得4倍大的军事力量。这还意味着，如果中国将3%的GDP投入到军事上，美国就必须投入12%的GDP，以与中国竞赛。很显然，这将摧毁美国经济。
因此，更聪明的打算就是与中国和平共存，这样所有人都能和平生活。中美之间理性合作，地球将会更加和平。

VikSki > Liang2a
There is a wiser peaceful coexistence with the Chi nkcom man, that is tosucker punch the pathetic sorry china man to the curb. Kleptomaniac and lies isthe ancient chi nkcom way of life

跟那些中国佬和平共存，有一种更加明智的方法，那就是把这些低级可怜的中国佬傻揍到路边。偷窃和谎言是这些中国佬的传统生活方式。

Denis Peters > VikSki
You are so stupid. Go get a life! I am sure 10 years from now you will notsay what you are spreading now.

你真蠢。滚去干正事去！我确保10年以后你就不会再说你现在散布的话。

VikSki
One china is what is coming down my hole every morning when I sit on mytoilet to manifest a one china destiny.

“一个中国”政策是应该冲进马桶的玩意儿。

Gli0213
Baucus is right. The Obama administration has emboldened China. Now the USis being push around by China.

鲍卡斯说得对。奥巴马政府让中国壮了胆，现在美国确实正在被中国欺压摆布。

Amphibian62 > Gli0213
Actually, what qualifications, what expertise in Chinese politics, historyand culture did former Senator Baucus bring to this demanding job?

实际上，在中国政治、历史和文化上，前参议员鲍卡斯有什么资格胜任这个要求很高的工作？

Denis Peters
WTF! Who is bullying who? It is time for the West leading by the US toaccept the true fact that Asia leading by China and India will lead the worldwith different approach. NO more control freak from the West leading by the US.The world will be enjoyed by all people and not just 10% of the population fromthe West. This is the change that the West leading by the US cannot accept.

什么鬼！是谁在欺负谁啊？是时候让美国领导的西方去接受真相了，中印领导的亚洲将会用完全不同的方式领导世界。不、需、要、任何美国领导的西方来控制。世界将由全体人民共享，而不是仅仅西方的那10%。这种变化是美国领导下的西方所无法接受的。

Denis Peters
Who is pushing who around? It is the West leading by the US is the controlfreak of the world. China has nothing to do with the mess the West and the USare facing. It is the US acts like a control freak and goes around the world tostart unnecessary wars that killed tens and thousand innocent people, destroyednations that will take generations to rebuild, created millions refugees forother countries to take care. Why should others to take the all these burdensthat the US created at the first place? Why blame China that has nothing to dowith all the mess the US created? You stupid US should take a good look atyourself in the mirror before you trash others. China is working to helpothers, especially to the developing nations. How can you blame China inhelping others? The real reason for the US so upset about the rising China isthat the US is losing control of the world so it cannot longer take advantageof others as it wishes all the time. The US just cannot share the benefits withanother world power. This the mentality of the world number one control freak.

是谁在摆布谁？美国领导的西方才是整个世界的控制狂。中国对西方和美国面对的混乱什么也没做过。是美国表现得像一个控制狂，并到全世界开启无端的战争，杀害了成千上万的无辜人民，摧毁的国家需要几代人重建，还制造了上百万需要其他国家来照顾的难民。为什么其他人要承受美国率先制造出来的这些负担？为什么要怪罪对美国制造的混乱什么也没做过的中国？你个蠢比美国在腌臜别人之前，需要先在镜子里照照自己。中国致力于帮助别人，尤其是那些发展中国家，你凭什么指责帮助别人的中国？美国对崛起中的中国感到心烦的真正原因是，美国正在失去对全世界的控制，它将再也不能随时从别人身上任意拿好处。美国只是不愿意同其他世界强国分享利益而已。这就是世界头号控制狂的心态。

Madhya Dhama > Denis Peters
Nice writing.

写得好。

Jane Lib> Denis Peters
Denis, you are a CCTV-9 reporter?

丹尼斯，你是CCTV-9的记者？

Denis Peters
China should build its military bases in Cuba and Venezuela and patrollingnear the mainland of US like the US does in SCS.

中国应该在古巴和委内瑞拉部署军事基地，并且在美国大陆附近巡逻，就像美国在南中国海做的那样。

ex-FSO> Denis Peters
And I suppose the US should pile dirt around SCS atolls, call them itssovereign territory, claim exclusive rights around them and base advanced weaponssystems on them?

那么我猜美国也应该在南中国海珊瑚礁上填土，并宣称这些是自己的主权领土，主张对其专有权利，还在上面部署先进的武器系统？

LadyA1
A worse decision is appointing someone to a position who disparages theperson who appointed them.

一个糟糕的决定就是：被任命的某人去指责任命他的人。