中国推出其首艘国产航母 [美国媒体]

China launches its first domestically-made aircraft carrier

中国推出其首艘国产航母



China launches its first domestically built aircraft carrier, amid rising tensions over North Korea and worries about Beijing's assertiveness in the South China Sea. (Reuters)

在北朝鲜局势不断升温及北京对于南中国海令人心忧的自大下，中国推出其首艘国产航母。（路透社）

注：此处图片下的一行指的是花生屯邮报援引的路透社的视频，下面的报道为花生屯自己写的。

BEIJING — China has launched its first aircraft carrier built entirely on its own, in a demonstration of the growing technical sophistication of its defense industries and determination to safeguard its maritime territorial claims and crucial trade routes.

中国已推出其首艘完全国产的航母，在展示其国防工业技术发展的同时也是在表现其维护海外声索领土及重要贸易航线的决心。

The 50,000-ton carrier was towed from its dockyard just after 9 a.m. Wednesday following a ceremony in the northern port city of Dalian, where its predecessor, the Soviet-built Liaoning, underwent extensive refurbishing before being commissioned in 2012, the Ministry of National Defense said.

国防部表示这艘五万吨级的航母在周三上午九点的仪式后便被拖出船坞，所在地大连这座北方港口城市之前曾在2012年翻新了由苏联制造的辽宁号航母。

Development of the new carrier began in 2013 and construction in late 2015. It’s expected to be formally commissioned sometime before 2020, after sea trials and the arrival of its full air complement.

新航母计划始于2013年并于2015年底开始建造。在完成海试并补足战机后预计会在2020年前投入现役。

The carrier program is a key part of China’s naval expansion at a time when it is looking to beef-up its regional military influence to match its economic might. While China says it maintains a defensive military policy, its ambitions are rattling some neighbors who see Beijing as fueling already enflamed tensions in the region.

在中国希望加强区域军事影响力以匹配其经济力量之际航母便是其海军力量扩张的关键。尽管中国说会坚持奉行防御性的军事政策，但其抱负已使得一些看到北京在该地区煽风点火的邻国忧心不已。

Chinese naval strategists see the carrier program not only as a means to protect their country’s maritime interests, but also to have “naval power commensurate with China’s international status, to impress both external and domestic audiences,” said Michael Chase, an expert on the Chinese military at U.S. think tank the RAND Corporation.

中国海军战略学者们看到航母计划不仅意味着可用来保护其海上利益，兰德公司中国军队方面的专家Michael Chase表示这还要“对国内外观众留下这样一种印象，即海军实力与中国国际地位是相匹配的。”

The new carrier “is likely to be seen as further evidence of China’s desire to become the most powerful and influential country in the region,” he said. That will be especially worrying to Indian security analysts who are already concerned about Beijing’s ambitions in the Indian Ocean, he said.

他还表示这艘新航母“可以进一步证明中国希望成为该地区最强大与最具影响力的国家”。尤其是印度的安全分析人员对此忧心忡忡，他们已经注意到北京对于印度洋的野心。

India, along with Japan and Taiwan which also view Chinese carriers as threats, will likely respond by building new submarines and anti-ship missiles, said Ian Easton, a research Fellow at The Project 2049 Institute in Arlington, Virginia.

坐落于阿灵顿的2049计划研究所的研究员Ian Easton还说不单是印度，日本与台湾也将中国航母视为威胁，并可能做出反制措施如建造新潜艇与反舰导弹。

China’s “expansionist behavior in the South China Sea and its aggressive efforts to undermine the security of Taiwan and Japan, in particular, have translated into a situation where few countries now trust that Beijing has benign motives,” Easton said.

Easton表示中国“在南中国海的扩张行为和损害台湾和日本安全的好斗举动已使得大部分国家认为其居心不良。”

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang reiterated China’s contention that it maintains a purely defense military posture and “sticks to the path of peaceful development.

“The purpose to develop national defense forces including the navy is to safeguard our national sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as the peace of the world,” Geng told reporters Wednesday at a daily news conference.

在周三的例行新闻发布会上中国外交部发言人耿爽对记者重申中国奉行防御性的国防政策并坚持走和平发展道路，中国发展包括海军在内的国防力量，目的是为了维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，是为了维护世界和平。

中间是老生常谈黑一下对于湾湾的威胁和航母建设与下水简要信息，略过

China is believed to be planning to build at least two and possibly as many as four additional carriers, with one of them, the Type 002, reported to be already under construction at a shipyard outside Shanghai. They are expected to be closer in size to the U.S. Navy’s nuclear-powered 100,000-ton Nimitz class ships, with flat flight decks and catapults to allow planes to launch with more bombs and fuel aboard.

据信中国将至少建造两艘并可能再建造四艘航母，其中一艘002型被报道已在上海外的造船厂动工。预计其大小将接近于美国海军十万吨级的尼米兹级核动力航母，并拥有平直的飞行甲板和弹射器以使飞机在起飞时得以携带更多的弹药与燃料。

According to Chinese reports, the new, as yet unnamed, carrier will carry 24 Shenyang J-15 fighters, based on the Russian Sukhoi Su-33, along with 12 helicopters for anti-submarine warfare, airborne early warning and rescue operations. That compares to 85-90 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters carried by a Nimitz-class carrier.

根据中国报道，尚未命名的新航母将携带24架沈飞J-15战机（该战机是基于俄罗斯苏霍伊公司的Su-33），以及12架用于反潜，早期预警和救援的直升机。相比之下尼米兹级航母则可携带85-90架固定翼飞机及直升机。

As China expands its navy, it is projected to have a total of 265-273 warships, submarines and logistics vessels by 2020, according to the Washington, D.C.-based Center for Naval Analysis. That compares with 275 deployable battle force ships presently in the U.S. Navy, China’s primary rival in the Asia Pacific.

根据华盛顿海军分析中心的研究，随着中国扩张其海军，到2020年其将拥有总数为265-273艘的战舰，潜艇及补给舰。而作为中国在亚太地区的主要对手，美国海军目前可投入作战的军舰为275艘。

The U.S. operates 10 aircraft carriers, has 62 destroyers to China’s 32, and 75 submarines to China’s 68. The U.S. Navy has 323,000 personnel to China’s 235,000.

相比之下，目前美国拥有10艘航母，驱逐舰数量美中对比为62:32，潜艇为75:68，海军人数为323000：235000。


Natmeister
Building ships and planes is one thing. Creating a capable cadre of pilots and support crews is another. Launching and recovering aircraft in all conditions is really hard. And a carrier strike force is a complex mix of AWACS, submarines and supply chain.

建造航母和飞机是一回事，培养一批优异的飞行骨干和维护人员是另一回事。在各种条件下都能起降飞机是真心困难，而且一艘航母若想形成战力那么复杂的预警机，潜艇和供应链联合体系是不可或缺的。

—President-Baron Donny Harkonnen
Exactly. SO far away from the complexity and depth we spent decades developing.

没错，这太过复杂与深奥我们花了几十年才走到今天这一步。

JoeT1
It's of limited use. As noted, it uses the ski slope deck rather than catapults, which are challenging and expensive. So you can't use long range planes or put much in the way of munitions on them.

用处不大。可以注意到它用的是滑跃甲板而非弹射器（这玩意又贵又难），所以没法使用长程战机和挂载太多弹药。

the_chemist_of_discord
The Japanese built better carriers 75 years ago. And with their own technology.

日本人在75年前就能建造更好的航母了，而且是靠自己的技术。

USNMark5
Well as long as they are using Russian designs and technology we're safe.

好的既然他们用的是俄罗斯的设计和技术那我们就安全了。

Progess
Wait wait wait.......we have 10 Nuclear Powered Aircraft Carriers, 9 non nuclear powered carriers as compared to Chinas used old powered carrier and their new still not nuclear powered carrier? 
And dolts still believe Trumps small navy nonsense? 
strange.

等等等等...相较于中国的老航母和常规动力的新航母我们拥有10艘核动力航母与9艘常规动力航母不是吗？
却依旧还有2b相信川普的小海军废话？
真是奇怪。

MichaelWaters
They have their carrier. That is well. Do they have an air wing? Do they have surface escorts? Do they have underway replenishment ships? There is more to a Navy than capital ships.  
Carriers are used to project power, and that's what China is attempting to do. They can't challenge the US Navy now, but that isn't to say that they can't in the future. This is the first step. Whether there will be more, and how quickly they will be made, will be telling. But remember the spectacle when Kuznetsov sailed to the Med a few months ago? China still has a long way to go.

他们有了自己的航母，这很好。但他们有航空联队了吗？他们有护航编队了吗？他们有补给舰了吗？相对于核心舰艇海军需要更多这类船只。
航母是用于展现力量的，这也是中国正在尝试的。目前他们尚不能做到挑战美国海军，但不代表未来不能。这是第一步，至于是否会有更多步及有多快请拭目以待。但还记得几个月前库兹涅佐夫号到达地中海的情景吗？中国还有很长的路要走。