中国军事最终如何成为了美俄的威胁 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Newsweek published this story under the headline “A Look at China's Army” on January 21 1980. In light of recent news involving China's growing military power Newsweek is republishing the story.

1980年1月21日，《新闻周刊》刊登了标题为“一窥中国军队”的报道。鉴于最近中国不断增长的军事实力，《新闻周刊》重刊了此报道。



During his visit to China last week Defense Secretary Harold Brown inspected the world's largest army—and one of the least up-to-date. In his party was Newsweek's Pentagon correspondent David C. Martin who cabled this report:

在上周访问中国期间，国防部长Harold Brown 视察了世界上最大的军队——也是最落后的军队之一。《新闻周刊》五角大楼通讯记者David C. Martin 跟随报道如下：

Harold Brown got the closest look any American has ever had at the Chinese defense Establishment—a tour of the military college a display of tanks and warplanes in action and a visit (the first by any foreigner) to a submarine yard. Beneath the spit and polish Brown saw an army uncomfortably poised between the tenets of the "people's war" which brought the Communists to power and the demands of great-power preparedness in 1980. For the moment the People's Liberation Army (PLA) seems stranded in mid-century.

Harold Brown 是迄今最近距离观察中国国防建设的美国人——参观军事学院、坦克列展、战机表演，甚至还作为第一个外国人参观了潜艇。在光鲜的表面之下，Brown 看到的是一支介于坚守助GCD夺得权力的“人民战争”宗旨与追求强大实力之间的军队。目前来看，人民解放军似乎还停留在中世纪。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

At the PLA's military college in Peking there is a model of a Chinese Atoll air-to-air missile. It is a copy of a U.S. heat-seeking Sidewinder missile captured from Taiwan in the early '60s. Since then the U.S. has gone through eight different models each with more sophisticated electronics than the last. As a result the top-of-the-line missile in the Chinese Air Force is a twenty-year-old weapon by American standards. What's more most of China's 4100 interceptors do not even carry the Atoll but are armed only with cannon.

北京的解放军国防大学陈列着一枚中国“环礁”空空导弹模型，这是60年代从台湾缴获的美国“响尾蛇”追热导弹复制品。然而美国自那时已经更新了8个型号，每个新型号电子设备都比之前更精密复杂。因此中国空军最先进的导弹是美国20年前的水准。此外，中国的4100架截击机中大部分甚至没有配备环礁导弹，而只有机关炮。

POLITE PRAISE: The world's largest army (3.5 million strong) has embarked on a new "Long March" to modernize its forces and the distance to be traveled can be measured in years or decades. Brown himself politely praised China's F-7 fighter after he saw it on display; he said the plan had "considerably better instrumentation" than the Soviet MiG-21 on which it was based. But in general he said that Chinese equipment "corresponds to the best of the U.S. or Soviet unx a dozen years ago."

礼貌性的赞誉：世界上最大的军队(350万之众)已经开启了一场新的“长征”以现代化其军事力量，预计要花几年或几十年时间。Brown 本人在观看中国F-7战机展示后礼貌地称赞“其仪器明显比其原型苏联米格-21更好”，但总体来说，中国的装备“相当于美国和苏联十几年前最好的装备”。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

The PLA's weaknesses became apparent during last year's attempt to teach Vietnam a lesson China's first military action since 1962. "The Chinese paid a heavy price" a U.S. official says although by most assessments Vietnam paid a heavier price. "At the tactical level the performance was sort of pedestrian" says another American analyst. "They lacked sufficient motor transportation and tactical communications and they had particular difficulty delivering enough ammo to their artillery units."

解放军去年试图教训越南时显露了它的弱点，这是1962年以来中国军队的首次行动。一位美国官员称“中国人付出了沉重的代价”，尽管大部分评价认为越南付出了更沉重的代价。“从战术层面来说，中国的表现有些平庸，”另一个美国分析家称，“他们缺乏充分的机械运输和战术通信手段，尤其运送弹药给炮兵时面临了很大困难。”

STRATEGY: Under Mao Tse-tung that would not have been a source of grave concern. His people's war was a strategy of converting weakness into strength; it relied on China's vast territory and teeming millions to swallow any invader. Even today U.S. analysts believe that the Soviets could not conquer China; the PLA's ability to defend the country in depth would exhaust invaders.

战略：如果在毛泽东的指挥下，这将不是一个大问题，他的“人民战争”旨在将弱点转化为优势，中国巨大的国土和人口将吞噬任何入侵者。即便今天，美国分析家也认为苏联不可能征服中国，解放军全面保卫国家的能力将使侵略者筋疲力尽。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

But post-Mao industrialization calls into question the concept of a people's war. "People's war is good when the society is predominantly agricultural" explains an American expert. "As the society becomes industrialized people's war means the sacrifice of the cities and that means the sacrifice of the nation's security. As a nation develops an industrial base it has to develop strength along the border to protect the industries."

但是毛后期的工业化引发了对人民战争观念的质疑。“在农业化社会，人民战争是有效的。”一个美国专家解释道，“但当社会工业化之后，人民战争意味着牺牲城市和国家安全。一旦国家有了工业基础，就必须发展力量保卫边境和工业设施。”

No military analyst thinks the Chinese could successfully defend the frontier. Among the more glaring weaknesses: an air-defense system that in the words of one U.S. intelligence officer is "worthless under 5000 feet." By one U.S. estimate China would need as much as $60 billion worth of modern arms to repel a Soviet attack against its border. Even if someone were willing to sell that much—and if China were able to pay for it—that amount of new technology would take a generation to absorb.

没有军事分析家认为中国能成功保卫边境。中国众多弱点中一个最明显的例子：空中防御体系——按照一个美国情报官的说法“任何(作战高度)低于5000英尺的(飞行器)都毫无价值”。美国估计中国需要价值近600亿美元的现代武器以应对苏联对边境的进攻。然而，即便有人愿意卖给中国——中国也买得起的话，也需要一代人的时间去消化吸收新技术。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

PURCHASES: The PLA is avidly canvassing the world market for arms sending literally thousands of technicians shopping in Western Europe. For months they seemed on the verge of purchasing the Harrier jumpjet from Britain and the HOT anti-tank missile from France but neither deal has been closed. "They do not want to be in the position of acquiring their weapons systems entirely from other countries" Brown said. "They can afford neither the financial cost [nor the dependence] on other countries. What they have in mind is to buy enough to learn how to make their own."

购买：解放军热衷于考察世界军火市场，他们派遣了上千名技术人员去西欧采购，有那么几个月，他们好像要买英国的鹞式战斗机、法国的热导反坦克导弹了，不过最后没有一笔交易达成。“他们不想要他国的全套武器系统。”Brown 说，“他们既担不起成本，也不愿依赖于他国，他们的内心想法是买一些足以用来研究，最终国产化。”

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Although it is declared policy that a strong China is in the national interest of the U.S. American officials agree that there are limits to that concern. The U.S. and China still have major differences of opinion over Korea and Taiwan. Despite the rhetoric about a defensive people's war the record of Chinese military actions—Korea India and Vietnam—is one of attack not retreat. Consequently the U.S. still will not sell weapons to China. For the foreseeable future the gap that separates the military power of the U.S. and China will be so great that the question of just how powerful China should be does not arise. But sooner or later the military advantage that the U.S. and Russia each holds over China will begin to wane. The question then becomes: will the Soviet unx try an accommodation with China or will it try to exploit its military advantage while that edge still exists?

尽管美国既定政策认为一个强大的中国符合美国国家利益，但美国官员也同意这是有条件限制的。美中在朝鲜台湾问题上依然有很大分歧。 尽管中国用“人民自卫战”这种修辞，但中国在朝鲜、印度、越南的军事行动是一种进攻行为。因此美国依然不会卖给中国武器。在可预见的未来，中美之间的军事实力的差距依然会如此巨大，以至于不会出现“中国将会多强大”这种问题。然而，美国和俄国对中国的军事优势早晚会减弱。那个时候问题就会变成：“苏联是选择和中国和解还是趁其优势依在设法稳固其优势？”


-------------译者：奔走的兔子-审核者：奔走的兔子------------

Jing10 hours ago
And American military had always been a threat to China and Russia.

美国军队一直是中国和俄罗斯的威胁

Kenny10 hours ago
How the Chinese military finally became a threat to the U.S.? the same way how U. S. military threatens China the last 70 years. how is time to go back the congress threatening your people for more money.

中国的军队最终怎样成为了美国的威胁？同样，美国在过去的70年又是怎样威胁中国的？时间又是怎么倒退回国会为了更多的钱而威胁自己的人民的？

WithinGoodHands10 hours ago
After Trump inauguration Russia and US ended the cold war and enemy since 2017. Us and Russia military are one World. One Nation. .

特朗普就职后，美国和俄罗斯就结束了2017年以来的冷战。美国和俄罗斯的军队就是同一阵营的。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

moor5 hours ago
The Chinese ultimate goal is the world conquest. Towards the east it will acquire the South and the East China Sea go into the Pacific and defeat the United States before long. Towards the west it will conquer Europe and Africa with one belt one road strategy. We can understand the behavior of China well with this perspective.
For preventing such a dark future we should contain China now by an economic strategy. Financial policy to wreck the China's economy must be carried out.

中国人的终极目的是统治世界。向东，不久它就会把南海和东海收入囊中，进军太平洋、打败美国。向西，它将用一带一路战略政府欧洲和非洲。从这个视角我们就能很好地理解中国的行为了。
为了避免这种阴暗未来，我们现在就应该用经济策略控制中国，必须实施破坏中国经济的金融政策。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Johnny8 hours ago
I had a subscxtion to Newsweek along with those to US News and World Report and Time back in the day and for the most part saw what was going on with one caveat. In fact I gave a presentation in high school to a class where years later a few remembered what I saw to be the case in respect to Chinese inroads into Africa etc... What I did not foresee was the effect of capitalist influence on what would eventually take place. Those American corporations who have invested in China along with American free trade policies are what has funded China's rise to power. Capitalist' interest trumped National Security interests which was to see a change in their form of government before China was allowed into the world order. In other words American capitalism has sown the seeds of the fruit that the USA will soon reap.

我曾订阅《新闻周刊》，《美国新闻与世界报道》以及《时代》杂志，在很大程度上看到了当时世界的变化。其实高中时，我就在班上做过一个展示，许多年后应该还有人记得我当时是怎么预测中国将侵犯损害非洲的。
然而我没有预见到的是，资本主义是如何影响后续事情的发生的。这些投资中国、鼓动自由贸易政策的美国公司资助了中国的崛起。在中国被允许参与国际秩序之前，资本家的利益压过了美国的安全利益，导致他们掌控的政府改变了政策。换句话说，美国资本家播下的种子，而美国很快将尝到苦果。

-------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

evereachyu10 hours ago
Hehe...If one observes in the news comment sections or blog sections in the vastness of the World Wide Web the very mention of the word 'China' draws in a lot of Americans. When the very word 'CHINA' is mentioned most Americans simply lose their minds and any sort of obxtiveness flies out the window its like they must explode and spew some venom or hatred against China or else their very lives may end. It's quite funny to observe the phenomenon of Sinophobia amongst the Americans and i'm sure that phobia permeates into all aspects of present day american society from civil society to its military and to its government.

哈哈，如果有人在庞大的互联网上观察新闻评论或博客片段，他会发现一提到“中国”，一大堆美国人就鱼贯而出。只要提到“中国”这个词，大部分美国人就瞬间得了失心疯、扔掉了客观性。仿佛他们必须对中国口吐恶言、极尽仇恨之词，否则他们就一命呜呼了。观察美国人的惧华现象是很有趣的，而且我相信美国社会的恐惧已经蔓延到了各个方面，包括社会，军队以及政府。

ECHE3 hours ago
China is definitely a threat to U.S. a threat to the U.S. hegemony in Asia.

中国绝对是美国的威胁，威胁了美国在亚洲的霸权。

-------------译者：奔走的兔子-审核者：天河云------------

S M G6 hours ago
Anyone is getting stronger will be a threat to USA? that clearly show Americans' mentality.

任何变强的国家都将是美国的威胁？这充分暴露了美国人的心态

Darrel9 hours ago
Despite their deficiencies the Chinese sure gave us hell in Korea and despite their deficiencies the north Vietnamese certainly gave us hell in Vietnam.

尽管他们都有不足，但是中国确实在北朝鲜给我们制造了地狱，北越在越南也给我们制造了地狱

richer9 hours ago
Threat to your economies yes. Militarily threat no because they understand the true cost of wars and it takes several generations to repay it.

威胁到你们的经济没错，但不会有军事上的威胁因为他们知道战争的代价，需要几代人来偿还

Tim9 hours ago
Im sick of seeing this war mongering fake news. Its just anti American propaganda from George Soros again. What a puke. Stupid really stupid.

我已经厌倦了看这个战争贩子的假新闻。又是乔治索罗斯的反美宣传。什么玩意儿。蠢，真蠢

-------------译者：奔走的兔子-审核者：天河云------------

Li39 minutes ago
Good Job!

干得好！

Vince10 hours ago
Well ask yourself this. What would you do if the Japanese the Mongols and the British tried to take control of your country?

好吧，问问你自己，如果日本人，蒙古人，英国人想要控制你的国家，你该怎么做？

Peace for all2 hours ago
Talk about yourself. Chinese are not threat to Russia.

这说的是你自己吧，中国绝不是俄罗斯的威胁

Virginian10 hours ago
Do they employ transgender according to the lying liberal media Transgender are super warriors

他们会像自由媒体说的那样雇佣变性人吗？变性人是超级战士

ODE10 hours ago
Not buying it!

我才不信！

 -------------译者：奔走的兔子-审核者：天河云------------

Bela10 hours ago
by not allowing any gays and trans gender perverts....

不允许任何同性恋和跨性别者

Kurtz10 hours ago
chinathe international joke

中国—国际玩笑

plus810 hours ago
how they became a threat we financed their Army you know Wal-Mart..

他们是怎样变成威胁的，因为我们资助了他们的军队，你知道的，沃尔玛…