quora网友：谁是中国最大的敌人？ [美国媒体]

Who's the biggest enemy of China?

谁是中国最大的敌人？



Jacob Tsutsumi, Japanese-American, knowledgeable in history and linguistics.
Vietnam - tensions started rising when the Vietnamese took over the Khmer Rogue, a Cambodian government that was backed by the Chinese. China demanded Vietnam to withdraw their forces from Cambodia, but the Vietnamese refused. As a result, on February 17, 1979, the Chinese declared war on the Vietnamese. While the fighting lasted for 3 weeks, it proved how desperate the two nations were for political control over Southeast Asia (mainland). While tensions have decreased in modern times, there is still territorial disputes over the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands.

越南 - 当越南人接管由中国人支持的柬埔寨政府—高棉流氓时，紧张局势开始上升。中国要求越南从柬埔寨撤军，但越南拒绝了。结果，1979年2月17日，中国人向越南人宣战。虽然战斗持续了3周，但事实证明这两个国家对东南亚（大陆）的政治控制是多么的绝望。虽然当代的紧张局势有所减弱，但西沙群岛和南沙群岛仍存在领土争端。

Japan - when the Japanese Empire invaded China, countless atrocities were committed by Japanese soldiers. The Nanjing Massacre is the most famous, where many people were tortured, raped and killed. The death toll of the Nanjing Massacre could be anywhere between 40,000 and 300,000. In modern times, the Chinese are still mad at the Japanese for supposedly denying the war crimes they committed before and during WW2. The governments on the other hand, mainly are rivals due to the current situation in Asia, involving territorial disputes and North Korea.

日本 - 当日本帝国入侵中国时，日本士兵犯下无数暴行。南京大屠杀是最着名的暴行，许多人遭到酷刑，强奸和杀害。南京大屠杀的死亡人数可能在四万到三十万之间。在现代，中国人仍然对日本人愤怒，（因为他们）认为他们（日本人）否认他们在二战前和二战期间犯下的战争罪行。另一方面，由于亚洲目前的情况，政府之间主要是竞争对手，涉及领土争端和朝鲜。

Mongolia - the nation of Mongolia isn’t really much of an enemy to China, but they definitely are not friends. Mongolia is one of the most Sinophobic nations on the planet and there was even a book published about how Sinophobia contributed to making of the Mongolian identity. Historically, tensions during the Cold War was mainly over the Soviet unx annexing the People’s Republic of Mongolia, as the Chinese considered Mongolia a buffer state between them and the Soviets. If you went back even further, you would see the Mongolians conquering China (Yuan dynasty) and the Qing Dynasty conquering the last remaining Mongol territories.

蒙古 - 蒙古国并不足以成为中国的敌人，但他们绝对不是朋友。蒙古是世界上最反华的国家之一，甚至还出版了一本关于反华症如何促成蒙古身份认同的书。历史上，冷战时期的紧张局势主要是苏联吞并蒙古人民共和国，因为中国人认为蒙古是他们与苏联之间的缓冲国。如果你回顾更远的历史，你会看到蒙古人征服了中国（元朝）和清朝征服了最后剩下的蒙古领土。

Taiwan (Republic of China) - if Taiwan were to be fully recognized, then yes, Taiwan would be an enemy to the communist government of China. I mean, it seems reasonable. The Republic of China (which governs Taiwan) claims that the entirety of mainland China is rightfully theirs, however the communists have absolute control over the mainland. Why are two governments claiming the entirety of China? It’s because of the Chinese Civil War. The Kuomintang (Republic of China) were fighting against communist forces for decades. While the fighting between the two Chinese governments ceased during WW2, the 2nd sequence included massive Soviet support for the communists. The Soviet support clearly worked, seeing how the Kuomintang had to retreat to Taiwan.

台湾（中华民国）- 如果台湾得到充分承认，那么是的，台湾将成为中国T·G政府的敌人。我的意思是，这似乎是合理的。中华民国（统治台湾）声称整个中国大陆是理所当然的，但T·G对大陆有绝对控制权。为什么两个政府都声称整个中国？这是因为中国内战。国民党（中华民国）几十年来一直在与GC主义力量作战。第二次世界大战期间，中国两个政府之间的战斗已经停止，而第二次战争包括苏联对T·G的大力支持。看到国民党如何撤退到台湾，苏联的支持显然奏效了。

I would include more nations such as South Korea or the USA but those nations aren’t really full-on enemies. They still have many upsides that could potentially compensate for the downsides their diplomatic relations have.

我会包括更多的国家，如韩国或美国，但这些国家并不是真正意义上的敌人。他们仍有许多可能弥补其外交关系所带来的负面影响的正面因素。

And yes, Laideng Meng is right. The information I just gave you will be outdated in a few years as politics change constantly.

是的，Laideng Meng是对的。随着政治不断变化，我刚给你的信息将在几年内过时。

Jiggs Chasmawala, I stay upxed on International Affairs & am doing a course on Ethnic Conflict.
Thanks for the A2A.

感谢提问。

Very few nations today have 'enemies' in the traditional sense. However, most nations have rivals for various reasons including history, economy, geopolitics, etc.
Japan is China's historic rival. Most of the disputes the 2 have today are due to historic reasons. These include the Sino-Japanese wars.
US is China's economic rival. China wants to become the world's top economy. However, this involves doing business with the 'enemy'.
India is China's rival for influence in the region & business around the world. India is a rising power with a large & young population.
Vietnam is China's rival for historic reasons like the Sino-Vietnamese war of 1979. Also, it is in China's way when it comes to increasing Beijing's influence in the South China Sea & hence trade around the world. Taiwan falls into this category as well. For Taiwan, the history involves the Chinese civil war & subsequent estrangement.
I will try to upxe this list if I can think of more reasons.

当今世界很少国家有在传统意义上的'敌人'。但是，由于历史，经济，地缘政治等多种原因，大多数国家都有竞争对手。
日本是中国的历史上的老竞争对手。今天大部分争议都是由于历史原因。这些包括中日战争。
美国是中国的经济对手。中国希望成为世界上最大的经济体。但是，这涉及与'敌人'做生意。
印度是中国在世界各地的业务影响力的竞争对手。印度是一个拥有大量年轻人的新兴大国。
由于1979年中越战争（对越自卫反击战）等历史原因，越南是中国的竞争对手。此外，越南也阻碍了中国提升在南中国海的影响力，进而影响了其全球贸易。同样台湾也属于这一类别。对台湾而言，历史原因涉及中国内战及其后的隔阂。。
如果我能想到更多的原因，我会尝试更新这个列表。

Laideng Meng
No permanent enemies, no permanent friends, and only permanent interests. ——— Lord Palmerston
·         This sentence also applies to China. In terms of current China, there is no doubt that the US is China’s most powerful enemy.
·         According to Thucydides's trap, there is an unavoidable contradiction and friction between the rising China and the current superpower USA.
·         Further, you can regard the NATO(some western countries closed to the US ) and Korea、Japanese、Philippines in Asia and the whole Australia as Chinese enemies.
·         Of course, China also has his partner，such as Russia,North Korea and Pakistan and so on.
·         You can pay attention to the negotiation between the US and North Korea recently, which reflects what you interested.

没有永恒的敌人，也没有永恒的朋友，只有永恒的利益。——帕默斯顿勋爵
这句话也适用于中国。就目前的中国而言，毫无疑问，美国是中国最强大的敌人。
根据修昔底德的陷阱，中国崛起与当前超级大国美国之间存在着不可避免的矛盾和摩擦。
此外，您可以将北约（一些亲美国的西方国家）和韩国，日本，亚洲菲律宾和整个澳大利亚视为中国的敌人。
当然，中国也有他的合作伙伴，如俄罗斯，朝鲜和巴基斯坦等。
您最近可以关注反映了您兴趣的美国与朝鲜之间的谈判。

In the end, the world changes very quickly. Today's friends may be the enemies of tomorrow, and vice versa. So, it is likely that you will find the above statement is inaccurate and even conversely.
END

最后，世界变化很快。今天的朋友可能是明天的敌人，反之亦然。所以，你很可能会发现上述说法是不准确的，甚至是相反的。
结束

Xing Fan, lives in China
China does not have any enemy, seriously.
China media usually say bad thing about two countries:
Japan, for example, some Japanese politician did something stupid again. But Japan is not a enemy of China anymore. Japan has lost in WW2.
America, for example, tough America try to bully China again. But US-China has great trade relationship. China just want to cooperate with America.
China is good with Russia and good with Ukraine.
China is good with Israel and good with Islam countries
China is good with Pakistan and try to good with India.
China invest a lot in Australia and New Zealand. Most the belt and road countries want China invest them. European countries are trade partners.
China has great relation with Africa countries 。
China is good with South America countries.
无敌 is a Chinese word has can two meanings
one is you are too strong that no one is qualified to be your enemy
two is you are too kind that no one want to be your enemy.
China want to be 无敌。

严格来说，中国没有任何敌人。
中国媒体通常只说两个国家的坏话：
例如，日本的一些日本政客再次做了一些愚蠢的事情。但日本不再是中国的敌人。 日本在二战中输了。
例如，强硬的美国试图再次欺骗中国。但中美有很大的贸易关系。中国只想与美国合作。
中国对俄罗斯好，对乌克兰好。
中国对以色列很好，对伊斯兰国家也很好
中国对巴基斯坦很好，并试图与印度保持良好关系。
中国在澳大利亚和新西兰投资很多。 大多数位于一带一路周边的国家都希望中国投资。欧洲国家是贸易伙伴。
中国与非洲国家关系很好。
中国对南美国家很好。
"无敌"是一个有两种含义的中文词汇
一个是你太强大了，没有人有资格成为你的敌人
二是你太善良，没有人想成为你的敌人。
中国想成为无敌。

Dieci Anni, Engineer at NXP Semiconductors (2016-present)
As a Chinese citizen myself , i would say Chinese people are the biggest enemy of China.
Some foreigners maybe not know about the utimate goal for CCP, which is the great rejuvenation of the Chinese. And in my opinion, the major enemy of China should be the biggest obstacle of this goal.
I know some chinese would argue that some countries like U.S or Japan or even India is her biggest enemy. And yes , diplomatic issues or disagreement on ideology with these countries maybe troublesome , but they are not really slowing down the pace of Chinese people reaching the finishline.
After U.S block CHN out of the ISS project , Chinese got the Tiangong （Tiangong program - Wikipedia）
After U.S baned the export of high proformance processers , Chinese got the Sunway supercomputer. (Sunway - Wikipedia)
One’s enemy supposed to make one weaker right ?
What’s the biggest problem in China for now ?
I would not say democracy, although i admit we could do better on this part. But i want to emphasize the improtance of legal state. People’s concpet of law should be fundamental element of any economy growth. But for some reasons , people in china lack of this common sense.
30 years ago , people lived on limited supplies. They cannot buy as much food as they want because of the limitations. 60 years ago, millions people starve to death because of the drought and 90 years ago we don’t even have peace.
Which means , this elder generation in China care more about survival. Starvation , illness and warfare are real threat in their childhood. They didn’t learn much about behavior or discipline, because it’s already hard enough for their parents to keep them alive.
So, the concept of legal state is not a common sense in Chinese people nowadays . This would also lead to lack of spirit of contract.
For instance , a guy called X.L Zhang just turn himself in last month, because he’s the CEO of a company realted with pyramid scheme. Care to guess what did the victim of this scheme do after that ?
They surronded the police station and city hall, claim that Mr.Zhang is innocent and this company is running a legitimate bussiness ，demand the authority to release him .

作为一名中国公民，我想说中国人是中国最大的敌人。
有些外国人可能不知道中国T·G的最终目标，那就是中华民族的伟大复兴。而在我看来，中国的主要敌人应该是这个目标的最大障碍。
我知道一些中国人会争辩说，美国，日本甚至印度等一些国家是她最大的敌人。是的，外交问题或与这些国家的意识形态分歧可能很麻烦，但它们并不能真正降低中国人到达成目标的速度。
在美国将中国从国际空间站计划中排除在外后，中国人研发了天宫（天宫计划- 维基百科）
在美国禁止出口高性能处理器后，中国研发了神威超级计算机。（Sunway - 维基百科）
作为一个人的敌人就应该让他变弱，对吧?
现在中国最大的问题是什么？
我不会说民主，尽管我承认我们可以在这方面做得更好。但我想强调法治国家的重要性。人们的法律观念应该是任何经济增长的基本要素。但由于某些原因，中国人缺乏这种常识。
30年前，人们靠有限的物资供应生活。由于配额限制，他们不能购买他们想要的食物。60年前，数百万人因干旱而饿死，90年前我们甚至没有和平。
这意味着，中国的老一代更关心生存。他们童年时期的饥饿，疾病和战争是真正的威胁。他们没有学到太多关于行为或纪律的知识，因为他们的父母已经很难让他们活着。
因此，法治国家的概念在当今的中国人中并不是常识性的。这也会导致缺乏契约精神。
例如，上个月，一位名叫X.L Zhang的人刚刚自首，因为他是一家与传销有关的公司的首席执行官。不妨猜猜这个传销公司的受害者之后做了什么？
他们包围了警察局和市政府，声称张先生是无辜的，并且该公司正在运营合法业务，要求当局释放他。

Because that’s the only way they can get their money back ( maybe even with 40% capital gain) . They are totall aware that their money come from scam but they just don’t want to be the ones losing money, ( they DO totally comfortable with other people losing money)
People like that are the major reason why China is not a fully legal state yet. If law cannot be enforced, i hardly think anything can be done. And sadly , they are still a large portion of Chinese population.
In conclusion , the major enemy of China is her people. I , for one , will do whatever it takes to change that .

因为这是他们赚回资金的唯一途径（甚至可能有40％的资本收益）。他们完全意识到他们的钱来自骗局，但他们不想成为那些亏损的人（其他人赔钱，他们完全无感）像这样的人存在是中国尚不是一个完全法治国家的主要原因。如果法律不能执行，我几乎认为不能做任何事情。可悲的是，他们仍然是中国人口的一大部分。总之，中国的主要敌人是她的人民。就我而言，我会尽一切努力来改变这种状况。

Anonymous
1.      No one.
2.      Everyone.
3.      Ourselves.
Our enemy is no one. It is the concept of enemy itself which makes one a foe. An enemy today might be a friend tomorrow. An enemy of a state is not a person—it cannot be—it is the idea.
Everyone is our enemy. Conflict of interest and difference in position make enemies. A friend today may become an enemy tomorrow. It is checks and balances which keep the peace. Every one pursues their own interests and ideals.
We are the enemy. The greatest enemy of all lies not beyond the wall, but within the realm. Our mistakes and poor judgements are the true enemies. Challenges which we as one united nation fail to overcome are of no one’s fault but our own. The rule of nature will infinitely blame the weak and praise the strong. If we shall be defeated, we deserve every bit of suffering and torture for who else but us are the only enemies who must be punished? But if you shall be the one to go down in history, all the depths of heaven will never forgive you even if every single piece of your bone screams of ugly pain. Your suffering will be legendary. And so will ours be if we shall be our own enemy.

1没有人。
2.每个人。
3.自己。
我们的敌人不是任何人。敌人本身的概念使人成为敌人。今天的敌人可能是明天的朋友。国家的敌人不是人——不可能是人——而是思想。
人人都是我们的敌人。利益冲突和地位差异会树敌。今天的朋友明天就可能会成为敌人。这是维持和平的制衡。每个人都追求自己的利益和理想。
我们自己就是自己的敌人。所有敌人中最强大的敌人不是来自外部，而是源于内部。我们的错误和错误的判断才是真正的敌人。我们作为一个团结的国家未能克服的挑战不是任何人的错，而是我们自己的错。自然法则会无限地责备弱者，赞美强者。如果我们被打败了，我们应该受到所有的痛苦和折磨，因为除了我们之外，还有谁是唯一的敌人，必须受到惩罚? 如果你将是那个被载入史册的人，即使你的每一根骨头都在痛苦地尖叫，天堂的深处也永远不会原谅你。你的苦难将成为传奇。如果我们成为自己的敌人，我们也将如此。

Heiguang Dian Deng Pao
Firstly, I have to say that the word enemy is a very heavy descxtion in Chinese culture. In most occations, only the ones that are so intend to destory you physically are seen as an enemy to the Chinese, such as the Japs in 1937.
In a broader sense, the biggest potential encumber to Chinese people is our Old Ideas . The Chinese as a nation have existed for thousands of years. We were used to solve problems with our experience, and we value the consequence rather than the process of developments. These two things fiercely corrupt our creativity and enthusiasm while make us conservative, passive and transigent.
The giant writer Lu Xun has a vivid and sarcastic descxtion : Chinese are master of appeasing. Once you suggest that digging out a window on the wall, people would turn you down softly right away . Then you claim to dig out a door strongly, they would sit down and discuss with you over the window thing with honest.
How can you expect to see progressiveness and the spirit of independence in a group of people like this？

首先，我不得不说，在中国文化中，“敌人”这个词是一个很重的描述。在大多数情况下，只有那些故意诋毁你的人会被视为中国的敌人，比如1937年的日本人。
从更广泛的意义上说，中国人民最大的潜在障碍是我们的旧观念。中华民族作为一个民族已经存在了几千年。我们习惯于用我们的经验来解决问题，我们重视结果而不是发展的过程。这两件事极大地腐蚀了我们的创造力和热情，却使我们变得保守、被动和顺从。
文学巨匠鲁迅有一个生动而讽刺的描述:中国人是绥靖的大师。一旦你建议从墙上的窗户往外挖，人们就会立刻轻轻地拒绝你。然后你声称要挖出一扇门，他们会坐下来和你在窗边诚实地讨论这件事。
你如何期望看到像这样的一群人的进步和独立精神？

Lance Chen, System Development at Banking
China, with its history, its land mass, its population and its civilization, the only possible enemy is itself.
China, as a nation, could only be defeated by itself.
So to all Chinese, if you fxxxed up, do not blame anyone else.

中国，根据它的历史，它的国土面积，它的人口和它的文明，唯一可能的敌人是它自己。
中国作为一个民族，只能被自己打败。
所以对于所有的中国人来说，如果你失败了，不要责怪任何人。

Leroux van der Hoven
JAPAN.
The general Chinese population cast Japan as the villain, no doubt. Whether Japan actually poses a threat is another question, but because of what happened in the 2nd world war with the invasion of the East (Nanjing), the Chinese are still holding a major grudge against the Japanese for the war crimes they committed against the Chinese during that time.
The Chinese people despise Japan and the Chinese children are taught from a young age to hate their Japanese neighbours.

日本。
毫无疑问，中国民众把日本描绘成恶棍。日本是否真的构成威胁则是另一个问题，但由于第二次世界大战中发生的侵华战争(南京)，中国仍对日本在那段时期对中国犯下的战争罪行耿耿于怀。
中国人民鄙视日本，中国儿童从小就被教导要憎恨他们的日本邻居。

Gopal Das, worked at unx Bank Of India (1984-2017)
There are two dominant imperial forces acting in current geopolitical scenario - US and China. Up till now US has the unquestionable world supremacy and now China is challenging US supremacy. Naturally US is the biggest enemy of China. But in this respect China is waging a two front war - one is to catch up with US, another is India's rise as a neighborly nation. Some may think that India is the main enemy. But this is not true. If there was no US, India could not have posed a threat to China. India's economy is much smaller than Chinese. But here India has allied with US and Japan which is the main concern of China. Up till now what China has done, did it unilaterally. US always gets the help of its NATO group, in world geopolitics it plays its significant role with good number of allies. But China on the other hand has no such significant allies. Its natural alley is Pakistan and North Korea, both are notorious. No country support either China or its alley Pakistan and N. Korea. Recently, after 2000 Russia came to support China only to counter US supremacy, though it does not support most of the Chinese geopolitical stand on various issues. Basically, India is the natural alley of Russia, historically proved from Soviet period. India never belonged to US block, but it is the need of the time. To counter China, India and Vietnam allied with US and Japan. India cannot be the main enemy of China. China's economy is 6th-7th time bigger than India and much closer to US. China’s role is to subdue India, so that it does not stand in the way of Chinese ambition. Now consider if there were no US, who will be the main enemy of China? Then it must be Russia but not India. Because due to absence of US, there shall be a power rivalry between China and Russia as to who will take the leading position.

在当前的地缘政治局势中有两个主要的帝国力量 - 美国和中国。到目前为止，美国拥有毫无疑问的世界霸权，现在中国正在挑战美国的霸权地位。美国自然是中国最大的敌人。但在这方面，中国正在进行两面战争，一方面是赶上美国，另一方面是印度崛起为邻国。有些人可能认为印度是主要敌人。但是这是错误的。如果没有美国，印度不可能对中国构成威胁。印度的经济比中国小得多。但在这里，印度与美国和日本结盟，这是中国主要关心的问题。到目前为止，中国所做的一切都是单方面的。美国总是得到北约集团的帮助，在世界地缘政治中，美国与许多盟国发挥着重要作用。但另一方面，中国却没有如此重要的盟友。其天然的领地是巴基斯坦和朝鲜，而两者都是臭名昭着的。没有哪个国家支持中国或其领地巴基斯坦和朝鲜。最近，在2000年以后，俄罗斯支持中国只是为了对抗美国的霸权，尽管它并不支持中国在各个问题上的绝大多数地缘政治立场。基本上，印度是俄罗斯的天然领地，历史上从苏联时期就证明了这一点。印度从来不属于美国，但这是时代的需要。为了对抗中国，印度和越南与美国和日本结盟。印度不可能成为中国的主要敌人。中国经济比印度高出6-7倍，与美国差距更大。中国的角色是压制印度，这样它就不会妨碍中国的野心。现在想想，如果没有我们，谁将是中国的主要敌人?那么一定是俄罗斯，而不是印度。因为我们的缺席，中国和俄罗斯之间将会有一场谁将担任领导地位的权力竞争。

Li Kin Wa
No one.
The Chinese do not make enemies. They make friends.
What happened when China had the largest naval fleet in the world during the Ming dynasty? Did the Chinese invade other countries and colonize the whole Pacific?
No. They instead establish trade routes and give out free.
Rather than trying to expand, a lot of times, it tended to keep it to themselves. This is one of the main reasons why China was so weak in the late Qing dynasty.
Now, what China is doing is trading and making deals with everyone. Rather than bombing others to get what they want, they make deals and trade.

没有。
中国人不树敌。他们交朋友。
当中国在明朝拥有世界上最大的海军舰队时发生了什么?中国有没有侵略其他国家，在整个太平洋进行殖民?
不。相反，他们建立了贸易路线并提供免费赠送。
而不是试图扩张，很多时候，它倾向于保持自我。这是晚清时期中国如此弱小的主要原因之一。
现在，中国正在做的是与所有人进行贸易和交易。他们不是为了得到他们想要的东西而轰炸别人，而是做交易和贸易。

LEON Z
None. Chinese government always willing to take negotiation as the first priority to reach an agreement on any issues with any countries or organizations. Chinese government respect cultures of all other races or countries and are glad to provide help or investment to any other countries if they need. For those countries which reach an agreement with China, they don't have to worry about combination strategy, and just order what they like. Therefore, the diplomatic principal of Chinese government is full of sincerity and room for negotiation.
Above all, China is not a country seek for enemy initiatively. However,if you really want a name, you can name any other countries as the enemy of China, because it's one thing that whether China take someone as an enemy or not, it's another thing that whether some other countries take China as an enemy or not, it's even a third thing that which countries are the best options to be enemies of China so that it can maximize the benefits of someone.

没有。中国政府始终把同任何国家和组织就任何问题达成协议作为第一要务。中国政府尊重其他民族和国家的文化，愿意为其他国家提供帮助和投资。对于那些与中国达成协议的国家，他们不需要担心联合战略，只需要点他们喜欢的东西。因此，中国政府的外交宗旨是充满诚意和谈判空间的。
最重要的是，中国并不是一个主动寻求敌人的国家。然而,如果你真的想要一个名字,你可以命名任何其他国家作为中国的敌人,因为中国是否把别人当成敌人是一件事, 其他一些国家是否把中国当成敌人这是另一件事；第三件事是，哪些国家是成为中国敌人的最佳选择，从而使某些国家的利益最大化。

Collin Glover, studied at Weber State University (2017)
Originally Answered: Who is China's main enemy?
America of course. However, its not that we are their enemy as much as it is that we’re just in the way. China wants to be where we are on the global stage, and it can’t be there without us NOT being there.

当然是美国。然而，与其说我们是他们的敌人，不如说我们只是碍手碍脚。中国希望在全球舞台上取代我们所处的位置，如果我们不在那里，中国就不可能在那里。

Ye Wang
Originally Answered: Who are the enemies of China?
Some chinese likes Golbatchev is the biggest enemie of China.

一些中国人倾向于戈尔巴乔夫是中国最大的敌人。