为什么美国在移动无现金交易领域落后于中国？ [美国媒体]

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Why is the US behind China in moving to mobile cashless transactions?

为什么美国在移动无现金交易方面落后中国？


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Paul Denlinger Have lived in China Taiwan and Hong Kong; fluent in Mandarin (written spoken)  Answered Tue
Several reasons:

有以下几个原因：

When it comes to credit card transactions in the US the banks have more power than the US government. If they do not want to promote a competitor to credit cards they don’t and there is nothing which the government can do about it. In China the four leading banks are owned by the Chinese government and Chinese Communist Party and if Alibaba and Tencent convince the government that their payment solutions are better than anything offered by the banks then the Chinese government can tell the banks to promote them instead of their own branded debit and credit cards and there is nothing the banks can do.

在美国信用卡交易领域，银行比美国政府更有主导权。如果他们不想促进信用卡（交易）的竞争对手，他们不做，政府也毫无办法。不同的是，中国四大银行均由国家领导，如果阿里巴巴和腾讯可以让中国相信它们的支付解决方案优于银行提供的服务，中国会让银行去推广它们的方案，而不是去推广银行他们自己品牌的借记卡或者信用卡。银行对此没有反抗的余地。

The Chinese government wants China to become a leader in fintech and AI and is much more committed to its success than the US government.Chinese live in their mobile phones even more than Americans so it is natural to do everything in their mobile phones.。WeChat has become the dominant mobile superapp which most Chinese live in and it supports mobile transactions with its own payment solution.

中国希望将中国打造成为金融科技和人工智能的领导者，并且比美国政府更加热忱于实现该目标。生活在只使用手机的中国人要比美国人多得多，因此，使用手机来做很多事情也就很自然了。微信已经成为最主要的超级手机应用软件，大部分中国人在生活中都使用其自带的支付解决方案进行移动交易。

The diversified nature of the US political and banking ecosystem means it takes much longer to get something done inside the system. China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party and its overall aims for China so if it believes that mobile payment solutions are in China’s interests it will support them and can override other interests.  

美国政治和银行生态系统的多样性意味着要在其系统内完成某些事情需要花费更长的时间。中国受国家的总体目标主导，所以如果其认为移动支付方案符合中国利益的话，会不顾其他一切支持它们的发展。

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Carl JohnsonWed · 16 upvotes
I would sum it up as follows: The American government has and always will do what is best for big business not what is best for the American people.

我会将其总结如下：美国政府自始自终都在为大企业谋福利，而不是为美国人民。

China’s government does what is best for the overall society based on data. They have a particular focus on making things better for the people.

中国政府则运用数据做最有益于全社会的事。他们特别关注于如何改善民众的生活。

Thanks Paul

谢谢网友保罗。
 
Paul Denlinger  Wed · 16 upvotes
I would say it is because the Chinese government is more aware of what prevailing trends are likely to be.

我想说，这是因为中国更清楚什么是主流趋势。

For this reason they are more likely to reject old ways of doing things because they know that they will lose out to the new in the end. Better to reject it first and adopt the new.

因此，他们更乐于摒弃旧的处事方式。因为他们知道，旧的终将输给新的，最好的做法是去旧纳新。
 
Wenbin Wu works at Sony  Answered Wed
China didn’t go through the credit card 90s and this turned out to be an advantage to the country. Building a totally new system is much easier than destroying the old one and building a new one later.

没有经历90年代的信用卡竟然成了中国的优势。建立一个全新的系统要比在原有系统上打破重建新的体系要容易得多。

This can also be said for the UK Australia and other countries that went through the credit card revolution.

 这同样适用于英国、澳大利亚以及其他经历了信用卡革命的国家。

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Josef Shindler Game Design Lead (2016-present)  Answered Wed
Although the institutional situation in the United States positions it poorly for mobile cashless transactions there’s also not a lot of popular support for the most recent incarnation - for various reasons.

尽管美国的机构形势不利于移动无现金交易，但由于种种原因，也没有多少民众支持最近的版本。

Anecdote: I recently traveled to eastern Oregon a largely rural area that is not well connected to modern infrastructure. At the gas station I had four people in line ahead of me to buy a snack. Every person there used cash; prior to writing this answer I did a search on a hunch and the nearest bank is 50 miles away. Additionally my cell phone never got more than 2 bars of service within this area frequently being unusable.

轶事:我最近去了俄勒冈东部一个没什么现代基础设施的农村地区旅游。在加油站，在我的前面有四个人在排队买零食。那里的每个人都用现金;在写这个答案之前，我基于直觉做了一次搜索，发现这里最近的银行在50英里之外。此外，在这里我的手机信号从来没超过两格，还经常（因没信号）而无法使用。

There’s a couple of take-aways I want to quickly run down:

有几点我想快速说明一下：

The US population is not as concentrated as China and as a result it is more difficult to ensure that services and utilities are available (such as mobile service).

美国人口并不像中国那么集中，因此很难确保服务和公用事业(如移动服务)的可行度。

Many businesses have existing tools and services that handle payment - why buy a new box just to process phone transactions?

许多企业都有处理付款的工具和服务——为什么需要购买一个新工具来处理电话交易?

Without good infrastructure or tools it is very difficult to use many of the modern conveniences we take for granted - particularly if they are related to essential tasks such as payment.

如果没有良好的基础设施或工具，就很难使用那些我们认为理所当然的许多现代便利（设施或工具）——特别是当他们有诸如支付这样的基本功能。

The US has a culture that encourages suspicion of authority - the average person is less likely to trust an institution regardless of their background or the institution’s history.

美国有一种鼓励怀疑权威的文化——普通人不太可能信任一个机构，不管他们的背景或机构的历史如何。

There is an additional trust of technology and science that is prent even among urban citizens. This goes beyond the typical old-person-can’t-figure-out-electricity trope.

还有一种对技术和科学的信任，甚至在城市公民中也是如此。这个程度甚至超越了“老年人不会用电器”的典型比喻事例。

Many rural areas have recently proven they can put policy makers into power and these policy makers will not (assuming no overriding interest) build things that their constituents will not use.

许多农村地区最近已经证明，他们可以让那些政策制定者们拥有权力，而这些政策制定者不会(假设没有压倒一切的利益)构建他们的选民不会使用的东西。

As a result very few areas in the US proportional to the total users of financial services would benefit from having fully mobile transactions and as such we have neither popular nor business support for MCT.

因此，美国很少有与金融服务的总用户比例成比例的领域能够从完全的移动交易中受益，因此我们既不欢迎，也不支持MCT的业务。

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Katie Pedro former HR Director Asia at Kabam (2015-2017)          Answered Wed
US behind China in moving to mobile transaction because some conditions in place in China not in USA.

美国在移动交易方面落后于中国，因为中国有些其独有的、美国所不具备的条件。

A full spectrum of smart phones from expensive to very affordable ones are available in China market. Full cellular connection coverage to even more remote areas. Almost all shops and restaurants provides free wifi access. I don’t see free wifi in restaurants and shops often in US. These provide necessary infrastructure to use mobile payments.

1）你可以在中国市场上买到各种从高到可负担的价位的智能手机；并且中国的移动数据信号遍布所有偏远地区；几乎所有的商店和餐馆都提供免费的wifi，我在美国的餐馆和商店里（几乎）看不到免费的wifi。这些都为使用移动支付提供了必要的基础设施条件。

I don’t know how US consumers use PayPal. Chinese consumers used Alipay as online payment for eCommerce sites for more than 10 years. The consumers are pretty comfortable using Alipay as a form of payment. It is just one step away to take mobile payment from online to offline shopping. It comes natural. I wonder why it did not happen earlier.

2）我不知道美国消费者是如何使用贝宝（PayPal）的，但中国的消费者使用支付宝作为电子商务平台的支付方式已经有十多年了，对中国的消费者们而言支付宝是一种很舒适方便的支付手段。因此线上购物与线下购物之间只有一步之遥。很自然就产生了（线上购物）。我甚至不明白为什么这一切没早点发生。

Promotion competition incentives. Very first in-shop mobile payment start from supermarkets then quickly expanded to restaurants. Alibaba used to pay for supermarkets to erect a Alipay QR barcode at the checkout point like a form of advertisement. This quickly got WeChat to react and erect WeChat pay QR barcode too. The competition between Alipay and WeChat also dragged other apps such as groupon business Meituan Dianping Takeaway service apps etc into the fierce competition. Both mobile payments App also compete for consumers attention using various hooking methods such as random cash back lottery etc in order to pull the consumer to use mobile payment more. The competition attracted consumers to choose mobile payment as the primary choice of transaction.

3）另外，促销竞争的激励也是一大原因。 一开始，支付宝仅在超市中开展移动支付，随后迅速将这一业务扩展到餐馆中。以广告的形式，阿里巴巴曾经创建并把支付宝的二维码摆在超市的收银台上（供消费者扫码支付）。这一举动立刻遭到了微信的回击，它们也创建了二维码。二者之间的竞争也导致了其他团购和外卖app（例如美团、大众点评等）采取同样的方式进行激烈的竞争。以上提到的两种支付app还通过其他挂钩的奖励来吸引消费者使用移动支付，例如随机的现金返现等。这就导致了消费者在支付时往往会首先选择移动支付方式。

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Chinese consumers are more engrossed with smartphones. Younger generation always have smart phones on hand not in the purse or pocket. I don’t see Americans always holding/playing with a cell phone while walking around shopping or eating at the restaurants. But Chinese do. It is more socially acceptable behavior to play cellphone when in a social gathering in China. Such behavior makes difference. You don’t have to fish for your cellphone in the purse in order to pay. Cellphone is on hand wallet in the purse. In US both cellphone and wallets are in purse or pocket. It is easier for Chinese to use cellphone on hand than using credit card in the wallet which is in the purse. Not true for Americans.

中国消费者更喜欢智能手机。年轻一代总是智能手机不离手，而不是（将手机放在）钱包或口袋。我不认为美国人在逛街或在餐馆吃饭时总是手里拿着手机玩。但中国人这么做。在中国的社交聚会上玩手机是一种社会上可以接受的行为。这种行为造就差异。你不必为了付钱而把手机放在钱包里。手机就是你的掌上钱包。在美国，手机和钱包都放在皮包或口袋里。对中国人来说用手上的手机付钱比用钱包里的信用卡更方便简单。这点不适用于美国人。

Yu’e Bao. Yu’e Bao is the money market fund accessed directly from Alipay. The fund is managed by Tianhong Fund management. Consumers can make a mobile payment directly from Yu’e Bao. It doesn’t require a transfer from Yu’e Bao to Alipay wallet before payment. So it works just like cash. While the spare cash sitting in Yu’e Bao it yields a return around 4% (+/-) capital guaranteed. Yu’e Bao provides great incentive for people to put their petty cash in and use Alipay as their primary payment of choice. Every dollar once sitting idle in the pocket now earning 4% annual return for you just by using Yu’e Bao/Alipay.

余额宝。余额宝是可直接从支付宝接入的货币市场基金。该基金由天弘基金管理公司管理。消费者可以直接用余额宝移动支付。支付前，它不需要你将余额宝（里面的金额）转到支付宝钱包内。它的运作跟现金一样。而基金担保余额宝的闲置现金回报率约为4%(+ / -)。余额宝激励了人们将其拥有的小额现金投入余额宝，并将支付宝作为他们的首选支付方式。只要你使用余额宝/支付宝，现在口袋里的每一块钱都能给你带来4%的年回报率。

In summary readily available wifi Alipay/WeChat competition consumer behavior difference and mobile payment bundled with money market investment make mobile payment more embraced in China than in the US.

综上所述，使用WiFi不困难、支付宝/微信之间的竞争、消费者行为差异和与货币市场投资捆绑的移动支付使得移动支付在中国比在美国更受欢迎。

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Min Yan PhD from University of Chicago     Answered Wed
Chinese government considers mobile connection to be basic infrastructure similar to road and electricity. The major Chinese mobile service companies are all state owned and the government mandated them to cover all the populated area of China at a huge loss if necessary. Any Chinese company can safely assume that all the customers have satisfactory mobile access.

中国认为移动通信是像道路和电力一样的基础设施。中国主要的移动运营供应商都是国有企业，如有必要中国会强制运营商不惜耗费巨资覆盖所有人口稀少的地区。中国任何一家运营商都自认能满足所有用户的使用需求。

The ubiquitous mobile connection makes lots of business ventures possible in China. The similar business ideas would be much harder to implement in many other countries. Cashless transaction is only part (although the most visible one) of this.

这样无所不在的移动通讯使得很多企业得以在中国进行发展。然而相似的经营理念却难以在其他国家实施。无现金交易（虽是最显眼的一部分）只是这种经营理念的一部分。

Some cites the incumbent interest in US such as credit card companies. I believe even if the same incumbent interest existed in China the mobile based business would develop faster than US. In fact the incumbent Chinese ATM system 银联 unxpay was rather short sighted in not collaborating with Alibaba and Tencent in the early days and the technology companies had to go through painful negotiations with individual banks. The result is that with the backing of government China will introduce 网联 (Netpay?) in 2018 for all the internet money transactions. The short sighted unxpay lost the chance to dominate the internet.

有人提出引用了信用卡公司在美国受到的重视。我相信即使中国存在相同的现有利益，以移动支付为基础的商业也会发展得比美国快。实际上中国现行的ATM系统（银联）在早期未和阿里巴巴与腾讯合作是相当目光短浅的，技术公司不得不与各个银行进行繁杂的商讨以达成合作。如此的结果就是2018年，在中国的支持下将借用网联进行网络现金交易。目光短浅的银联则与主导互联网的机会失之交臂。

The internet finance is a typical example how some technology can develop faster in China than US.

互联网金融是某些技术在中国能比在美国发展更快的典型例子。