谁是俄罗斯最亲密最重要的盟友？ [美国媒体]

Who are Russia's closest and most important allies?

谁是俄罗斯最亲密最重要的盟友？




David Trapp, former Turbine Engine Specialist
Answered Mar 24 ? Upvoted by Amir Davis, Military Officer, War Veteran.
Most important strategic allies:
India
China
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Iran
Syria
Countries with strong diplomatic ties to Russia:
North Korea (Russia's Love Affair With North Korea)
Cuba (Cuba strongly supported Russia's position in the 2008 South Ossetian war)
Serbia (Why Serbia is Strengthening its Alliance with Russia)
Vietnam (Exclusive: U.S. asks Vietnam to stop helping Russian bomber flights)
Laos (What’s Behind Russia’s New Nuclear Pact With Laos?)
Cambodia (Cambodia: Russia's Gateway to ASEAN?)
Thailand (Why Thailand is boosting ties with Russia and China | Asia | DW.COM | 08.04.2015)
Greece (Nato’s united front under threat after Greece signs arms deal with Russia )
Spain (Spain ‘betrays NATO allies’ hosting Russian warships – oh, really?)
Uganda Russia returns to Africa amid increasing isolation
Algeria Algeria buys Russian arms but keeps Moscow at arm's length
Malaysia Malaysia: US Loses Another Key Ally in Asia Pacific Region
Egypt How Russia Just Nabbed Egypt as a Military Ally, Out From Under the US' Nose

Mass survey / Public poll: Which countries do you consider as allies?
Russia and India have been close allies for many decades. The two countries have a formal declaration of strategic partnership that applies to political relations, counter-terrorism, defense, nuclear energy and space exploration.
China and Russia have become close since the Soviet Union was dissolved. As of 2014, they have not declared a formal alliance, but trade is strong between the two countries, particularly in military hardware. China has also formally declared its support for Russia's annexation of Crimea.
Russia has a formal alliance with Belarus entitled the Union of Russia and Belarus. This joins the two countries in a similar manner to members of a federation. As of 2014, Russia still has ties with some former Soviet Union states by way of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

最重要的战略盟友：
印度
中国
白俄罗斯
哈萨克斯坦
伊朗
叙利亚

和俄罗斯拥有良好外交关系的国家：
朝鲜
古巴
塞尔维亚
越南
老挝
柬埔寨
泰国
希腊
西班牙
乌干达
阿尔及利亚
马来西亚
埃及

俄罗斯和印度几十年来一直是亲密盟友。两国正式宣布建立战略伙伴关系，包括政治关系，反恐，防卫，核能和太空探索等领域。
中国和俄罗斯在苏联解体后才变得亲密。自2014年以来，他们还没宣布建立正式的联盟关系，但是两国的贸易关系很强劲，特别是军备贸易。中国还正式宣布支持俄罗斯吞并克里米亚。
俄罗斯和白俄罗斯建立了联盟，叫做“俄白联盟”，类似于一个联邦的两个成员国。自2014年开始，俄罗斯通过独联体依然同前苏联国家保有关系。

Thomas Hulbert, Creative Language Consultant at American Language Consulting (2000-present)
Answered Sep 28
To paraphrase a quote by Alexander III, “Russia has only two allies - its army and its navy.’’
It is probably important to distinguish between allies, trading partners and countries with which Russia has strong cultural ties.
Almost all the ‘allies’ that have been listed in this thread are trading partners of one kind or another. Some have better / longer histories of cooperation with Russia than others.
As for countries with which Russia has strong cultural ties - these would probably include the nation states of the Orthodox Christian world - Ukraine, Greece, Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Belarus and a few others. It is interesting to note that Russia doesn’t always have strong economic ties to these nations and with some - with the Ukraine and Georgia most notably - there has been a tragic diplomatic falling out due to conflicting political allegiances and agendas.
Despite political events, the Russian people strongly identify with Ukrainians and Georgians and consider them brothers. This is one reason that the upsetting events that have created division between Russia and these nations is even more bitter for Russians.
But, as Ronald Reagan once said, “People don’t start wars, governments do.”

改述亚历山大三世的一句话，“俄罗斯只有两个盟友——其陆军和海军。”
有必要区分盟友，贸易伙伴和有较强文化联系的国家。
其他网友所列举的俄罗斯盟友中，几乎都只是俄罗斯的贸易伙伴而已，只不过在程度和时间长度上有所差异。
而对于和俄罗斯拥有较强文化联系的国家——包括东正教基督教世界的国家——乌克兰，希腊，罗马尼亚，塞尔维亚，马其顿，保加利亚，格鲁吉亚，白俄罗斯，还有一些其他国家。值得注意的是，俄罗斯不总是和这些国家拥有强劲的经济关系，而由于政治原因，俄罗斯与乌克兰和格鲁吉亚等国产生了外交纠纷。
虽然存在政治纠纷，俄罗人依然强烈认同乌克兰人和格鲁吉亚人，把他们当兄弟。也正因为如此，俄罗斯和这些国家之间产生分裂更令俄罗斯人感到痛心。
但是，正如里根曾经说过的，“发起战争的不是人民，而是政府。”

Yevseyev Leonid, Software Engineer (2015-present)
Updated Aug 30
Russian army
Russian fleet
Russian air forces
Russian nukes
Oh, you mean other states? They are not nearly as important. China is strong and important, but not close, and never will be. Ukraine was very close, but well… sh*t happened. Belarus and Kazakhstan are only countries that somewhat fit criteria, but, again, they are incomparable to top 4 allies I mentioned. And there are a lot of China’s influence in Kazakhstan.
There are also India, we have mutually profitable relationship with it, but it isn’t realy an alliance.
In regards of allies, our attitude is very similar to that of UK: 
“ We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow...” - Henry John Temple
EDIT
Just to clarify - I am regular Russian guy, no ties to military or politics. This answer is my unprofessional but honest opinion.

分别是俄罗斯陆军，俄罗斯海军，俄罗斯空军，俄罗斯的核武器。
哦，你指的是其他国家？它们远没有这些重要。中国强大而重要，但不亲密，永远也不会亲密。之前和乌克兰的关系倒是很亲密，后来发生了那事。白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦倒是很符合这个标准，但是和我上面提到的那四个盟友没得比。而且中国在哈萨克斯坦富有影响力。
还有印度，和俄罗斯有互惠互利的关系，但也算不上是盟友。在盟友这个问题上，我们的态度和英国类似：
“我们没有永远的盟友，也没有永远的敌人。我们的利益才是永恒的，我们的责任就是追逐利益。。。”—— 亨利?约翰?坦普尔
说明：我是普通俄罗斯人，不涉军事和政治。我的观点不专业但诚实。

Gabriel Chan, Ich bin ein Realpolitiker
Updated Nov 5, 2015
India, without a doubt. They have each other's backs. Their relationship has always been seen as the parallel of the China-Pakistan brotherhood.
MILITARY
India is Russia's biggest consumer of military exports. India provides "user feedback" for Russian military, because India fights lots of wars and is a heavy user of Russian equipment.
They also co-operate on many projects together, most importantly the Brahmos missile and the 5th generation stealth fighter. Russia provides lots of assistance to India's space programme. 
Significantly, Russia (USSR) was also there during the pivotal 1971 Indo-Pak War to secure India from Western intervention. Russia and India regularly have exercises together. 
When Indian Air Force went to the US for a joint exercise, they were very careful with their planes, out of respect for their Russian allies, because any replacement parts would have to be shipped to the US.

毫无疑问是印度。他们互相支持。他们之间的关系被看成是中巴那样的关系。
军事上：
印度是俄罗斯最大的军事出口消费国。印度为俄罗斯军事提供“用户反馈”，因为印度打了很多战争，大量使用俄罗斯装备。
他们还合作了很多项目，最重要的就是布拉莫斯导弹和第五代隐形战机，俄罗斯为印度的太空计划提供了很多帮助。
俄罗斯（苏联）还在关键的1971年印巴战争中保护印度免遭西方干涉。俄罗斯和印度经常举行联合演习。
当印度空军前往美国进行联合演习时，出于对盟友俄罗斯的尊重，他们非常小心自己的飞机，因为任何的备件都得运输到美国。

ECONOMIC
India trusts Russia enough to let them co-develop oil fields in the Bay of Bengal. Russia trusts India enough to provide nuclear power plants to them.
India and Russia have or are working on some free trade agreement that would include Russia's closest ex-Soviet partners, Kazakhstan and Belarus. This would be one of the largest free trade agreements in the world.
DIPLOMATIC
Whenever India is in shit at the UN, the Russian/USSR veto is there to block that shit... enough said :)
India has also stood by Russia's side during controversial times, lately the Ukrainian/Crimean Crisis. Look at the international reactions, and you see the usual suspects... and then INDIA, which was the first major country to recognize the annexation of Crimea and have abstained a resolution on the territorial integrity of Ukraine.
CULTURE
Russian imperialism never reached the borders of India, being politically and militarily blocked by British ambitions, and physically blocked by Afghanistan. India was a major force in the non-alignment movement (the "Third World"), but implicitly favoured the Soviet sphere of influence. Russia and India have stood consistently on the same side of history.
Indians are in love with Russian culture, especially its academic output. Indians (and South Asians in general, like my people) have a high emphasis on education. Russian advances in science and technology is greatly admired.
And Russia is one of the biggest consumer of Bollywood movies outside the South Asian world... go figure :)

经济上：
印度信任俄罗斯，一起开发孟加拉湾油田。俄罗斯信任印度，为印度建设核电站。
印俄在开展自由贸易协议，囊括俄罗斯亲密的前苏联伙伴——哈萨克斯坦和白俄罗斯。这将是世界上最大的自由贸易协议之一。
外交上：
当印度在联合国遇到麻烦时，俄罗斯/苏联就会使用否决权。
印度也帮助俄罗斯，比如最近的乌克兰/克里米亚危机。印度是第一个承认吞并克里米亚的大国，并且在有关乌克兰领土完整的决议上放弃投票。
文化上：
俄罗斯帝国主义从未来到印度边境，因为在政治和军事上被英国隔绝了，而在地理上被阿富汗隔绝了。印度是不结盟运动的重要一员，但是暗中站在苏联阵营一边。俄罗斯和印度总是站在历史的同一边。
印度人深爱俄罗斯文化，特别是其学术输出。印度人（以及南亚人，就像我的同胞）重视教育。俄罗斯在科技上的先进深受印度人敬佩。
而俄罗斯是南亚之外最爱看宝莱坞电影的国家之一。。。自己想想吧。