在美国1/14的孩子就有父母一方在监狱中 [美国媒体]

One in 14 Children in U.S. Has Had a Parent in Jail or Prison

在美国1/14的孩子中有一位父母在监狱

A new study finds that with mass incarceration, the number of children left behind is also on the rise.

 一项新研究显示，大规模监禁之后，被遗留下来的儿童人数也在上升。 

【日期】2015年10月27日

Among the pernicious collateral damage of mass incarceration is the devastation it causes in the lives of children who lose parents to prison. A new study from research firm Child Trends finds that the problem has reached troubling proportions, with one out of every 14 American children having one parent who is currently, or has previously been incarcerated. The numbers are a direct consequence of our system of over-incarceration;, America jails more of its citizens than any other country on Earth, in both raw numbers and by population percentage.

大量的监禁带来的附加损害是孩子们因父母入狱健康的生活被破坏。一份关于孩子成长的研究报告发现，这类事件的比例已经达到了一个令人不安的高度。在美国每14个孩子就有一位有直系亲属正在服刑，或曾经入狱。这个数字对我们的的监禁系统带来的一个最直观的结果就是：美国的监狱，比起地球上其他任何一个国家，关押了最多的国民，不论是从关押的总人数上还是所占比例上都拔头筹。

According to a Child Trends report released this morning, more than five million American children—or 7 percent of all of the country’s youth—has had a parent who lives with them spend time in prison or jail. The vast majority of those incarcerated parents, a staggering 99 percent, are fathers.

据今早发布的一份儿童成长趋势报告显示，五百多万美国儿童——或者说本国百分之7的年轻人——有或有过父母一方在成长期间蹲监狱的。这些被关押的父母中，百分之99的是父亲。

For black children, parental incarceration rates are even more troubling. The new study finds that one out of every nine black children under the age of 18 has a parent who is, or has been, in prison or jail. Other children disproportionately affected include poor children, children without a parent educated beyond high school and children living in rural areas.

对黑人儿童来说，父母入狱率更高。这份新研究报告显示，在18岁以下的黑人孩子里，每九个人中就有一个父母中的一方，要么被关进监狱要么正在服刑。其他儿童不均衡比例的影响还有贫困儿童，生活在农村地区没有父母教育的儿童学历鲜少上过高中。

Many children who have experienced parental incarceration often face other adverse childhood experiences. Per the report:

很多父母入狱的孩子童年期都有过不好的经历，报告罗列如下：

●More than half had lived with someone who had a substance abuse problem, compared with less than 10 percent among children with no parental incarceration.

一多半和别人生活的孩子有滥用药物的问题，而父母均无入狱情况的孩子这一比例低于百分之十

●Nearly 3 in 5 had experienced parental divorce or separation, compared with 1 in 5 among children without parental incarceration.

五分之三的孩子经历过父母离婚或分居，而未有父母入狱经历的孩子中这比例只有五分之一

●More than one-third had witnessed violence between their parents or guardians, and one-third had witnessed or experienced violence in their neighborhood. Less than 10 percent of those without an incarcerated parent had experienced either one.

超过三分之一的孩子遭受过父母一方或者监护人的暴力行为，而三分之一的孩子，他们的邻居目睹过暴力或看到过暴力迹象。未有入狱经历的孩子这一比例少于百分之十。

●More than 1 in 4 had lived with someone who was mentally ill or suicidal, and nearly 1 in 10 had experienced the death of a parent.

超过四分之一比例的孩子是和精神病病或自杀倾向的人生活，十分之一的人经历过父母某一方的死亡

Studies show that parental incarceration can impact children’s emotional, social, mental health and education outcomes, particularly for children at younger ages. Researchers found that children age 6-11 are 9 percent more likely to experience difficulties in school than their peers who have not experienced parental incarceration (44 percent versus 35 percent). The numbers were similar for kids between the ages of 12 and 17 (43 versus 35 percent). Similarly, researchers write that younger school-age children “with an incarcerated parent were 9 points more likely to have emotional difficulties (73 versus 64 percent likelihood)” than other children.

研究表明，父母入狱会影响儿童的情绪，社交，心理健康以及教育，尤其是对低年龄段的孩子。研究人员发现，在6到11岁的儿童，比起同校没有父母入狱经历的孩子，遇到困难的可能性要高出百分之九，（百分之44比百分之35）。这个比例在12到17岁的孩子身上也差不多（百分之43比百分之35）。同样，研究人员写道，父母某方入狱的低龄学童比起正常家庭的孩子在情绪方面遇到问题也要高除暴分之9（73%比64%）

Read the full Child Trends report.

看看下面这份完整的儿童成长分析报告数据表
 


上图表标题内容：
有超过500万美国孩子的父母进过监狱
这些孩子有极大可能存在隐藏的心理创伤