到目前为止，世界历史上在战场使用过的最不寻常的心理战战术是什么？ [美国媒体]

What is the most extraordinary psychological war tactic that has been used on a battlefield in world history so far?

到目前为止，世界历史上在战场使用过的最不寻常的心理战战术是什么？



Matthew Johannes, Freelance Writer at Blogging
Updated Feb 26 · Author has 76 answers and 332.5k answer views
The Bayonet Charge
It’s not what you would think. When you picture a bayonet charge in the 18th or early 19th century you probably imagine soldiers sprinting toward the enemy line with bayonets lowered, yelling and screaming. The reality is both much more intimidating and much more bizarre.

有些事情和你想的不太一样。当你想画一幅画展现十八或十九世纪初的士兵向敌人战线发起刺刀冲锋时的场面时，你画中的他们可能会正压低刺刀，大喊和尖叫。但现实往往更可怕和更离奇。

In the American Revolutionary war, the bayonet charge was a tactic that the redcoats often used successfully to break the less organized American militias. Imagine yourself as an american farmer turned minuteman and your town is raided by the British army. You grab your long rifle and head out to the village green with your comrades to make a stand against the rapidly approaching redcoats. When the redcoats reach the field they line up in ranks and exchange fire with you.

在美国独立战争中，刺刀冲锋是一种通常被英国士兵成功地用来瓦解组织不那么严密的美国民兵的战术。想象你自己是一个美国农民，刚刚成功转职成为独立战争时临时应召的民兵。你的城镇被英国军队突袭。你拿起你的长枪，和你的战友们一起到村落广场去，与那些迅速逼近的英国士兵短兵相接。当英军士兵到达战场后，他们排成一排与你交火。

A few men on both sides are cut down by the musket balls and a heavy veil of smoke hangs over the village making it hard for you to see the line of your crimson enemies.

两边的几个人被步枪弹丸轰翻在地，浓烟笼罩着村庄，使你很难看到你深红色敌人（指身穿红色军服的英军）的阵线。

Suddenly you hear the officer shout a command, “Fix Bayonets men, for God and King George!” There is a rattle of steel as the redcoats prepare their weapons, moment of silence, and then they advance, not running wildly but marching swiftly toward you in well maintained formation. Their bayonets are lowered, a hedge of cold steel and as they advance the soldiers chant, with ferocious confidence, their terrible war cry over and over, “God save the king, god save the king, god save the king!” When they are almost upon you the officer shouts, “No quarter, men, give them steel!” You throw down your rifle and run toward the forest.

突然，你听到军官大喊命令：“为了上帝和乔治陛下，上刺刀！”。当英军士兵准备好他们的武器会发出一声巨响，沉默片刻后开始前进。他们不是狂奔，而是以良好的队形快速向你逼近。他们的刺刀被放下，形成一片钢铁丛林当他们前进时，士兵们信心充沛地高唱着他们可怕的战争口号，一遍又一遍：“神佑吾王，神佑吾王，神佑吾王！”。（英国爱国歌曲《神佑女王》的歌词，建议搜索欣赏）当他们快追上你时，你听到军官高喊：“不要手软伙计们，弄死他们！”。你扔掉你的步枪朝森林里跑去。



When I was a little kid at a living history camp a reenactor actually performed this alone on us to show us what it was like and even though I knew I was in no danger we all turned and ran almost as if we couldn’t help ourselves. Of course we were little kids but it does go to show how the bayonet charge while seeming kind of silly to an outsider, could be terrifying to those on the receiving end.

当我还是个小孩儿的时候，在一个“鲜活历史夏令营”里，一位历史重现演员单独为我们表演了这个，向我们展示它是什么样子的。即使我知道我不会有任何危险，但我们所有人几乎都像我一样转身逃跑了，似乎我们并不能控制住自己一样。当然，我们当时还只是些孩子，但这确实表明虽然刺刀冲锋在局外人看来有点愚蠢，但对那些面对这些的人来说是多么的可怕。 

The terror must have been enhanced in the revolution since the charge was such a concrete projection of the British Empire’s power and authority in the same way as hangings and martial law. It was the spirit of Britain’s order and power made flesh on the field of battle and must have struck a deep psychological nerve among the American fighters.

在革命中这种恐惧被极大增强了。因为冲锋是大英帝国能量和滔天权势的直接投影，其效果和绞刑架和戒严法令相当。，以同样的方式为绞刑和戒严。英国这种在战场上制造了无数血肉的秩序和权力的意志，一定深深地触动了美国士兵的心理神经。

EDIT: Interesting aside. Apparently during the few incidences where bayonets were fixed during the Iraq war it was almost always an engagement involving British soldiers. It seems the Redcoat spirit lives on. :)

编辑：这真的很有趣。显然，在伊拉克战争期间少数发起过刺刀战的战斗几乎总是有英国士兵牵涉其中。看来红色意志在今天仍然存在着：)

Bas Leijser, likes to read about history and visit historical places
Answered Sep 16 2017 · Author has 251 answers and 8.2m answer views
Imagine that your castle has been under siege for five years now. Food and water are running out and the situation is looking more hopeless by the day.

想象一下你的城堡已经被围困五年，食物和水都快用光了，现在的情况似乎正越来越绝望。

You look outside and you see the enemy still encamped there. Campfires are burning and the smell of roasted meat slowly drifts your way. Siege towers and trebuchets form an ever-present threat on the horizon.

你探身望去，看到敌人还在那里扎营。营火熊熊燃烧，弥漫在空气中的烤肉的味道慢慢地飘向你的身边。围城塔和圆石在地平线上形成了一个永远存在的威胁。

You ask your men to gather all the food that remains so you can take stock. There isn’t much. Some wheat, a few pigs and a bit of cheese. One man has started eating rats, but you don’t want to go there just yet.

你命令你的手下收集所有剩下的食物供你清点。但发现真正可用的并没有太多。一些小麦，几头猪和一点奶酪。有一个人开始吃老鼠，但你不还不想走到那一步。

Disease is running rampant among your men and the day of surrender draws near. So, what do you do?
Well, you could feed the wheat to a pig and throw it over the ramparts.

疾病在你们的人群中横行，投降的日子越发临近了。此时此刻，你有什么打算？哦好吧，你可以把小麦喂给猪然后把它们丢到城外去。

According to a famous legend, this is what Lady Carcas did during the siege of Carcassonne,[1] a town in Southern France. The enemy, believing that the castle had so much food left that they could afford to lose a fat pig, lifted the siege and left.

根据一个着名的传说，这是卡卡斯夫人在卡卡松之围——法国南部的一个小镇卡尔卡松时所做的事情。此举让敌人相信城堡里还有很多的食物，所以城中的人完全可以熬到战争结束。以一只肥猪的代价就成功让敌人解除了围攻并离开了。

Although historians now believe this story is at least partly fictional (Charlemagne, the besieger, was nowhere near Carcassonne at the time[2]), there are other cases in history where similar tricks of psychological warfare were used.

虽然历史学家现在认为这个故事至少有部分是虚构的(作为当时围攻者的查理曼当时根本不在卡卡松附近[2])，但历史上还有其他类似的使用了心理战的诡计 。

For example, the Greek philosopher Bias of Priene reportedly fattened up two mules and drove them out of the besieged city[3]. This fooled the besiegers to the point where they sent an envoy into the city to look at their food supply. The defenders had made piles of sand and covered them with corn, which was enough to convince them.

例如，希腊哲学家，普里恩的拜厄斯据说把两头骡子喂胖，并把它们赶出被围困的城市[3]。这招成功的骗到了围困者。他们派了一名特使到城市中看他们的食物供应。而城中的人已经把把苞米堆在砂石上面骗过了使者。

Throwing your last good food at the enemy while you’re already starving to death, sounds pretty badass to me.

当你快要饿死的时候，还把你最后的好食物扔给敌人，我觉得这招儿很糟糕。