中国历史上发生过哪些最疯狂或最让人印象深刻的事情？ [美国媒体]

I am watching a series that talks about world history and I am very impressed by China. This wealthy and powerful nation must have been part of the craziest events in human history! I'm thinking about things that kings(emperors) and nobles did that could make history appear funnier to a student. I will be happy if you can tell me facts to impress my friends or my schoolmates. whaddya know?

我最近在看一个讲世界历史的节目，而我对中国历史的印象非常深刻。这个富饶而又强大的国度一定算得上是人类历史上最疯狂事件的一部分了。我一直在想有哪些国王（皇帝）和贵族做的事情使得历史对于一个学生来说更有趣了呢？如果有谁能告诉我一些能让我的朋友或校友印象深刻的事，我会很开心的。你们知道哪些事呢？


[–]JKrouss_ 17  
Not sure if this is what you're looking for but the Taiping Rebellion had a guy claiming to be Jesus's brother.

评论1：不太确定这个是不是你在找的东西：太平天国时期有一个家伙自称是耶稣的兄弟。

[–]SploonTheDude 8  
And then he conducted a civil war that as killed as many people as the population of Tokyo.

然后他发动了一场内战，导致死了东京人口那么多的人。

[–]Dix-b-floppin 4  
I wrote my dissertation on the British General Charles Gordon who was involved in putting down the rebellion. Definitely a fascinating period of Chinese history.

我写的论文就是关于英国将军查尔斯-戈登的，他参与了镇压天平天国叛乱的活动。那段时期无疑是中国历史上一段精彩迷人的时期。

[–][deleted] 4  
There's a GREAT book on this called God's Chinese Son. Fascinating story. This guy invented an entire military doctrine and recruited millions of followers behind his quest to crown himself Heavenly King, all while banning sexual intercourse (can you believe it??)

关于这个人有一本很棒的书叫《上帝的中国儿子》，是个很有趣的故事。这个人发明了一个完整的军事教条，并且在自立为王后招募了数百万的追随者，同时他还禁止人们性交（你敢相信吗？？）

[–]SploonTheDude 6  
The Conflict of Red Cliff. One of my favorite wars of all time, how an alliance of Two Kingdoms were pitted against a severely larger army of a Warlord named Cao Cao, and by brilliant strategical efforts and sheer genius and bravery they were able to defeat one of the most powerful warlords of the Han period. It also made an extremely kick-ass movie, so you can check that one out.

评论2：赤壁之战。有史以来我最喜欢的战争之一，是关于两国联盟如何与一个名为曹操的军阀旗下的极其庞大的军队进行了对抗的故事，他们凭借出色的战略力量，纯粹的天才和勇气，击败了汉朝时期最强大的军阀之一。还有人根据这个故事拍了一个非常不错的电影，你可以找来看一看。

[–]sparky_sparky_boom 15  
Zheng He's treasure voyages is also pretty impressive. In the early 1400s the Ming dynasty was making trade expeditions in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. The European age of discovery wouldn't start about 50 years later when the Portuguese started exploring the west coast of Africa.These treasure voyages were massive fleets made of hundreds of ships, the largest of which were twice as large as anything Europe had at the time. Over the course of the voyages Ming China reached as far as the East coast of Africa and even interfered with a civil war in Sri Lanka. After the last voyage the new Ming emperor decided it was a waste of money and had them all burned. Who knows how world history would have played out if China had continued its voyages instead of turning inwards and cutting itself off from the world.

评论3：郑和下西洋的故事也令人印象很深刻。在明代初期，明朝在东南亚和印度洋进行贸易考察。而欧洲的大发现时代在葡萄牙开始探索非洲西海岸后才开始，比郑和晚了大约50年。这些航行有数百艘船组成了巨大舰队，其中最大的船只是当时欧洲最大船只的两倍。在航程过程中，明代中国到达了非洲东海岸，甚至干扰了斯里兰卡的内战。在最后一次航行之后，明朝新皇帝觉得这是在浪费金钱并将这些船全部烧毁了。如果中国继续这个航行，而不是闭关锁国，世界历史将会如何发挥还真不好说呢。

[–]Caladbolg_Prometheus 3  
Out of curiosity why didn't he instead mothball the fleet?

很好奇，他为什么不把舰队搁置起来就好了（反而烧了呢）？

[–]sparky_sparky_boom 2  
The records of what actually happened are unclear. Some sources say they just sat around until they rotted away, others say that the were actually burned by a rival government official.

实际发生事情的记录尚不明确。有消息说，他们只是把船扔在一边，直到腐烂，还有人说，实际上是由一个与郑和对立的政府官员烧毁的。

[–]caesar15 4  
Not like you're ever going to need that fleet, extra ducats make it worth it.

不说你需不需要这个舰队了，就凭这个航行挣了钱就说明养这个舰队是值得的。

[–]Cativellauni 2  
Besides, you're only a year away from new diplomatic advancements that give you new ships, so you might as well spend a year saving money and then order a brand new fleet instead of un-mothballing and upgrading your current fleet.

此外，距离能提供新船的新外交政策只需一年的时间，所以为什么不妨花一年时间节省开支，然后订购一支全新的舰队，而不是搁置现有舰队或升级旧舰队。

[–]Hito65[S] 2  
I think that if China didn't have the 'advantage' of having all the goods that were needed and therefore not needing to trade with other nations we'd have seen the New World discovered by them.

评论4：我觉得如果中国不是因为具备自给自足的“优势”而不需要与其他国家进行贸易的话，或许发现新大陆的就是他们了。

[–]christorino 6  
More to it than that. The distance between China and the new world is a heck of a lot further than that from western Europe to it. Also China had no need to go east. If you went south you get into tropical illnesses and hostile tribes in Indonesia and Philippines with largely untouched resources that'd require too much time and money to extract. Same reason oz wasn't discovered by the Chinese despite their ability to go that far, according to them there was nothing. Added the fact all their neighbours came to them as you said.

我觉得不会。中国与新大陆（指美洲）之间的距离远远超过西欧与新大陆的距离。中国也没有向东航行的需求。而如果你向南航行，你会在有着丰富资源的印度尼西亚和菲律宾遇到热带病和敌对部落，这会消耗太多时间和金钱。同样的原因澳大利亚也没有被中国人发现，尽管他们有能力走得那么远，而根据他们的记录，则说那里什么都没有。再加上你所说的当时他们所有的邻国都来朝贡他们的事实，因此也没这个必要出去探索。

[–]realmei 1  
I'm not sure what you mean since actually the Chinese traders did go to the Philippines. The Philippines has produced gold since ancient times which is a good reason for traders to go there, in fact it has the second largest gold deposit in the world.

我不确定你说的什么意思，但是中国商人确实去过菲律宾。菲律宾自古以来就开始盛产黄金，这是商人们去那里的很好的理由，实际上那里有着世界第二大金矿。

[–]christorino 1  
Ah apologies I meant in the sense that the numerous tribes and kingdoms that existed before the Europeans arrived, meant trade was as far as things were taken. They had rich deposits of gold for sure so worthwhile but never any successful or proper attempt at colonising or forceful control in the area. China liked to go with the tributary system but could only properly enforce on its close neighbours

啊，抱歉。我的意思是，在欧洲人到达之前，那里就存在众多部落和王国，意味着贸易一直都存在着。他们当然拥有丰富的黄金储藏，所以很值得去，但从来没有形成任何成功的殖民或者强有力的控制。中国更喜欢的是朝贡体系，但也只能威慑住它的邻国罢了。

[–]realmei 1  
Oh you were talking about invading the Philippines? China was probably too busy with the closer countries like Vietnam and Korea to bother trying to conquer the Philippines.

哦，你是说入侵菲律宾？可能中国正忙于征服越南、朝鲜等比较近的国家吧。

[–]christorino 1  
Yup. What drove the Europeans is a lack of these types of resources that sent them on that voyage to the new world in order to find India. China had all the special and luxurious resources on her doorstep and was unchallenged so no need to explore. When the Mongols invaded Vietnam it failed miserably in its jungles and climate. Believe they tried the Philippines or Indonesia too with same success.

说得很对。驱使欧洲人探索海洋的原因就是因为他们缺乏这些类型的资源，所以他们在寻找印度的途中进入了新大陆。中国本身就拥有所有特殊和豪华的资源，并且没有受到挑战，因此不需要向外探索。当蒙古人入侵越南时，因为那里的丛林和气候惨遭失败。相信他们也尝试过去征服菲律宾或印度尼西亚，结果也是一样的。

[–]BellevueR 3  
The legendary eunuch!

传奇般的太监！

[–]pzivan 10  
I find Song Dynasty city life is quite interesting, there were books about the shops in the capital Kaifeng, they had take away restaurants, shops that sells ice lollies and icy drinks, shops that sells cat food and dog food for pets. And food were transported into the city at night, one book stated that tens of thousands of pigs were brought into Kaifeng every night, butchers will sell the meat in the morning, and at night, they will convert their shops into food stalls.

评论5：我发现宋朝的城市生活很有趣，有一些书描述了首都开封的商店，当时他们就有餐馆提供外卖服务了，还有卖冰棍和冰镇饮料的商店，以及出售猫狗食品的宠物食品商店。食物在晚上被运到城里，有一本书里说，每天晚上有成千上万的猪被带到开封，屠夫在早上卖肉，而晚上他们会把肉铺变成食品摊。

[–]pzivan 2  
And there was a sport called Cuju, which is kind of similar to football with some different rules, and there were cuju clubs and national championships.

而且有一项名为蹴鞠的运动，有点类似于有着不同规则的足球运动，当时还有蹴鞠俱乐部和全国锦标赛。

[–]theViking98 2  
Can you list any of the books you mentioned? They would be a very interesting read.

你能列出你提到的任何书的名字吗？ 它们会是非常有趣的读物。

[–]pzivan 3  Most of the modern books I've read are in Chinese, but I can give you the wiki page of one of their source materials Dongjing meng Hua lu 东京梦华录 I'm not sure if it got translated, but there is full Chinese versions online. It was written by a refugee fled south after the capital Kaifeng were taken by the Jurchen. And there are some others that didn't even have a English Wiki page like: Meng Liang lu (梦粱录) Ducheng jisheng（都城记胜） https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongjing_Meng_Hua_Lu

我读过的大部分现代书籍都是中文的，但我可以给你一个他们的原始资料的维基百科页面地址，《东京梦华录》，我不确定它是否被翻译过，但是有完整的中文电子版。它是在女真占领开封后，逃离到南方的一位难民写的。还有一些书，甚至都没有英文的维基百科页面，例如：《梦粱录》、《都城记胜》。

[–]VigilanteRobin 2  
Out of interest, what series is it that you are watching?

评论6：我感兴趣的是，你看的是什么历史节目？

[–]Hito65[S] 2  
CrashCourse on YouTube.

我看得是YouTube上的一个叫《速成课程》的节目

[–]Wizard_of_woz 5  
The Taiping Rebellion. A peasant named Hong Xiuquan revolted against the Qing Dynasty. He believed he was the Half Brother of Jesus. He declared himself Heavenly King. He implemented an economic system that somewhat resembled Communism. He abolished private property, He seperated Men and Woman. He enforced strict Religious Law. It's truly bizarre.

评论7：太平天国运动。一位名叫洪秀全的农民起义反抗清朝，他相信自己是耶稣的弟弟（同父异母）。他自称天王，实行了一个有点像共产主义的经济体系。 他取消了私人财产，他把男人和女人分开，执行严格的宗教法。这真是奇哉怪也。

[–]Fredstar64 4  
Well to be honest China wasn't always wealthy/powerful, it was a very very poor country even in the 80s, so I think the fact that Deng Xiao Ping via his Opening Up Reforms managed to turn China from one of the poorest countries in the world into the world's 2nd largest economy today is quiet honestly one of the most impressive things that happened in China's history. But to be fair to Mao, the fact that China with absolutely nothing managed to push back US/UN forces led by General McArthur in North Korea is absolutely insane as well.

评论8：说实话，中国并不是一直都那么富有或强大的，甚至在80年代它还是一个非常非常贫穷的国家，所以我认为邓小平通过开放改革成功地将中国从世界上最贫穷的国家变成世界第二大经济体，这是中国历史上最令人印象深刻的事情之一。但是对毛而言，说句公道话，中国以一无所有的国力，能够在朝鲜击退麦克阿瑟将军率领的美国/联合国部队，这一事实也绝对是疯狂的。

[–]Razor_Storm 6  
But to be fair to China, it was only in relatively recent years that it fell into such poverty. China was the world's largest or second largest economy for a large part of its many millennia long history.

但说句公道话，中国也是在近代才陷入这样的贫穷。在其几千年的历史中，中国一直是世界上最大的或第二大的经济体。

[–]MBAMBA0 2  
The nation-wide civil service exams that existed for many centuries allowing social advancement via intellectual merit vs.wealth or connections (though those who had those had an advantage) is really remarkable in context of the rest of the world during similar time periods.

评论9：与同一时间段内世界上其他地区相比，在中国存在了很多个世纪的全国范围的科举制度，允许社会进步通过智力优势进行，与财富或关系分庭抗礼（尽管拥有财富和关系本身就是优势），这一点非常卓越。

[–]PlatinumP0S 2  
Does building the Great Wall count? Ramparts had existed for centuries, but the fortified -wall- that everyone is familiar with was built more or less as an emotional reaction than as anything that would be truly useful. The Yuan Dynasty had ended, the Mongols had been expelled, and as far as I know, the Great Wall never successfully protected China from anything. The mongols were no longer a threat, the Manchus who overthrew the Ming were invited in to help supress a rebellion (and promptly claimed China for themselves), and the British / Europeans arrived by sea.Very expensive piece of landscape architecture with the only real benefit being tourist dollars 600 years later.

评论10：建造长城算不算？其实城墙已经存在了好几个世纪，但是每个人都熟悉的加固的墙壁或多或少地构成了一种情感反应，而不是任何真正有用的东西。元朝已经结束了，蒙古人被驱逐，据我所知，长城从来没有成功地保护过中国。蒙古人不再是一种威胁，推翻了明代的满族人被邀请进来帮助镇压叛乱（并及时自称他们代表中国），英国人和欧洲人也是通过海上抵达的。长城真的是非常昂贵的景观建筑，唯一的真正好处是600年后的旅游收益。

[–]spiralsandjeremy 2  
the voyages of zheng he are pretty fascinating. zheng he was a chinese noble and admiral who led a fleet of 'treasure ships,' the largest wooden ships ever created by man, with 9 masts each, on a journey of exploration that took him all the way to the east coast of africa. they collected tribute and oaths of allegiance from many nations along the way, and came back to china after many years with a lot of crazy stuff like giraffes. when they got back to china, there was a new emperor, and he decided zheng he's expedition had been a massive waste of time, so he had the ships destroyed, the records of the journey destroyed, and in fact closed china off from the outside world almost completely. he ordered every single ship in china destroyed, and refused to allow foreigners entry.china remained closed off from the outside world for hundreds of years, until the british forced china to reopen its borders after defeating them in wars called the opium wars, fought because the british wanted to grow opium in india, which was a british colony (also with a fascinating history, but off topic), and sell it in china, which was and is the largest country on earth, so the largest market for goods.

评论11：郑和航海的故事非常吸引人。郑和是一位中国贵族和海军上将，率领一队由人类创造的最大的木船，每艘船有9个帆的--“宝船”组成的舰队，在探索之旅中一路到达了非洲东海岸。他们沿途收集了来自许多国家的忠诚和宣誓效忠，并且在多年后携带许多疯狂的东西如长颈鹿等一起回到了中国。当他们回到中国的时候，有一个新皇帝，他觉得郑和的远征是浪费时间，所以他毁掉了那些船只，航行旅程的记录也被摧毁，实际上他几乎完全关闭了中国与外面世界的联系。他命令摧毁中国的每一艘船，并拒绝让外国人入境。一直持续了数百年，中国仍然与外界隔绝，直到英国在战争中打败了中国，并迫使中国重新开放了边界。因为中国过去一直是而且当时也是世界上最大的国家，是最大的商品市场，而英国人想在其殖民地印度种植鸦片并在中国销售而引起的战争，所以这场战争又叫做鸦片战争，（也是一段引人入胜的历史，但并不是我要说的主题了）。

[–]SwampFox1775 3  
I was going to say Wan Hu the Ming Dynasty Astronaut, but I guess it is fictional. He supposedly took the first rockets and strapped them to a chair and tried to get into space. He does have a crater on the moon named after him. The South-Pointing Chariot used a a differential gear in 200-250AD. The statue in the wagon would always point south like a mechanical compass. They also invented the compass, and used south for reference instead of north.Chinese Paper Armor is pretty neat too...and they made the double bellow air pump, which let the forge better drills, which let them harvest natural gas! I read a book on anchient Chinese inventions and it seems like they were ahead of time on a lot of things, not sure why they don't get more credit. For example, the printing press! The Chinese and Koreans had them way before Gutenberg.

评论12：我想说明朝宇航员万户的故事，但我猜这是虚构的。 据说他第一个乘坐了火箭，他把火箭绑在椅子上，试图进入太空。在月球上有一个火山口就是以他的名字命名的。还有公元200年-250年用作差速齿轮的指南战车，马车里的雕像总是像机械罗盘一样指向南方。他们还发明了指南针，用南而不是北来定位。中国纸甲也很神奇...他们制造了双风箱空气泵，让他们能锻造更好的钻头来收获天然气！我读了一本关于中国古代发明的书，他们似乎在很多事情上都超前了，不知道为什么他们没得到更高的荣誉。比如，印刷术！中国人和韩国人领先古腾堡很多年就有了。（译注：古腾堡--西方活字印刷术的发明人）

[–]ThereComing 2  
Looking into Wan Hu, the story doesn't even seem like its actually Chinese.

看了万户的故事，感觉这个故事甚至不像是中国人的故事。

[–]ShallowRain 1  
it sounds as Chinese as orange chicken does.

我倒觉得这听起来像陈皮鸡一样中国。