法国希望深化与中国和俄罗斯的贸易关系 [美国媒体]

France looks to deepen trade ties with China and Russia: “We are moving from a world dominated by very exclusive trans-Atlantic relations toward a rebalancing”

法国希望深化与中国和俄罗斯的贸易关系：“我们正从一个由非常排他性的跨大西洋关系主导的世界走向再平衡。”

MOSCOW—France is losing its appetite for trans-Atlantic trade.

莫斯科通讯——法国正在失去对跨大西洋贸易的兴趣。



Economy and Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said in an interview France was looking to China and Russia to act as a counterweight to increasingly uncertain trade relations with the U.S. and Britain.

法国经济和财政部长勒梅尔在接受采访时说，法国希望中俄两国在与美国和英国日益不确定的贸易关系中发挥抗衡作用。

The remarks are a sign of how European powers are reassessing ties that have underpinned their economies since the end of World War II following the U.K.’s vote to leave the European Union and the rise of U.S. President Donald Trump and his America First agenda.

这些言论表明，自英国投票脱离欧盟和美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的崛起和他的“美国优先”政策之后，这个欧洲大国正在重新评估自二战结束以来支撑其经济的纽带。

“We are moving from a world dominated by very exclusive trans-Atlantic relations toward a rebalancing,” Mr. Le Maire told The Wall Street Journal during a two-day trip to Moscow in December. France is aiming to build a trade “backbone” that runs from Europe to Beijing via Moscow, Mr. Le Maire said.

“我们正从一个由非常排他性的跨大西洋关系主导的世界，走向再平衡，”勒梅尔在去年12月进行为期两天的莫斯科之行时对华尔街日报表示。勒梅尔说，法国的目标是建立一个从欧洲经莫斯科到北京的贸易“骨干”。法国总统埃曼纽尔·麦克龙计划在今年1月，他第一次访问中国并出席圣彼得堡国际金融大会——俄罗斯对五月份瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛的回应——时展开这项工作。

French President Emmanuel Macron plans to launch this effort when he makes his first visit to China in January and attends the St. Petersburg International Financial Congress—Russia’s answer to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland—in May.
The sheer scale of France’s trade with the U.S. and the U.K., however, makes it difficult to replace with partners to the east. Trade with the U.S. and Britain totaled 119.5 billion ($142.8 billion) in 2016, compared with a total 79.1 billion with China and Russia.

然而，法国与美国和英国的贸易规模之大，使其很难被他东方的合作伙伴取代。法国与美国和英国的贸易总额为1195亿欧元(约合1428亿美元)，而与中国和俄罗斯的贸易总额为791亿欧元。

The Macron government’s move to broaden its trade horizons is fueled by a growing rift between Europe and Washington. In December, Mr. Le Maire and four other European finance ministers wrote to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin to voice concerns that the overhaul of corporate tax law would give U.S. firms unfair tax advantages and discourage them from investing in Europe.

欧洲和华盛顿之间日益扩大的裂痕推动了麦克龙政府扩大贸易视野的行动。去年12月，勒梅尔先生和其他四位欧洲财政部长写信给财政部长史蒂文·姆钦，表达了对以下问题的关注：公司税法的改革将给美国公司带来不公平的税收优势，并阻止它们在欧洲投资。

“The U.S. is a close ally and Europe’s principal trading partner, but we can clearly see the difficulties,” Mr. Le Maire said. “Writing this letter is not mundane. It’s the mark of a Europe that is becoming aware of the necessity to affirm its power.”

“美国是一个亲密的盟友，也是欧洲的主要贸易伙伴，但我们可以清楚地看到其中的困难，”勒梅尔说。“这封信并不平凡，这标志着欧洲正在意识到有必要衡量自己的实力。”

The finance minister also criticized Washington for maintaining the threat of “extraterritorial sanctions”—laws that allow Washington to penalize foreign companies with U.S. operations for doing business in Russia. The sanctions were proposed by Congress but criticized by Mr. Trump.

这位财政部长还批评华盛顿继续威胁实施“域外制裁”——这项法律使得美国政府可以惩罚在俄罗斯做生意的外国公司。这些制裁是由国会提议的，但受到了特朗普的批评。

Such sanctions would turn the U.S. into “the de facto gendarme of global trade,” Mr. Le Maire said.

勒梅尔说，这样的制裁将把美国变成“全球贸易的事实上的宪兵”。

“That is contrary to our vision of a multilateral global organization,” he said.

他说：“这与我们建立多边全球组织的愿景背道而驰。”

Since defeating far-right National Front leader Marine Le Pen in May’s election, Mr. Macron has increasingly positioned himself as a foil to Mr. Trump on the world stage.

自今年5月大选击败极右翼国民阵线领袖马琳·勒庞以来，麦克龙在世界舞台上越来越多地将自己定位为特朗普的陪衬。
这种方式曾给法美关系带来一丝暖意。

The approach has provided moments of warmth with the U.S. president—making him a guest of honor at Bastille Day celebrations in Paris—and occasional conflict. At a summit of Group of 20 leaders in July, Mr. Macron said Mr. Trump was making a “profound error” in equating U.S. deficits with unfair trade.

总统--让他成为巴黎巴士底日庆祝活动的贵宾--偶尔还是会发生冲突。在今年7月举行的20国集团领导人峰会上，麦克龙表示，特朗普把美国的赤字与不公平贸易相提并论是一个“严重错误”。

The French leader has also opposed Mr. Trump’s decision to pull out of the 195-nation Paris climate accord. Mr. Macron recently hosted an international summit to address possible shortfalls in funding created by Mr. Trump’s withdrawal. At times, Mr. Macron has mocked Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign slogan by saying France is on a mission to “Make the Planet Great Again.”

这位法国领导人还反对特朗普退出195个国家的巴黎气候协议的决定。麦克伦最近主办了一次国际峰会，以解决特朗普退出可能造成的资金短缺问题。有时，麦克龙会嘲笑特朗普在2016年时的竞选口号，称法国的使命是“让地球再次伟大起来”。

In Moscow, Mr. Le Maire was working to rekindle economic ties that have been strained by sanctions the EU imposed on Russia in the wake of its 2014 annexation of Crimea.

在莫斯科，勒梅尔正在努力重新点燃因欧盟在2014年俄罗斯吞并克里米亚后对俄罗斯实施的制裁而造成的紧张经济关系。

France is the largest foreign investor in Russia, and French companies are the largest foreign employer, with nearly 170,000 staff. But France’s imports from Russia shrank to 5.54 billion in 2016 from 10.23 billion in 2014, the year sanctions were introduced. Exports fell to 4.89 billion from 6.76 billion over the same period.

法国是俄罗斯最大的外国投资者，同时法国公司是俄罗斯最大的外国雇主，拥有近17万名俄罗斯员工。但法国从俄罗斯的进口额从2014年实行制裁的那一年的102.3亿欧元下降到2016年的55.4亿欧元。同期出口从67.6亿欧元降至48.9亿欧元。

Mr. Le Maire was in Moscow to attend a meeting of the CEFIC—a Franco-Russian intergovernmental body that promotes economic relations. The CEFIC was suspended in 2015 after Europe imposed sanctions on Russia but reinstated by Mr. Macron when he was economy minister in 2016, even as sanctions continued.

勒梅尔在莫斯科参加了CEFIC会议——法俄政府间促进两国经济关系的机构。在欧洲对俄罗斯实施制裁后，该中心于2015年被暂停，但麦克龙在2016年担任经济部长时恢复了该职务，尽管制裁仍在继续。

During the meeting, the two countries agreed to begin technical cooperation between government experts and French companies including Electricité de France SA and Total SA on renewable energy and energy storage. Mr. Le Maire also invited Russia to cooperate on developing reusable launchers for satellites, in a bid to catch up with Elon Musk’s Space Exploration Technologies Corp.

会议期间，两国同意开始政府专家与法国电力公司和道达尔公司在可再生能源和能源储存方面的技术合作。勒梅尔还邀请俄罗斯合作开发可重复使用的卫星发射器，以赶上埃隆·马斯克的太空探索技术公司。

Mr. Le Maire said France and Russia should work within the sanctions to increase economic cooperation and be ready for the day they are lifted.

勒梅尔说，法国和俄罗斯应该在制裁范围内努力加强经济合作，并为取消制裁做好准备。

“The conditions are not met for us to lift or alleviate sanctions, but I hope—I really hope—that it will evolve,” Mr. Le Maire said in a speech.

勒梅尔在一次演讲中说，“我们解除或减轻制裁的条件没有得到满足，但我希望--我真的希望--能取得进展。”


Ziggi_The_Hero 14 指标
France and Germany look for a "continental" opportunity. This is plain simple geopolitics. They were free-riding on the American security warrant. While Trump said it's all over - they do immediate U-turn. America is far away while Russia is full of resources and China is such a big market... Business is everything - it's only good to shout load about "human rights" when it does not harm business as usual. French and German public opinion was trained to complain on American "Realpolitik" but their left-wing liberal elites never complained about true communist/totalitarian regimes. That would be against their intrinsic conformism.

法国和德国正在寻找“大陆”机会。这是简单的地缘政治。他们之前一直在搭美国安全保障的便车。等特朗普一说一切都结束了——他们立马掉头。美国很遥远，而俄罗斯拥有如此丰富的资源，中国拥有如此巨大的市场...商业就是一切--只有当它不受损害一切照常的时候，才能大声疾呼“人权”。法国和德国的公众舆论接受了指责美国“强权政治”的训练，但他们的左翼自由主义精英从来没有抱怨过真正的共产主义/极权主义政权。因为这将违反他们固有的墨守成规。

[deleted] 61 指标
Ironic. People criticizing USA and hoping for "rebalancing" by opening up to China.
US foreign policy has created many problems in the last years and I also agree that Europe as a whole needs more independent foreign policy. However placing trust in China is a mistake. We will never be on equal footing with them and European companies will never have as big access to the Chinese market as Chinese ones have to EU. Of course EU and PRC interests are not, for a time contradictory. But through heavy investment in certain member states they will be able to influnce them heavily in the future. Their investments bring big profit in the short term but loses afterwards. China just wants mend the technological edge.

讽刺。人们批评美国，希望通过对中国的开放来实现“再平衡”。
美国的外交政策在过去几年中造成了许多问题，我也同意欧洲作为一个整体需要更独立的外交政策。然而，把信任寄托在中国是一个错误。我们永远不会与他们平等，欧洲公司将永远不会像中国企业进入欧洲市场那样大地进入中国市场。当然，欧盟和中国的利益在时间上并不矛盾。但是，通过对某些成员国的大量投资，它们（中国）将能够在未来对这些国家产生巨大影响。他们的投资会在短期内给我们带来巨大的利润，但却输了将来。中国只是想弥补技术劣势。

Finlandsamppaaz 40 指标
The Chinese will laugh all the way to the bank. They want everything and give nothing. Like you said, we will never get the same access to their market that they get to ours, the communist party will make sure of that. Westerner can barely buy an apartment in China lol.

中国人会笑到最后。他们什么都想要，却什么也不想付出。就像你说的，我们永远不会像他们进入我们的市场那样进入他们的市场，共产党会确保这一点的。西方人在中国几乎连一套公寓都买不了哈哈哈哈。

Germanyzqvt 11 points
However placing trust in China is a mistake.
rebalancing towards a more even cooperation between Russia/China/the US instead of solely relying on the US doesn't mean that you hand China the keys to your house.
That said, China was the worlds largest economy and power for 18 of the last 20 centuries. How often did that result in us being involved in China's conflicts? Very rarely to be honest. So while they probably don't do anything out of the goodness of their hearts, they don't exactly have a track record of deliberately fucking anybody over either (their regional squabbles excluded)
Sometimes I feel like we're projecting our own fuckups onto China

“然而，把信任寄托在中国身上是一个错误。”
重新平衡俄罗斯/中国/美国之间的合作，而不是仅仅依靠美国，并不意味着你要把你全部的信任托付给中国。
尽管如此，中国在过去的二十个世纪中有十八个是世界上最大的经济体和大国。我们又有多少次因此经常卷入中国的冲突？说实话，很少。所以，虽然他们可能不会出于好心而做任何事情，但他们也没有故意搞翻某个国家的记录(不包括地区争端)。
有时候我觉得我们在把自己做的东西投射到中国身上了。

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LeMonsieurX 74 points 3 months ago 
It's time to Europe take the control of its destiny and stop to rely in US as some kind of a master or leader. Don't get me wrong, I'm not saying to cut every tie with America, I'm only saying that Europe has to finally assert its soreveignty and finally lead itself as an entity that serves its own purposes.

欧洲是时候应该掌握自己的命运，而不是依赖美国作为某种主人或领导者的角色了。别误会我，我不是说要切断和美国的关系，我只想说，欧洲最终必须维护自己的尊严，并作为一个为自己的目标服务的实体领导自己。

Ireland4_5_6 42 points
How is the US a master? They have a huge influence but most of that is mutually beneficial.

美国怎么会是欧洲的主人？他们有着巨大的影响力，但其中大多数关系都是互利的。

Lion-of-Saint-Mark 8 points
It's possible for a client-patron relationship to be mutually beneficial. The US isn't an overbearing overlord, but it does treat European countries like client-states - which they are.

客户和客户之间的关系可能是互惠互利的。美国并不是一个霸道的霸主，但它确实把欧洲国家当作它们的附庸国对待。

Jnicky69 29 points
Deepening ties with China and Russia, two authoritarian, non-democratic regimes with no regard for human rights, expansionary and aggressive foreign policies, and ideological hatred for the west (yes, that includes Europe even if they hate America more) is not good for Europe.

深化与中国和俄罗斯这两个无视人权、具有扩张性和侵略性外交政策以及对西方(是的，这包括欧洲，即使他们更恨美国)意识形态仇恨的专制、非民主政权对欧洲来说并不是件好事。

Elean 16 points
US human rights record aren't exemplary either.
expansionary and aggressive foreign policies, the US are by far the worst in that category.
And the "ideological hatred for the west" you speak of doesn't exist. This is nothing more than a strategy to reduce the US influence.
Deepening ties with China and Russia may not be good, but that's the price of distancing us from the US and it's probably worth it.

美国的人权记录也无法作为典范。
至于扩张性和侵略性外交政策，到目前为止这是美国最拿手的。
你所说的“对西方的意识形态仇恨”并不存在。这不过是一种减少美国影响的策略。
加深与中国和俄罗斯的关系可能不是好事，但如果这是能让我们远离美国的代价，那是值得的。

Jnicky69 -31 points
Aggressive and expansionary from the perspective of Europe as a subject: America didn't invade Ukraine, and its not currently poised to invade the Baltic states. Indeed, America's "influence" is the only thing preventing an invasion of the Baltic states.
The US' record on human rights are miles above China and Russia in terms of domestic matters if not all matters.
To downplay the hatred China and Russia have for the west is simply naive. If not for America historically, the Soviets would have owned most of Europe, and if not for America now Putin would own most of Europe.

以欧洲人的角度来看侵略和扩张这个主题：
美国没有入侵乌克兰，也没有准备入侵波罗的海国家。事实上，美国的“影响力”是阻止波罗的海国家被入侵的唯一因素。
就国内事务而言，美国的人权记比中国和俄罗斯不知道要高到哪里去了(如果不是所有的话)。
淡化中国和俄罗斯对西方的仇恨简直太天真了。如果不是历史上的美国，苏联将拥有欧洲的大部分，如果不是美国，普京将拥有欧洲大部分地区。

Brooooook 25 points
Russia spends 69 billion dollars on military. The combined EU spends 194 billion. That disregards MAD and economic interdependence which makes the whole discussion obsolete. And before you cry "but Ukraine". The US are activley trying to end the sanctions.

俄罗斯在军事上花费了690亿美元。欧盟的总开支为1940亿美元。如果把MAD与经济相互依存的关系割裂那这个讨论就没什么意义了。在你为“乌克兰被俄罗斯入侵”而神伤之前。美国正在正在积极尝试结束（对俄罗斯的）制裁哦。

oquith -2 points
Considering that we are really dependent on these countries, it would be beneficial for us to develop friendly relations.

考虑到我们确实依赖这些国家，发展和他们友好的关系对我们是有益的。

United States of Americawatsupbitchez 9 points 3 months ago 
It would be smart not to be dependent on those countries.
They will never be your friends, especially China. Mercantilist thieves who have a stake in undermining every norm that matters to the West cannot and will not be your friends.

不依赖这些国家才是明智的。
他们永远不会是你的朋友，尤其是中国。那些破坏对西方重要的一切规范的重商主义的小偷不能也不会成为你的朋友。

Scotlandoquith 3 points 3 months ago 
Yeah well, those countries are where the resources we need to import for our economies functioning are, so we will have to co-operate with them no matter what. Therefore, it would good not to keep shooting ourselves on the foot with idiotic short sighted policies.

啊，嗯，这些国家拥有提升我们经济运作所需要的资源，所以无论如何我们都要和他们合作。因此，最好不要以愚蠢的短视政策继续伤害我们自己。

mind_bending 20 points 
"Europe" has no leadership (and never will), and without strong leadership you won't get the best results.
Europe will never have leadership because we are too different as nations, we have different cultures and backgrounds and we are not prepared to give up our sovereignty to Brussels (or Berlin or Paris). It's a reality many on this sub hate, but it's becoming more and more obvious, especially when you look at UK, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and many other less vocal countries.
Under a weak leadership, that aims to please both Malta and Germany, or Hungary and France, you'll only get results that sort of work, but are not ideal for any EU country.

“欧洲”没有领导(而且永远不会有)，没有强有力的领导，你就不会取得最好的结果。
欧洲将永远不会有领导地位，因为我们作为国家的差异太大，我们有不同的文化和背景，我们不准备把我们的主权让给欧盟(或柏林或巴黎)。这是一个很多人都深恶痛绝但越来越明显的现实，特别是当你看看英国，波兰，匈牙利，斯洛伐克和其他许多很少发声的国家的时候。
在一个软弱的领导下，欧盟旨在取悦马耳他和德国，或匈牙利和法国，你只会得到这样的结果，但这对欧盟国家来说并不理想。

tabure67 11 points
I don't understand what is with these people here.Everything you said is very logical and you are getting downvotes.When the people go to US they stop to care about their past for some better future, but here we have very deep roots of national identity.

我不明白这里的人都是怎么肥事，你明明说得很有道理却被踩了这么多次。当人们去美国的时候，他们会停止关心他们的过去，去追求更美好的未来，但在这里（欧洲），我们有着非常深厚的民族认同根基。

Not actually anti-American. Just covering all the bases.19djafoij02 14 points
The US has been leading Western civilization for some time. I'm ready for European leadership again.

美国领导西方文明已经有一段时间。我做好欧洲再次担任领导者的准备了。

Here to rep 'Murica to our Euro Alliesvmedhe2 -9 points
As an Indian-american, I sure ain't.

作为一个印裔美国人，我不同意你说的。

Bulgariablackachilleswtf 6 points
Why

为什么？

United States of Americathewimsey 13 points
At a guess, it might have to do with India having been a colony of the UK for 300 years.

我猜，这可能与印度作为英国殖民地有300年之久有关。

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United Kingdomnowherefortherebels 22 points
I'd rather retain ties with the US

相比中国和俄罗斯，我宁愿和美国保持联系

Denmarkmelonowl 32 points
I'd really prefer not to get tied more closely to countries like Russia and China, even if America is looking like a rather shaky trade partner these days. Plenty of other countries to make money with.

我真的不希望与俄罗斯和中国这样的国家有更紧密的联系，即使美国现在看起来是一个相当不稳定的贸易伙伴。还有很多其他国家可以赚钱。

Erica8723 3 points
If I read this correctly, France is doing two things here: 1) threatening the U.S. over elements of the tax overhaul and 2) trying more of a 'carrot' approach to Russia over the sanctions.
I'm not sure why this is news? "If you do this thing on trade, we'll turn to China!" has been the rallying cry of 2017. Only a complete idiot would actually do it. Turning to China because Trump is too protectionist is like jumping down into Hell itself because you decided the sand on your private beach was a bit too warm.

如果我对这则新闻的解读没错的话，法国做了两件事：(1)在税收改革的问题上威胁美国；(2)在制裁问题上，更多地对俄罗斯采取“胡萝卜”政策。
我不太清楚为什么这会成为新闻？“如果你在贸易上这么做，我们就转向中国！”这是他们在2017年没有停过的威胁。但只有一个十足的白痴才会这么做。因为特朗普的保护政策就转向中国就像是因为你觉得私人沙滩的沙子太热了就转向地狱一样。

wolfdog-on-a-run 5 points 3 months ago 
Not so sure if I like economic ties that benefit rogue dictatorship countries like Russia and China.

我不太确定我是否喜欢让俄罗斯和中国这样的流氓独裁国家建立受益的经济联系。