Quora：为什么美国行为处事像一个“世界警察”？ [美国媒体]

Why does America act as the world's policeman?

Quora：为什么美国行为处事像一个“世界警察”？





When the Roman Empire was strong they stationed soldiers in places as far away as mist shrouded Britain and barbaric France to keep their roads safe for travelers to facilitate economic trade.
When the Han dynasty was thriving the martial Emperor lead a massive campaign to purge the grasslands of nomad raiders that threatened local communities. When Genghis Khan united the Mongols he kept the trade routes under his influence safe for those that bowed to him to trave.
When Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, and even the Dutch were jockeying for naval supremacy they justified their actions in the name of protecting their trade routes.
Now that USA is the number one military power in the world, USA is interested in keeping global economic trade routes under their control. Of course those who don't fully trust the US would rather have their own forces control their own spheres so you have occasional tension with Russia and People's Republic of China.
I'm really simplifying a very complex economic military issue, but basically what all these empires have in common is they use their military to keep their trade routes safe for their own interests.

当罗马帝国强大的时候，他们会驻扎在遥远的边境，如迷雾笼罩的英国和野蛮的法国。这样做是为了保证他们的道路安全，以方便商人旅客进行经济贸易。
当汉朝繁荣昌盛时，武帝发起了一场大规模的战争，为了清除那些会威胁边境的草原游牧者。当成吉思汗统一蒙古的时候，贸易路线在他的影响下，懂得向他鞠躬行礼的游商们都是安全的。
当英国、法国、葡萄牙、西班牙，甚至荷兰在争夺海军霸权时，他们以保护贸易路线的名义为自己的行为辩护。
既然美国现在是世界上最大的军事强国，美国有兴趣控制全球经济贸易路线。当然，那些不相信美国的人，宁愿让自己的军队控制自己的势力范围，这样你就会发现，美国偶尔与俄罗斯和中华人民共和国关系紧张。
我正在简化这个非常复杂的经济军事问题，但基本上所有这些帝国都有一个共同点，就是他们利用军队保护自己的贸易路线以维护自己的利益。

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Some historical insight would be helpful here.  As pointed out elsewhere, at the beginning of the 20th Century, the US was very isolationist.  It took a long time to cross the Atlantic and it was very expensive. most Americans weren't too interested in Europe, Asia or Africa unless it was in the context of trade.
Then World War I hit and the country really wanted to stay out of the fray; however, that was not to be - and in the end, American soldiers and military might turned  firmly to the Allied side.  In the end, America returned to her isolationist ways.  
World War II rolled around and the United States was dragged in when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and declared war on the United States - although the US was tacitly helping the allies with the Lend/Lease program previously.  When the war ended, America initially wanted a role in the occupation and reconstruction of the former Axis powers.  It established bases in the US occupied sections of Germany and Japan for that purpose.  However, after the war, tensions with the USSR started becoming acute.  No other Western power could act as a counter-balance to the perceived Soviet threat - no one in Europe had either the population or the industrial capacity of America.  As the former great European colonial powers slowly released their hold on their former colonies, especially the United Kingdom, the US began to fill the vacuum.  

一些历史见地会更有助于你理解。正如其他地方所指出的，在20世纪初，美国信奉的是孤立主义。横渡大西洋会花很长时间，而且非常昂贵。大多数美国人对欧洲、亚洲或非洲并不太感兴趣，除非是商品贸易。
然后第一次世界大战爆发了，这个国家真的想远离战场;然而，并没有——最终，美国士兵和军队坚定的支持了盟军。但最后，美国还是回到了孤立主义的道路。
二战中的美国，被日本轰炸了珍珠港,美国宣战——尽管美国之前暗中帮助盟军的租赁计划。战争结束后，美国最初希望在占领和重建前轴心国方面发挥作用。为了达到这个目的，它在美国被占领的部分地区建立了基地。然而，战后，西方与苏联的紧张关系开始变得尖锐起来。没有任何一个西方大国能与苏联的威胁抗衡——因为欧洲没有一个国家有着美国的人口或工业能力。随着前欧洲殖民大国逐渐放开对殖民地的控制，尤其是联合王国，美国开始填补其真空。

What came next was the Domino political theory - the idea being that if Communism was established in a country, other countries would fall like dominoes to the siren call of Communism, and the United States had to hold the line for Western Democracy and its ideals.  That explains why the US fight in Viet Nam, a place that really had no natural resources that were considered important for the US domestic interests for example.  It also explains why the US fought the North Koreans - in a war that really, to this day, is at a truce but has not really ended.  And it explains why the US was so active in the overthrow of the Massedegh Government in Iran. But at the time, was to prevent the Communists from taking power.
The interesting question is really why does the US continue to keep so many forces overseas? That is a more complex question.
So, to sum-up - the US is the only real Superpower currently in the world.  It is one of the wealthiest countries, and there is a healthy amount of acknowledgement that there are responsibilities that come with that wealth.  Often as not, the world calls on the US to help - as was seen with the Arab Spring, particularly in Libya.  The problem with the role is that no matter what the US does, someone will not be happy.

接下来发生的是多米诺骨牌班的政治效应，即如果共产主义建立了一个国家，其他周围国家就会像多米诺骨牌一样被共产主义所诱惑而倒下，而美国必须与西方的民主和理想保持一致。这就解释了为什么美国要在越南开战，这是一个真正没有自然资源的地方，也没有与美国国内利益相关。这也解释了为什么美国与朝鲜开战——在这场战争中，直到今天，它仍处于休战状态，但并没有真正结束。,它也解释了为什么美国如此活跃于推翻伊朗政府。但当时的方针是为了阻止共产党夺取政权。
有趣的问题是，为什么美国要继续在海外保持如此多的军力?这是个很复杂的问题。
因此，总结一下——美国是目前世界上唯一真正的超级大国。它也是最富有的国家之一，也有很多人会承认，财富带来了责任。通常情况下，全世界都在呼吁美国的帮助——就像阿拉伯之春所看到的那样，尤其是在利比亚。这个角色的问题在于，不管美国做什么，总会有人不高兴。

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People should understand that whatever the US does, it is in its own interest, not of the other countries (Including US' s closest allies like UK, France, Japan, etc..) This is just natural for all the countries around the world. So when you hear someone saying 'US is doing so and so for some country's greater good and well-being', regard it is as a fool..
Economy is everything for the US, which goes to any extent for its sake.
As of now the US is the world's largest economy by any standard.
There are many factors which drive its economy. Important among them are:

人们应该明白，无论美国做什么，都是出于自身利益，而不是为了其他国家(包括美国最亲密的盟友，如英国、法国、日本等)。这对世界上所有的国家来说都是很自然的。所以，当你听到有人说“我们这样做，是为了某个国家的更大的福祉”时，那你就可以认为说这话的是一个傻瓜。
对美国来说，经济是一切，无论从何种程度上看，都是如此。
到目前为止，美国是世界上按任何标准衡量的最大经济体。
推动经济发展的因素很多。其中重要的有:

1. World-class universities, colleges and research institutions, especially the Ivy League. These attract a hell lot of investment in research in technology and engineering, which is crucial to keep the US ahead of others in terms of acquiring latest technology.
2. Dominant US Dollar, the main currency of exchange in the international market.
3. Hollywood. Oh, Yes. It played its own part in creating the image of what the country stands for.
4. Banking and other financial institutions. OMG how important role they played in 2008 global financial crisis. No need to explain much.
5. Manufacturing industries, especially the automobile and arms industries. No wonder the US is the largest exporter of arms, which are either legally or illegally marketed to interested parties which are taking part in some wars and conflicts taking place around the world, especially in the Middle East.
6. US Armed forces and CIA.  Fear and respect them.

1，世界一流的大学，学院和研究机构，尤其是常青藤联盟。这可以吸引大量的投资，用于促进技术和工程方面的研究，这对于让美国可以获取最新技术，可以领先于其他国家是至关重要的。
2，美元占主导地位，是国际市场上的主要货币。
3，好莱坞。哦,是的。它在塑造国家形象方面发挥了自己的作用。
4，银行和其他金融机构。天啊，他们在2008年全球金融危机中扮演了多么重要的角色。没必要解释太多。
5，制造业，特别是汽车和军火工业。毫无疑问，美国是最大的武器出口国，这些武器要么是合法出售，要么是非法出售给有兴趣许多国家，这些国家正在参与世界各地的战争和冲突，特别是在中东地区。
6，美国武装部队和中央情报局。你需要恐惧和尊重他们。

And many more. All these factors are providing unprecedented dividends to its global business. So why should it not police the world?
In short the US is like a very very very....... big company which needs more and more 'good' 'customers' in order to run its 'good' (profitable) 'business' smoothly. Any 'bad' 'customer' who play obstacle to its path of business shall not be spared. God save those 'bad' 'customers'.
BTW where is the UN? And what is it doing?

还有许多许多。所有这些因素都为美国全球业务带来了前所未有的红利。那么，为什么它不当个世界警察呢?
简而言之，美国就像一个非常非常非常有活力的……大公司需要越来越多的好客户来顺利运营它的盈利业务。任何想在其经营道路上设置障碍的坏客户都会被扫除。让上帝拯救那些坏的客户吧。
顺便问一下，联合国在哪里？它在干嘛？

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"America is the world's policeman" is a huge fat lie.
"Policeman" would imply that the US acts primarily for moral reasons.  It doesn't
The only reason why people think this way about the US is because the US holds the biggest microphone, and is thus able to shout its version of the story much louder than anyone else can.  And its version of the story is always one of the US acting for grand, noble goals, like a policeman.
This trick is nothing new.
The Roman Republic came up with this routine more than 2,000 years ago.  It was always careful to make sure it had a morally legitimate casus bellum for all its wars of conquest.  Rome was never in it for the territory, no, it was acting in defense of justice, liberty, freedom and civilization.

“美国是世界警察”是一个巨大的谎言。
“警察”这个词汇，暗示美国的行为是出于道德原因。不，它并不是。
人们之所以这么认为美国是“世界警察”，唯一的原因是美国拥有最大的麦克风，因此能够大声的讲述自己版本的故事，而且比其它任何人的声音都要大。这个版本的故事讲述的是美国的伟大而崇高的目标，例如当一个警察。
这不是什么新鲜事。
2000多年前，罗马共和国就提出了这个先例。它总是小心翼翼地确保它在所有的领土征服的问题上，道德上是合法的。罗马从来都不是为了领土，不是，它是为了捍卫正义，自由和文明。

In the modern context, outright annexation of territory is no longer in vogue.  Old school imperialism is a no no.  Instead, we have economic and strategic imperialism where the US installs puppet regimes in key countries.  These regimes keep the country friendly towards US interests and opens its markets to exploitation by US companies.  In return, the US ensures that the regime stays in power, regardless of whatever atrocities they commit.
Case in point: Saudi Arabia.
A country with an abysmal human rights record that makes China look like Denmark.  They literally crucify people for religious crimes.  And yet... not a single word of citicism from the US government, and little media coverage.  Why? surely it has nothing to do with the fact that they sit on the largest crude reserves in the world and the Saudi family has the President on speeddial.Right？
And in further defense of Saudi Arabia, the US went to war in Iraq, twice, wants to go war in Iran, and refuses to stop ISIS as it's a Saudi backed militia.  That's one hell of a "policeman" right there.

在现代社会下，对领土的彻底吞并不再流行。旧的帝国主义也不再可能的。于是，我们有了经济和战略形式的帝国主义，美国在关键国家安插傀儡政权。这些政权使该国对美国的利益保持友好，并开放其市场，使美国公司得以利用。作为回报，美国确保政权继续掌权，无论他们犯下何种暴行。
举个例子:沙特阿拉伯。
这个有着糟糕人权记录的国家，可以让中国看起来像丹麦那样美好。他们可以因为宗教犯罪把人钉死。然而,……没有来自美国政府的评论，也没有媒体报道。为什么?当然，这与他们坐拥世界上最大的原油储备、沙特家族拥有总统宝座是没有任何关系的。这是真的吗？
美国还曾为沙特阿拉伯做过防卫，美国曾两次在伊拉克发动战争，也希望在伊朗发动战争，并同时拒绝阻止ISIS，因为这是沙特支持的民兵组织。美国，可以说是来自地狱的“警察”。

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For historical reasons.
There used to be two superpowers: USA and USSR (and Russian empire before it). As a matter of fact, Russian Empire was once called the policeman of Europe.
Back then, the US was carrying an important job in counteracting the threat of communism and keeping the world balance.
For better or for worse, temporarily or permanently, Russia had ceased to be a superpower. In the ideal world, the US should have cut its international activities accordingly. Unfortunately, we see the opposite: US military budget mostly growing, NATO moving 10 countries East in violation of their promises, and, as Wikileaks had shown, overt and covert meddling in the international affairs.

由于历史原因。
曾经有两个超级大国:美国和苏联(之前叫俄罗斯帝国)。事实上，俄罗斯帝国曾经被称为欧洲的警察。
当时，美国在肩负着对抗共产主义威胁和保持世界平衡方面的任务。
无论是好是坏，短暂还是永久的，俄罗斯已经不再是一个超级大国。在大家理想的世界里，美国应该相应地削减其国际活动。不幸的是，我们看到的恰恰相反:美国的军事预算还在增长，北约在东部扩张了10个国家，违反了他们的承诺，正如维基解密所展示的，北约公开和秘密地干涉它国事务。

There is a lot of good things to say about America, but America's policing actions, their superiority complex and refusal to treat others as equals, all of that creates a lot of friction overseas, and the friction is increasing.
Being the self-appointed world policemen is a morally bankrupt ideology that is bound to backfire in the international arena . It's way too violent in its arrogance.
Mostly I think it's because of the looming problem of growing American debt, growing international economic competition, countries increasingly interested in dropping US$ as international currency.

关于美国有很多好东西可以说，但是关于美国的世界警察行为，他们的优越感和拒绝平等对待他人的态度，这些都在海外制造了很多摩擦，而且摩擦还在增加。
它自封为世界警察，这是一种道德沦丧的意识形态，在国际舞台上注定会事与愿违。在它的傲慢中，它显得太暴力了。
大多数情况下，我认为这是因为日益迫近的美国债务问题、日益加剧的国际经济竞争、越来越多要放弃把美元作为国际货币的国家。