英国需要12年时间建造440兆瓦的核反应堆，而中国需要3年时间就能建成400MW核反应堆 [美国媒体]

UK needs 12 yearsto build 440 MW nuclear reactor while China needs 3 years to make 400MWthreactors

英国需要12年时间建造440兆瓦的核反应堆，而中国需要3年时间就能建成400MW核反应堆

Rolls-RoyceHoldings Plc says it will take 12 years to build its prototype small nuclearreactor in the U.K. Rolls-Royce needs as many as five years for the licensingand design assessment process, while construction will take another seven forits first 440-megawatt model, Wood. China is talking about making a couple ofnew 400 MW deep pool nuclear reactor prototypes within 3 years and then massproducing them by the dozens with 2 years needed to make each one.

罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司表示，在英国建造小型核反应堆需要12年时间。罗尔斯•罗伊斯需要5年的时间来进行许可和设计评估过程，而建造的第一个440兆瓦的模型——Wood，则需要另外7年的时间。中国正在讨论在3年内制造出几座400兆瓦的新反应堆，然后批量生产，每座用2年的时间生产。

Britain is one ofseveral countries assessing the feasibility of building small modular reactors,or SMRs, as they seek cleaner options to coal-fired generation. SMRs are seenas a cheaper and more manageable alternative to giant projects such as the 20billion-pound ($28 billion) Hinkley Point C in England, which has already runover budget and is several years behind schedule.

英国是评估建造小型模块化反应堆可行性的几个国家之一，因为他们正在寻求比燃煤发电更清洁的方式。小型模块化反应堆被认为是一个更便宜、更易于管理的替代项目，比如在英格兰的200亿英镑(280亿美元)的欣克利角项目，该项目已经超出预算，而且比计划晚了好几年。

China GeneralNuclear (CGN) and China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) are both looking todevelop small nuclear (400 MW thermal) reactors for district heating. They areChina’s top two nuclear energy companies.
Information isfrom China General Nuclear, NEI Magazine, People’s Daily and China NationalNuclear Corporation.
CGN and TsinghuaUniversity are undertaking a feasibility study district heating usingdomestically-developed NHR200-II low-temperature heating reactor technology.

中广核和中国核工业集团都在寻求发展小型核反应堆(400兆瓦热核)用于地区供暖。他们是中国最大的两家核能公司。
信息来自中广核、NEI杂志、人民日报和中国核工业集团公司。
中广核和清华大学正在利用国内开发的NHR200-II低温加热反应堆技术进行区域供暖的可行性研究。

The NHR200-IIlow-temperature heating reactor technology is a mature design, which passed asafety review by the National Nuclear Safety Administration in the 1990s, andthe design came first in NEA’s review of small-scale nuclear reactor technologyin 2016.
There was a 15page technical document describing the NHR200 in 1994.
CGN said theNHR200-II can be used to provide heat, water and steam for applicationsincluding residential heating, industrial process heat and supplying remoteareas with energy. It is also flexible to location and can be built near to theend-users. Construction would take only two to three years if done on a massscale.

NHR200-II低温加热反应堆技术是一个成熟的设计，在20世纪90年代通过了国家核安全管理局的安全审查，2016年该设计第一个通过NEA对小型核反应堆技术的审查。
1994年有一份15页的技术文件，描述了NHR200。
中广核表示，NHR200-II可提供热量、水和蒸汽，包括为住宅供暖、工业过程供热以及为偏远地区提供能源等应用。它的位置也很灵活，可以在终端用户附近建立。如果大规模地进行，建设只需要2到3年。

The NEA (ChineseNational Energy Agency) released a five-year plan – covering 2017-2021 – highlightingthe innovation of clean heating technology and consideration of nuclearheating.
China NationalNuclear Corp (CNNC) has already conducted a successful 168-hour trial run inBeijing of a small district heating reactor know as the Yanlong. CNNC put forwardthe DHR-400 as an alternative heat supplier for the northern region, with each400MWt unit able to provide heating to 200,000 urban households. The pool-typedesign comprises a reactor core immersed in a water-filled tank. It willrequire CNY1.5bn ($226.7m) in investment, take three years to build and couldbe plugged directly into existing heating network.

国家能源局发布了一份包括2017-2021年的五年计划，强调清洁加热技术的创新和对核供热的考虑。
中国核工业集团公司(CNNC)已经在北京成功进行了168小时的试运行。CNNC将DHR-400作为北方地区的替代供热供应，每个400MW机组可为20万城市家庭供暖。池型设计包括浸入充满水的容器中的反应堆芯。这将需要投资15亿元人民币(合2.267亿美元)，需要3年时间建成，并可以直接接入现有的供暖网络。

District Heatingof Northern Chinese Cities
China’s governmentagencies, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and theNational Energy Administration have announced a five-year plan to convert 70%of northern cities to mostly natural gas heating instead of coal.
The government hasmade “concrete arrangements” regarding geothermal heating, biomass heating,solar heating, gas heating, electric heating, industrial waste heating, andclean coal-fired central heating.

中国北方城市地区供暖。
中国政府机构、国家发展和改革委员会(NDRC)和国家能源局宣布了一项五年计划，将北方70%的城市由煤炭供暖转为天然气供暖。
政府已就地热供暖、生物质供暖、太阳能供暖、天燃气供暖、电供暖、工业废热供暖、燃煤集中供暖等方面作出了“具体安排”。

Half of northernChina should be converted to clean heating by 2019, reducing bulk coal burningby 74 million tonnes, the reports said. That reduction should reach 150 milliontonnes by 2021.
The launch ofYanlong is the first step of CNNC’s ambitious plan to boost nuclear heating innorth China in the coming years. The organization expects to build pilotnuclear-fired boilers by 2018 before putting them into commercial operationafter 2020. (Beijing Review)

报告称，到2019年，中国北方的一半地区应转为清洁供暖，减少7400万吨的煤炭燃烧。到2021年，将减少1.5亿吨。
燕龙的推出是中国核电集团在未来几年推进中国北方核电发展的雄心勃勃的计划的第一步。
该组织预计到2018年之前将建造试点的核燃料锅炉, 然后在2020年之后投入商业运营。

A 400-megawattnuclear heating reactor can generate as much heat per year as the burning of320,000 tons of coal or 160 million cubic meters of natural gas, and Yanlongreleases no carbon dioxide or dust into the air. Yanlong, if used as analternative to coal-fired or gas-fired boilers of the same supply capacity,will reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by 640,000 tons or 204,600 tons peryear.
To produce agigajoule of heat with a DHR-400 costs just 30-40 yuan ($4.58-6.1), on par withtraditional coal-fired boilers, and around 40 percent of the cost to producethe same amount using a gas-fired boiler.

一个400兆瓦的核供热反应堆每年可以产生相当于32万吨煤或1.6亿立方米天然气的热量，而延龙则不会向空气中排放二氧化碳或粉尘。Yanlong，如果作为燃煤或燃气锅炉的替代品，将减少二氧化碳的排放量，每年减少64万吨或20.46万吨。
用DHR-400生产一焦耳热量成本只需30-40元(4.58-6.1美元)，与传统燃煤锅炉相当，是燃气锅炉成本的40%。





Combinatorics 9day(s) ago
I'm a bit confusedwhy we are comparing build times for a 1200MW PWR with a steam turbine to a400MW hot water heater for district heating when the 400MWth reactor wasdesigned 20 years ago and the 1200MW reactor is still being designed.
I cheerfullyconcede that you can build a nuclear reactor in China much faster than inEurope but this is a bit of a ridiculous comparison. Apples to Apples please.

我有点搞不明白，为什么我们要拿一个1200MW的压水反应堆和一个400MW的蒸汽轮机用来提供区域供暖的热水加热器相比，400MW反应堆是20年前的设计，1200MW的反应堆还在设计中。
我欣然承认，你在中国建造核反应堆的速度比欧洲快得多，但这是一个荒谬的比较。请用苹果比苹果。

scaryjello 11day(s) ago
The Rolls-Royce isa full pressure system for making electricity. The Chinese reactor is a hotwater heater.

罗尔斯•罗伊斯公司的反应堆是一个生产电力的全压力系统。中国的反应堆是一个热水加热器。

John ONeill inreply to scaryjello fThe Rolls-Royce is a full pres...more » 11 day(s) ago
Do you think thefuel in the pool reactors would be at a lower temperature than in a PWR, and solast longer between refueling, or would the low thermal conductivity of UO2mean the rods got just as hot in the center ?

你认为池反应堆中的燃料会比压水反应堆中的温度低吗?所以在加油的时候，或者是二氧化铀的低导热率意味着燃料棒在中心的温度一样高?

martae aurelius inreply to John ONeill fDo you think the fuel in the p...more » 11 day(s) ago
Most of the fueldamage is due to fission daughters, and radiation damage, particularlyneutrons.

大部分的燃料损坏是由于裂变的产物，以及辐射损伤，特别是中子。

Mark Stewart 11day(s) ago
What is China's planfor dealing with their nuclear waste? Are they going to kick it down the roadlike the US?

中国处理核废料的计划是什么?他们会像美国那样把它扔在路边吗?

BroncoBet in replyto Mark Stewart fWhat is China's plan for deali...more » 11 day(s) ago
I suppose youdon't understand the benefits of millions of tons of waste being eliminated inreturn for storing a few cubic meters of spent fuel, no wonder the earth isheating, and the ocean turning acidic.

我想你不明白数以百万计吨的废料被淘汰以换取储存几立方米乏燃料的好处 , 难怪地球在变热, 海洋变成酸性。

martae aurelius inreply to BroncoBet fI suppose you don't understand...more » 11 day(s) ago
I assume the tonsof waste you refer to are coal ash.

我猜你指的是煤灰。

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