Quora：如果太阳消失了，人类还能活多久？（一） [美国媒体]

How long would humans survive if the sun disappeared?

如果太阳消失了，人类还能活多久？

回答一：
Craig Weiler, Science is very interesting to me.
If the sun went out, we would all eventually die, but what would kill us and how long would it take?

原始问题：如果太阳熄灭了，我们最终都会死去，但是什么会杀死我们，需要多长时间呢？

First, once the sun is extinguished, the temperature of the earth will eventually drop to somewhere around 10 degrees above absolute zero, give or take. Those who cannot protect themselves from the cold will die first. How fast the earth cools will vary dramatically.

首先，一旦太阳熄灭了，地球的温度最终会下降到比绝对零度高10度左右，其间略有误差。那些不能保护自己不受寒冷影响的人将首先死去。地球冷却的速度有多快在各个地区是非常不同的。

The surface of the earth isn’t going to get super cold immediately, but it will be fast. I would guess that somewhere around the third day it’s going to start to be uncomfortable for anyone without a good heat source. After a week the average earth temperature will be freezing. 0 deg Celsius, 32 deg Fahrenheit. It will vary tremendously depending on where you live.

地球表面不会马上变得超级寒冷，但这个进程还是很快的。我猜，在第三天，如果没有热源，一些地区就会开始变得不舒适了。一周后，地球的平均温度将会达到零点，也就是零摄氏度，32华氏度。这取决于你住的地方，温度在不同地区会有很大的不同。

It will stay warmer longer near the oceans and get colder faster the farther you get from them and obviously what started out cold will just get colder. It will take 1–3 years for them to freeze over.

离海洋较近的地方，温暖的状态会持续更长的时间，离海洋越远，就冷得越快，很明显，一开始就变得寒冷的地区会变得更冷。这些地区需要1到3年的时间才能被完全冻住。

We can get by for months this way, as the earth slowly cools, but after a year the average surface temperature of the earth will be -73 degrees Celsius, -100 Fahrenheit. An awful lot of people will run out of food and water well before then though.

我们可以在这样的环境下支撑几个月的事件，因为地球是在慢慢冷却下来，但一年后地球的平均表面温度将为零下73摄氏度，也就是零下100华氏度。在那之前，很多人就已经耗尽了食物和水。

If you have a heat source you can survive much longer, but you’ll need food and water. Everyone who somehow managed to survive the cold but didn’t have an ongoing source of food and water will die when their food and water run out.

如果有热源的话，你可以活得更久一点，但你需要食物和水。那些设法在寒冷中生存下来，但没有持续的食物和水的来源的人，在他们的食物和水耗尽的时候，就会死去。

If someone lived near geothermal activity in a well insulated structure and managed to get both heat and electricity, (light) from it indefinitely and had a hydroponic farm, they could go on for 10 to 20 years before the oxygen started to get cold enough to turn to liquid and become rain made of oxygen, and then as it got progressively colder it would become snow.

如果有人住附近有地热活动的地区，并且有很好的绝热结构，并设法获得了热量和电力，从而可以无限期的制造出光，拥有一个水培农场，那么在氧气开始液化为液体，天上开始降下氧构成的雨水，然后继续变冷，开始降下氧构成的雪之前，他们还有10年到20年的事件好活。

Imagine going outside to get a pail of air to bring in and put over the fire so that it would warm up and you could breathe. So while earth still has plenty of oxygen, it’s not going to be in a form you can breathe. Let’s say that after about 30 years or so, everyone is dead.

想象一下，到外面去拿一桶空气，把火放进去，这样它就会暖和起来，你就可以呼吸了。所以虽然地球上仍然有大量的氧气，但它不会以你能呼吸的形式存在。估计在大约30年之后，每个人都会死去。

There are microbes and other life at the bottom of the oceans by geothermal vents. They are too deep for the sun to reach them and use other means to survive. They will never notice the sun is missing and continue on as normal.

海洋底部有依赖于地热喷口的微生物和其他生命存在。它们所处的位置太深了，无法接触到阳光，必须通过其他的方法生存下来。它们永远不会注意到太阳的消失，并将继续保持正常状态。
William Mook
Nov 16, 2017 · 395 upvotes



While the surface of the earth would be 10 Kelvin or -263 Celsius and the atmosphere would liquefy and the oceans freeze solid, the geothermal gradient would still exist.
Rising at a rate of 20 Celsius per kilometre to a depth of 410 km and 820 Celsius higher than the surface humans would find the Earth at a depth of 15 kilometres to be at room temperature.
Geothermal gradient - Wikipedia

尽管到时候地球表面的温度将为10开氏度或零下263摄氏度，大气将被液化，海洋将冻结固体，但地热梯度仍然存在。
按照每公里升温20摄氏度的速度计算，到410公里的深度，它的温度将比地表高出820摄氏度，人类会发现地球在15公里的深度下降保持室温。
“地温梯度”

So depending on how long we had it is conceivable that we would build great nuclear powered tunneling machines that would dig to a depth of 15 km and then spiral outward. Powered by nuclear fuels extracted from the rock being mined and also extracting all other materials needed from the rock.
Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

因此，这取决于我们能在多长时间内建造出伟大的核动力隧道掘进机，它可以挖到15公里的深度，然后向外旋转开来。它由从岩石中提取的核燃料驱动，并从岩石中提取所需的所有其他材料。
“地壳中元素的丰度”

There is enough thorium Lithium and Deuterium in the excavated rock to power these cities for thousands of years even after excavating the rock and separating out the raw materials. Excavation would continue for this reason.

在挖掘岩石和分离原材料的过程中，挖掘出的岩石中有足够的钍、锂和氘来为这些城市发电数千年。基于这个原因，挖掘工作将继续进行下去。

 

 



The space colony studies of the 1970s designed cities of 10,000 people in a 1.8 km diameter ring.
Stanford torus - Wikipedia

20世纪70年代的太空殖民地研究设计出了可供1万人居住的城市，它的直径为1.8公里。
“斯坦福环”

That ring is a 130 m diameter tube 5.75 km long when unwound into a straight tube. About 2,000 people per km of length. Complete with air water and food fully recycled. Projected area 735,000 sq m. Requires 184 MW power supply average capable of powering a 735 MW sunlamp peak at high noon. Creates quite loveable conditions.
All 7.2 billion humans require 3.6 million km of tube to house us. The cool part is that the Earth could House 2.4 billion km of tube cities by spiralling out from the starting point to cover the entire Earth.

当这个环被拆解开，拉伸成为一条直线时，它是一根直径为130米、长5.75公里的管子。其中每公里大约居住2000人。空气、水和食物是经过彻底回收的。它的投影面积为73.5万平方米，需要184兆瓦的电力供应，能够在中午的时候为735兆瓦的太阳灯峰值能耗供电。它创造了非常舒适的条件。
地球上所有的72亿人需要360万公里的管道来容纳。很酷的一点是，地球可以通过从起点螺旋上升来覆盖整个地球，从而创造出24亿公里的管道城市。

3d printers and self replicating machines build the cities behind the excavator while humans plants and animals are brought from the surface before it froze.
The excavators themselves replicate and split into two tunnels. Then operate in parallel after. Each making room for the other.
So we program the first excavator to spiral outward like this so there is room for all the daughter diggers until we reach the equator. Then we shut down diggers until we reach the opposite pole.

3D打印机和自我复制的机器在掘进机后面建造城市，而人类、植物和动物则在被冻住之前就从表面被带了进来。
掘进机自己复制并分别挖掘两个隧道。然后在之后并行操作。每台掘进机都为对方创造空间。
所以我们设计了第一个挖掘机像这样螺旋向外旋转，这样就有了所有的子掘进机创造了空间，直到我们抵达赤道地区。然后直到我们抵达了另一个极点，我们才关闭掘进机。

How long would all this digging take? Well if we dug 821 meters in a day we would cover 5.75 km in a week. It would take 3 weeks just to get to depth. Let’s say replication time is 3 weeks. So we start at depth with two tunnels already. So the first 20,000 are housed in the first month.
Two weeks later another 40,000 are housed and we have 4 machines now. Three weeks later 120,000 more a total of 180,000.
Now we have the formula it takes 250 days to house everyone on earth in fairly fine condition.

这些挖掘工作需要多长时间？如果我们一天挖821米，一周就能挖5.75千米。要达到指定深度需要3周时间。假设自我复制时间是3周。所以到时候我们已经在这一深度挖掘出了两条隧道。所以第一个月就有首批2万人可以入驻。
两周后，又有4万人住了进来，我们现在拥有4台机器。三周后，又有12万人住了进来，总共有18万人。
现在我们已经有了公式，那么根据计算，我们需要250天的时间来让地球上的每个人都处于相当好的状态。

The entire Earth is covered with tunnels as described on 845 days! starting with one machine.
Two diggers excavate 0.457926 cubic kilometers in three weeks. The tunnels excavate nearly the volume of the Pacific oceans. So it would be interesting to start another tunnel system at a slightly different depth at the bottom of the Pacific to drain it into a tunnel system. With sun lamp and power supply surface conditions could be maintained. A third setup for all land life. Self replicating nuclear powered drones would sweep up entire ecologies and deposit them in the tubes.
To reduce traffic in the first tube select daughter probes would drive to the surface to create access points on a regular basis.
In this way the Earth would be saved.

整个地球都被隧道所覆盖，这需要845天的时间！从一台机器开始。
两台掘进机在三周内挖掘出了0.457926立方千米的空间。这些隧道挖掘出了相当于太平洋的几乎全部体积的空间。因此，在太平洋底部的一个稍微不同的深度开始挖掘另一个隧道系统，将太平洋的海水放入到一个隧道系统中是很有趣的。有了太阳灯和电源供应，地表条件就可以维持住了。以下是针对所有陆地生命的第三个步骤。自我复制的核动力无人机将横扫整个生态系统，并将它们储存在管道中。
为了减少第一个试管的流量，经过选择的子探测器将会驱动到表面，以定期创建接入点。
这样，地球就能得救了。

Sunanda Kesavadas
Jun 20
Would the earth still be revolving/rotating as before? Does the sun not have a role in maintaining orbit? Or does that get taken care of by the solution you provide? What about the other planets - if they lose orbit, while earth continued on as before.

地球会像以前一样自转和公转吗？太阳还会在维持地球运行轨道上起作用吗？或者这个问题在你所提供的解决方案会得到解决了吗？那么其他的行星呢——如果它们失去了运行轨道，地球还会继续像以前一样继续运行。

William Mook
Jun 21
The inertia and gravity is unaffected by the light. So, rotation and orbits are unaffected.

惯性和重力不受光线的影响。所以，旋转和轨道不受影响。

Sunanda Kesavadas
Jun 21
Question said “if sun disappeared”. I thought it was referring to the entire star, not just its light. :-) If the entire star went ‘poof’, would be interesting for sure.

问题说的是“如果太阳消失了”。我认为它指的是整个恒星都消失了，而不仅仅是它的光。但如果整颗星都“消失”了，那肯定会很有趣。

William Mook
Jun 21
Oh I hadn't thought of that!
Well it depends on the details.
If the Sun went 'poof' that is non-physical. However the rotation of the planets would be unaffected. Solar tides would disappear. That would change rotation slightly. The planets would continue tangent to the orbital position where the sun magically went poof. The moon would still be in its orbit.
The planets are still moving in the same plane and those closest the sun have the greatest relative speed. The Earth is moving 30 km/sec and Jupiter 13 km/sec. If they happen to be moving in opposite direction at 6.2 AU separation awsy from one another they will never see one another again. If they happpen to be moving in the same direction 103 days later Earth could be captured in a highly elliptical orbit by Jupiter.
A more accurate physical interaction would be a black hole 10 x as massive as the Sun passing near the Sun in a way that steals the Sun without disrupting its output and sends Earth and Moon in one direction and Sun and other planets scattered in other directions.

哦，我还没想过这个问题呢！
这取决于细节。
如果太阳“消失”了，那就没有物质存在了。然而，行星的旋转不会受到影响。太阳潮将会消失。这将会稍微改变地球的自转。行星将会继续沿着太阳神奇地消失时它所在的轨道位置的切线运行。月球仍将在它的轨道上。
行星仍然在同一平面上运动，而那些离太阳最近的行星的相对速度是最大的。地球的移动速度是每秒30公里，木星是每秒13公里。如果它们恰巧在距离6.2天文单位的地方向背运行，那它们就再也不会看到彼此了。如果它们是在103天之后出现这种变化，那么两者将相向运行，那么地球就会在木星的高度椭圆轨道上被捕获。
一个更精确的物理上的相互运动是一个从太阳附近经过的一个质量是太阳十倍的黑洞，它将在不破坏太阳的情况下偷走了太阳，并让地球和月球向一个方向发送，太阳和其他行星则朝着其他方向散开。

Moving radially from the Sun at say 30 km/sec drops energy in a well defined way: 1 AU every 57.7 days.
1 month 45%
2 month 25%
3 month 16%
4 month 11%
5 month 8%
6 month 6%

如果地球以30千米/秒的速度远离太阳的话，能量将以一种确定的方式下降：每57.7天远离1天文单位。
第1个月下降45%
第2个月下降25%
第3个月下降16%
第4个月下降11%
第5个月下降8%
第6个月下降6%

So it would take a month for endless winter to appear deepen and encase the Earth in ice. Though it would be years before the air rained down.
Another approach would be to use a satellite powered by fusion bombs with light focused by a large lens.
This requires 648.2 kg/sec of Li6D be exploded in a way that maintains a working gas at 5770 Kelvin in a sphere a light bulb 29.3 km in diameter. 
At Earth Moon Lagrange point 1 such a satellite would be supplied with 6.482 kg bomblets detonated at 100x per second. 20.44million tons/year.

因此，在一个月的时间里，无尽的冬天将会逐渐变得严重，并将地球包裹在冰层中。尽管在空气液化成雨水降下之前，还要经过好几年时间。
另一种方法是使用一颗由聚变核弹提供动力的卫星，用一个大透镜聚焦光线。
这需要每秒有648.2公斤的氘化锂被引爆，以保证能够在一个直径为29.3公里的电灯泡上维持能够起作用的气体处于5570开尔文度的温度。
在地月拉格朗日点一上，这样的一颗卫星将需要每颗6.482公斤的小炸弹以每秒一百颗的速度被引爆。那就是每年2044万吨的氘化锂。

Ashido Kono
Jul 10
It is a reason why we rotate around the sun. And not the sun rotating around the earth. Genius

这是我们绕着太阳公转而不是太阳绕着地球转的一个原因。真是天才

Sachin Jaiswal
May 3 · 24 upvotes including William Mook
There should be a movie on this.

应该派一部关于这个问题的电影。

Sam Anthony
May 12 · 5 upvotes including Sachin Jaiswal
There is, its Called Snowpiercer (2013) starring Chris Evans, The earth is frozen for similar reasons but in the movie its climate change I am not sure if the sun has gone complete out. Most of life is dead except those on the Train/Drill called the “Snowpiercer,” which tunnels through the earth in a spiral similar to what we are talking about on here. The movie was so-so because of course they have to make it an action movie instead of it being science fiction, I would have been interested if they had done it more like “Day after tmrw” where they are more focused on the science stuff then making it Chris Evans fighting people on the train. But its still fun movie, just would have been a GREAT movie if it had focused on the science and how the earth got that way and such, similar to “The Martian” or other movies where its more about whats going on in the world then it being an action flick set on the train only.

有一个叫《雪国列车》（2013年）的电影，由克里斯·埃文斯主演，讲的是地球因类似的原因而被冻结，但在电影里的气候变化中，我不确定太阳是否已经完全消失了。除了那些被称为“雪国列车”的火车和掘进机，地球上的大部分生命都已经死亡，它在地球上制造的螺旋就像我们在这里所说的那样。电影当然很一般，因为他们必须让它像一部动作片，而不是科幻片。如果他们把它制作地更像《后天》的话，我会很感兴趣的，在《后天》中，他们更注重科学的东西，而不是让克里斯·埃文斯成为在火车上打架的人。但它仍然是一部有趣的电影，如果它将注意力集中在科学方面，以及地球将面临怎样的状况，有点类似于《火星救援》或其他更多的去描述世界上发生了什么的电影，而不是一部将背景设置在火车上的动作片的话，它将会是一部伟大的电影。

Synopsis: Set in 2031, the entire world is frozen except for those aboard the Snowpiercer. For 17 years, the world's survivors are on a train hurtling around the globe creating their own economy and class system. Led by Curtis, a group of lower-class citizens living in squalor at the back of the train are determined to get to the front of the train and spread the wealth around. Each section of the train holds new surprises for the group who have to battle their way through. A revolution is underway.

剧情简介：剧情设定在2031年，当时整个世界都被冻结了，除了那些身处雪国号列车上的人。过去17年以来，世界各地的幸存者都乘坐着一列火车在全球各地飞驰，创造了属于他们自己的经济和阶级制度。在柯蒂斯的带领下，一群生活在火车尾部肮脏角落的下层民众决心走到列车的前部，瓜分他们的财富。火车的每一部分都给那些不得不为自己战斗的人们带来了新的惊喜。一场革命正在进行中。

Nicolas Desveaux
Jun 20
Snowpiercer is more a story about the strattas of society than the science part of it. Showing you how little some people live by (roach based food) and how they’re kept in line whilst those that have relish in riches never dreamed of

《雪国列车》更多的是一个关于社会阶层的故事，而不是有关科学的故事。它向你展现了一些人的生活是多么艰苦（用蟑螂制作的食物）以及他们是如何以那些享受着财富的人却从未梦想过的方式团结一致的

Nils Lindgren
Jun 20
Can we drill a tunnel at a depth of 15 km? If I remember corretly, the hole drilled in the Kamtchatka peninsula which reached a depth of 12 km, could not be continued due to the unexpected properties of rock at that level - it was much more plastic than had previously been thought.

我们能钻一条隧道抵达15公里深的地方吗？如果我急得没错的话，在堪察加半岛上钻出的洞达到了12公里深，由于那个深度的岩石出现了意想不到的特性，它无法继续下去钻下去了——它比之前所预想的更加具有可塑性。

William Mook
Jun 21 · 1 upvote from Nils Lindgren
The studied done with nuclear subterrenes by Los Alamos researchers didn’t find this.

洛斯·阿拉莫斯的研究人员对核反应堆进行的研究并没有发现这一点。

Leonard Kinyanjui
May 16 · 3 upvotes
I wonder if human greed and selfishness can really allow this. Maybe for a few but not whole earth

我想知道人类的贪婪和自私是否真的能让这样的场景发生。也许会实现一部分，但不是整个地球

Eric Davis
Jun 12 · 1 upvote
I came to say the same thing. There’s no way that those currently in power would bother to save everyone. Hell, we could end world hunger right now but it’s not going to happen because there are profits to be made.

我也认同你的观点。目前掌权的人不可能费心去拯救每一个人。见鬼，我们现在可以结束全球性的饥饿，但这是不可能的，因为我们需要创造利润。

William Mook
Jun 21 · 2 upvotes
Its more than profits. Its power. If everyone is a little hungry, they are a little scared, and a little crazy. This puts a clear thinking person in charge.
If all are well fed, then the artificial scarcity is gone, and people start thinking more clearly, and asking more difficult questions and power is lost.
The psychopaths that run things fail to see the benefits that accrue by giving up power and creating vastly more wealth than at present.
They have to be identified, routed out, and removed from the genome.

不只是利润。还有权力。如果每个人都饿着，他们会有点害怕，有点疯狂。这种状况得让一个头脑清晰的人来负责。
如果一切都很好，那么人为的稀缺性就消失了，人们开始思考得更清楚了，那么他们就会提出更严峻的要求，权力也就消失了。
掌权的心理变态者没有看到放弃权力和创造比现在更多的财富所带来的好处。
他们必须被识别出来，被清除，并从基因组中移除走。

Eric Davis
Jun 21 · 1 upvote
Yes, of course. In much of the world, money=power.

是的，当然。在世界的大部分地区，金钱就等于权力。

Martin Bachmann
Dec 18, 2017 · 4 upvotes
That's an interesting calculation. If you were a Swiss though, you'd be a bit careful there, so many unexpected things that can slow down such a project. You would compare the numbers to the latest real-world tunnelling experience: Gotthard Base Tunnel - Wikipedia - that however was more or less horizontal excavation, so removing material was easy compared to our project here.

这是一个有趣的计算。如果你是一个瑞士人，你在那里得小心点，有很多意想不到的事情会让这样的项目慢下来。你可以将这些数字与最近的真实世界的挖隧道经验进行比较：“哥达德基地隧道”——它不过是水平挖掘，所以与我们在这里说的项目相比，移除堆料是很容易的。

William Mook
Dec 18, 2017 · 10 upvotes
If the sun disappeared and the lithosphere were the solution to our survival I think we would do more than call a tunneling company!
We’d call Los Alamos and ask them where they have gotten to over the last 40 years in nuclear subterrene research?
The figures I quoted are from the attached report. The debris is molten and compacted insitu after materials to build the interior structure is extracted formed and assembled as the unit goes.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE NUCLEAR SUBTERRENE. (Technical Report)

如果太阳消失了，岩石圈是我们生存的解决之道，我想我们应该做的不仅仅是呼叫一家隧道挖掘公司！
我们会打电话给洛斯阿拉莫斯，问他们在过去的40年里，他们在核研究中取得了什么进展？
我引用的数字来自他们附呈的报告。在建筑内部结构的材料被提取出来后，这些碎片被熔化并压实，形成内部结构。
《对核熔岩钻的初步研究》

Martin Bachmann
Dec 18, 2017 · 1 upvote
Wow, that paper was an interesting read indeed. Seems there was further research: The Nuclear Subterrene - Ever heard of it? - but it turned out to be not much more efficient than traditional drilling. But if the sun disappears and we have some years notice and time to research this and automated reproduction - we could be saved! :)

哇，那篇论文确实是一篇有趣的文章。似乎还有进一步的研究：核熔岩钻——你们听说过吗？但事实证明，它的效率并不比传统的钻头高。但是，如果太阳消失了，我们有几年的时间来研究这个机器，并让它能够自行复制——那样我们就可以得救了！

Adeniran Olawale Lovette
May 22 · 1 upvote
This is a science fiction movie or rather put, its interesting and a movie can be made from this. I'd say provided there are no complications and all things being equal!

这是一部科幻电影，或者更确切地说，它很有趣，一部电影的雏形可以从中产生。我想说的是，如果没有更复杂的情况，而所有的事情都是一样的话！

Jayesh Sharma
Aug 3, 2017 · 47 upvotes
There are few things you didn't consider -
    I bet ocean water would freeze much before Oxygen in turns in to liquid. Geothermal activity won't be sufficient to keep ocean water in liquid state. Some microbes are known to hibernate and survive at extreme temperatures. But they won't continue their normal business like you mentioned.
    I think your answer assumes that the Sun is replaced by a non-star object of equal mass, volume and density. Else solar system would collapse. Earth may escape into void or may engage into a spiral dance of death with Jupiter, if Jupiter’s gravitational influence is great enough at that point.
    If it were to happen suddenly then there is a that chance moon may crash into earth. If that happens it's game over too soon.

还有几个因素是你没有考虑到的：
我敢打赌，海水会在氧气液化之前就结冰了。地热活动不足以使海水保持液态。有些微生物会在极端温度下冬眠并存活下来。但它们不会像你提到的那样继续它们的正常活动。
我认为你的答案是假设太阳被一个质量相等、体积和密度相等的非恒星体所取代。否则太阳系就会崩溃。如果木星的引力影响在这一点上足够大的话，地球可能会逃逸到太空中，或者可能与木星构成螺旋状的死亡之舞。
如果这种情况是突然发生的，那么月亮可能会撞上地球。如果发生这种情况，游戏就会很快结束了。

Olaf Peterson
Oct 11, 2017 · 33 upvotes
All three are wrong.
    geothermal will maintain pockets of liquid water in oceans, not the whole oceans liquid. Microbes will live on in those pockets as they do now.
    If the solar system doesn't collapse under gravitational pull of the sun, why would it collapse in its abscence? Without sun’s pull planets will start moving not in a circular orbits but along straight lines, like when you let go a string when you spin an object on it, like when you hit a black ice on a turn and no friction holds your car on the arc of the road. Collision with other planets has very low probability. if by “dancing” you mean orbiting, it can continue for billions of years, unless it involves tidal forces causing significant deformation of a planet. Not sure any of the planets, big or small can capture earth into an orbit.
    Sun does not propell the moon to keep it in orbit. So neither moon nor artificial satellites won’t stop and fall on us if sun disappears.

你说的所有这三点都是错误的。
地热将让海洋保持液态水的存在，但不是整个海洋都保持液态。微生物会像现在这样生活在这些空间里。
如果太阳系统不会在太阳的引力作用下坍塌，为什么它会在它的脓性中坍塌呢？没有太阳的引力将开始不在一个圆形轨道的行星,但沿着直线,就像当你放手一个字符串当你旋转对象,就像当你触及黑冰,没有摩擦会握着你的车在路的弧。与其他行星的碰撞概率很低。如果你所说的“跳舞”是绕轨道运行的，它可以持续数十亿年，除非它涉及到潮汐力引起行星的重大变形。不确定任何一颗行星，无论大小，都能将地球捕获到一个轨道上。
太阳并没有推动月球将其留在轨道上。因此，如果太阳消失，月球和人造卫星都不会停止并落在我们身上。

Thabiso Nkiwane
May 2
Your answer is just for argument's sake, nothing solid

你的答案只是为了论证，没有任何可靠的内容

Sandipan Bala
May 5 · 3 upvotes
While this sure is a pretty neat take, it would be interesting to consider how the gravitational force that is keeping the planets’ revolutionary paths intact would behave post the disappearance of Sun.
While a tangential motion due to inertia is expected to lead the Earth following a straight line path in the “solar” system, it’s consideration would be interesting to note as well.

虽然这是一个相当不错的选择，但探讨一下保持行星的公转路径不受影响的引力会在太阳消失后如何表现出来将是一件很有趣的事情。虽然由于惯性而引起的切向运动预计会在“太阳”系中沿着一条直线路径引导地球的行进，但这一要素也是值得注意。

Roy W. Ross
Aug 7, 2017 · 7 upvotes
Not to put too fine a point on it, but the question asked what would happen if the sun disappeared. Not what would happen if it were extinguished. I submit to you that a consideration you didn't mention is that the loss of gravity supported orbits would be a huge impact. I would be very interested to read your take on the consequences of this.

不说得太细，但问题是，如果太阳消失了，会发生什么。如果它只是熄灭了，就不会发生什么。我请你们注意一个你们没有提到的考虑要素，那就是失去重力所支持的轨道会产生巨大的影响。我很想看看你对这个问题的看法。

Scott Soloway
Aug 10, 2017 · 11 upvotes
This question was merged with a question about the sun being extinguished, so the answer is to the point of that question. In any case, the orbit of the earth about the sun is only important in so far as it keeps us at a position where the sun’s energy keeps the earth at a good temperature for life and provides sufficient light for photosynthesis. If the sun stops shining it won’t matter were we are so there would be no advantage to retaining an orbit.

这个问题和一个关于太阳熄灭的问题合并了，所以答案是关于那个问题的。在任何情况下，地球围绕太阳的轨道都是很重要的，因为它使我们处于一个太阳能量让地球保持合适温度的位置，并为光合作用提供足够的光线。如果太阳停止发光，那么不管我们在哪里，保持一条轨道是没有任何好处的。

Suyash Manjul
Apr 28 · 18 upvotes
Since the Question is asking about “disappearance” of the Sun. I think we should also take into consideration that Gravity is also going to go, which holds the earth in its orbit along with other planets. We are also likely to come in way of a comet or something and also the earth's rotation may also stop. We are also likely to collide to the Moon.

因为这个问题是关于太阳“消失”的情况。我认为我们也应该考虑到将地球和其他行星一起保持在它的轨道上的重力也会消失。我们也可能会成为彗星或其他的东西，地球的自转也可能停止。我们也很可能会撞上月球。

David Terry
Aug 24, 2017 · 4 upvotes
Watching the temperature drop during the eclipse, I have a hard time believing we could “get by for months this way”. Or that it would take “1–3 years” to freeze over. It seems like it would drop so much faster than that. (but I don’t have any scientific basis, it’s just a gut feeling)

看着日食期间气温的下降，我很难相信我们能“以这种方式度过几个月”，或者说完全冻上需要“1到3年时间”。看起来速度会比这快得多。（但我没有任何科学依据，这只是一种直觉）

Marian Keller
Aug 28, 2017 · 4 upvotes
The temperature drop during an eclipse is just the sudden diminishment of radiated heat during a sunny day. The actual air and surface temperature drop much slower.

日食期间的温度下降仅仅是在一个阳光灿烂的日子里辐射热的突然减少造成的。实际的空气和地表温度下降得更慢。

Steve Hyman
Sep 21, 2017 · 5 upvotes
I live in Arizona. Once the Sun goes down the temp drops rather quickly here. During winter we have as much as a 30 degree drop from sunset to sunrise. Now imagine no sunrise. It’s going to keep dropping. I’d give mankind about 30 days. All your heat making machinery will freeze.

我住在亚利桑那州。一旦太阳下山，温度就会下降得很快。在冬天，从日落到日出，我们的温度下降了30度。现在想象一下没有日出的情景。温度会一直下降。我会给人类30天的时间。到时候你所有的制热机器都将被冻结。

Matt Pizzuti
May 1
Arizona is dry. Anywhere with a humid climate, especially places near a lake or ocean will take much longer to cool.

亚利桑那州是干燥的。在任何气候潮湿的地方，尤其是靠近湖泊或海洋的地方，都需要更长的时间来冷却下来。

Jesse Krupocin
Feb 15 · 1 upvote
Arizona is odd to begin with though, that place is like living on the surface of the moon but with the climate of the sun. I honestly have no clue how you live there, no offense but it seemed like it would be impossible not to get depressed living there with the constant air conditioner and lifeless landscapes. 120F almost when I was there for a conference last year and the airplanes couldn’t take off it was freaky. I would be pretty nervous about drought etc.

亚利桑那州的情况很奇怪，但这个地方就像生活在月球表面，与太阳的气候有关。老实说，我不知道你是怎么生活在那里的，没有冒犯之意，但生活在那里，看着不断运作的空调和毫无生气的风景，似乎不可能不感到抑郁。当我去年到那里参加一个会议而飞机无法起飞的时候，气温几乎达到了120华氏度。我对干旱的场景会感到很紧张。

Steve Hyman
Feb 25
You haven’t seen most of Arizona. You’d be very surprised.

你还没见过亚利桑那州的大部分地区。你会很吃惊的。

Jesse Krupocin
Mar 1
I actually have seen most of the state, and besides the north being more mountainous and temperate, what part do you disagree with? I meant more so where the vast majority of AZ’s population is though, besides Flagstaff is there really anything up there besides Indian Reservation land? 90% of the state lives in Metro PHX or the southern half of the state anyway.

我实际上已经看到了这个州大部分的地区，而且除了北部的多山地区和气温，你对哪一部分有不同的看法？我的意思是，除了弗拉格斯塔夫比较繁荣之外，除了印第安保留地之外，还有什么东西吗？不管怎样，这个州90%的人都生活在大都会凤凰城或该州的南部地区。

Steve Hyman
Mar 3
Then please pay more attention to what you say. Phoenix is not the entire State. Just as the stain Philadelphia is not the rest of beautiful Pennsylvania.

那么请多注意你说的话。凤凰城不是整个州。就像肮脏的费城并不是美丽的宾夕法尼亚的其余地方一样。

Joshua James Hillerup
Feb 25
Ok, if the Sun vanishes the first thing you should travel to a coastal area.

好吧，如果太阳消失了，你应该去沿海地区旅行。

Soumalya Som Seal
Apr 25 · 4 upvotes
You assumed that the sun is replaced by something equally massive that do not give heat and light. I guess if you remove it completely, earth and all the planets will rocket out of their orbits.

你假设太阳被同样质量的东西所取代，而这些东西不提供光和热。我想如果你把它完全移除掉的话，地球和其他所有行星都会从它们的轨道上飞出去。

Alan Hall
Dec 16, 2017 · 1 upvote
It would be the apocalypse, much violence and despair, mass suicides. However, with enough warning time, it would be possible to construct a large self sufficient underground shelter capable of preserving the human race indefinitely, much like the colony we hope to build on Mars. This would not be a bunker, but a colony capable of growing its own crops and digging out new spaces, mining, refining, and all manner of manufacturing.

这将是世界末日，充满了暴力和绝望，会出现大规模的自杀行为。然而，如果有足够的预警时间，人们就有可能建造一个足够大的自给自足的地下避难所，能够无限期地保护人类，就像我们希望在火星上建造的殖民地一样。这不是一个地堡，而是一个能够种植自己的庄稼，挖掘新空间、采矿、冶炼和进行各种制造的殖民地。

Christopher L Wood
May 9
“There are microbes and other life at the bottom of the oceans by geothermal vents. They are too deep for the sun to reach them and use other means to survive. They will never notice the sun is missing and continue on as normal.”
I think that eventually they would suffer from the lack of photosynthesis happening that would cause energy to be added in to the ecosystem.
It would probably take quite a while though.

“海洋底部有依赖于地热喷口的微生物和其他生命存在。它们所处的位置太深了，无法接触到阳光，必须通过其他的方法生存下来。它们永远不会注意到太阳的消失，并将继续保持正常状态。”
我认为，最终它们会因为缺乏能够将能量添加到生态系统中的光合作用而蒙受损失。
不过，这可能需要相当长的一段时间。

David Freed
Jul 14, 2017 · 7 upvotes including Craig Weiler
I have a vague recollection of a short SF story (which I think was also turned into a short TV play) in which the sun had gone out, or the Earth had been knocked out of solar orbit - same result, drastic cooling. In the story a family kept themselves barely alive by collecting oxygen snow / rain and warming it by their meager fire. They slowed down the loss of breathable atmosphere in there home by living in a small space which was surrounded by many rows of surrounding, concentric curtain barriers. Does anybody know of this story?

我隐约记得一个简短的科幻故事（我认为它也变成了一个部电视短剧），在其中，太阳已经消失了，或者地球已经被撞出了环日轨道——期中出现了同样的结果，温度剧烈下降。在这个故事里，一个家庭靠收集氧气和雨水来维持自己的生命，并通过他们微薄的火力加热它。他们住在一个小空间里，周围环绕着许多环绕的同心窗帘屏障，从而减缓了那里呼吸的空气的流失。有人知道这个故事吗？

Glenn Talbott
Jul 15, 2017 · 11 upvotes including David Freed
“A Pail of Air” by Fritz Leiber, 1951

《一桶空气》——弗里茨·莱伯，1951年

David Frazier
Oct 25, 2017 · 15 upvotes
You’ve made this mostly about temperature. And that factor is far down the list of calamity should the Sun cease to burn. It’s mostly about Photosynthesis. Study that and then present a more academic answer to this question. Without the Sun, all plant life would die within a week to two at most. Plant life’s contribution to our ability to breathe properly is paramount. Furthermore, their contribution to the symbiotic circle of life is unmatched. And it is also false to say that microbic life will “continue on as normal.” That’s bad if not altogether false science. No, they will also die. The oceans would become unlivable because of the absence of photosynthesis before they dry up completely. So many are misinformed or ignorant concerning photosynthesis and its crucial science.

这主要与温度有关。如果太阳不再燃烧，这个因素在灾难名单中的排位就会大大降低。它主要是与光合作用有关。请研究这个问题，然后给出一个更学术的答案来回答这个问题。如果没有太阳，所有植物都将在一周内死亡，最多两周。植物对我们的呼吸是最重要的。此外，它们对共生的生命循环的贡献是无与伦比的。而且，说微生物将“继续照常存在”也是错误的。如果这不是完全错误的伪科学，那就糟糕了。不，它们也会死。海洋将变得不适宜居住，因为在它们完全干涸之前没有光合作用。如此多的人对光合作用及其关键科学原理有错误的或无知的认识。

Mike Moore
Feb 8 · 4 upvotes
I’m not sure about the idea of plants “starving” to death due to lack of photosynthesis before they freeze to death, but I’m sure both types of death will occur with varying results by region and species. Anyway, I’d encourage you not to nitpick on this tiny detail and think of the larger point of the question:
99.99999% (plus or minus some 9s) of ALL life is going to die one way or another from such a calamity, since most earthbound life is dependent on the sun. However, life just needs an energy source, and while the sun’s the biggest one we’ve got, it’s not the only one. The earth has abundant resources of geothermal and nuclear energy, so some tiny fraction of life on earth will, uh, “find a way”.

我不确定认为植物“饿死”是由于在被冻死之前缺乏光合作用，但我确信这两种类型的死亡都将因为地区和物种的不同而导致不同的结果。不管怎样，我鼓励你不要挑剔这个小细节，想想这个问题的更大的一个要点：
99.99999%的生命将会以这样或那样的方式（在9秒左右的时间里）死去，因为大多数地球生命都依赖于太阳。然而，生命只是需要一个能量源，而太阳是我们所拥有的最大的能量源，但它并不是唯一的。地球上有丰富的地热资源和核能资源，所以地球上的一小部分生命将会“找到一种方法”。

The reference to microbial life is specific to those organisms that are already getting by with no input from the sun (and isn’t just microscopic, by the way: The Microbes That Keep Hydrothermal Vents Pumping) Supposing the same geothermal vents that provide them with “food” can also keep some amount of liquid water present, these ecosystems can just “continue on as normal”. We suspect that this form of life could also exist now elsewhere in the solar system in places like Europa, which is otherwise about as frozen as Earth would be without the sun.
But while tiny pockets of life surviving at the seafloor is cool and all, the question was about humans. Can we adapt fast enough to survive? Our survival now is almost entirely based on sun-powered ecosystems, but we know how to harness other types of energy. We can burn up all the fossil fuels left (we sure won’t care about global warming anymore!) and survive for thousands of years or more with nuclear energy (the sun’s just a big nuclear reactor, after all). And you know that photosynthesis works with artificial light, too, right?

这里所提及的微生物特指的是那些无需获取太阳光能的生物 (顺便说一下，不仅仅是围观生物：《让深海热液喷口不断喷发的微生物》)。假设这样的深海热液喷口既能够为它们提供“食品”，也可以维持一定的液态水的存在，那么这些生态系统就可以继续正常存在了。我们甚至怀疑，这种生命形式也可能存在于太阳系的其他地方，比如木卫二，它就像被冻结的地球一样没有阳光的照耀。
但是，尽管在海底生存的微小生命是很酷的一件事，但问题是关于人类的。我们能适应得足够快吗？我们现在的生存几乎完全依赖于太阳能的生态系统，但我们知道如何利用其他类型的能源。我们可以烧掉所有剩下的化石燃料（我们肯定不会再关心全球变暖了！），然后用核能存活数千年甚至更久的时间（毕竟，太阳只是一个巨大的核反应堆）。你知道光合作用也可以在人造光环境下工作，对吧？

Obviously, most of us aren’t going to make it, but the few among us crafty enough to survive those first few days or weeks might not just survive but thrive. We (and the plants and animals we bring with us) can live on in domes on the surface, tunnels underground, and perhaps even in space. The earth will essentially become a giant spaceship wandering the void anyway - perhaps we can even one day devise a way to “steer” it toward a replacement star if we so desire - but the humans still around at that point would probably thinks that’s a crazy idea; why subject yourself to the unpredictable radiation of a star when you’re doing just fine with “homegrown” nukes?!

很明显，我们大多数人都不会成功存活下去，但我们当中的少数人足够狡猾，他们能够在最初的几天或几周内活下来，他们可能不仅存活下来，而且还能茁壮成长。我们（以及我们带来的植物和动物）可以生活在地面、地下隧道——甚至在太空中的圆顶屋里。地球本质上将变成一艘巨大的宇宙飞船在虚空中游荡——如果我们愿意的话，也许我们甚至有一天会设计出一种方法来“引导”它飞向一个作为替代选项的恒星——但是那时候的人类可能会认为这是一个疯狂的想法；当你凭借“自家制造”的核武器过得很好时，为什么要让自己接受不可预测的恒星辐射呢？

Kailash Bishnoi
Apr 29
You missed one most important factor, Gravity. All the celestial bodies are moving on a particular path due to gravity balance. Our earth is also on elliptical path due to gravity of sun. If sun disappears then at that very moment earth will escape that celestial path. There will be chaos and it will not take more time for earth to collapse.

你漏掉了一个最重要的因素——重力。由于重力的平衡，所有天体都在一条特定的路径上运动。由于太阳的重力，我们的地球也在椭圆轨道上运行。如果太阳消失了，那么地球就会逃离那条天体轨道。到时候将会出现混乱，地球不用多久时间就会崩溃。

Pranav Gadre
Apr 27
I have a plan.
We can use superconductor motors as compressor for air conditioners and we need not to worry about electricity, further we can use these to produce electricity and distribute it for all application purposes. We can create a a structure like shown in The Martian (film) - Wikipedia .

我有一个计划。
我们可以用超导体作为空调的压缩机，我们不需要担心电力，我们可以用这些来发电，并将其分配到所有的应用项目中。我们可以建造一个类似于《火星救援》中的建筑

Amos Shapir
Jul 16, 2017 · 6 upvotes including Craig Weiler
The only place on earth which uses geothermal energy, and is already well protected against extreme cold, is Iceland.

冰岛是地球上唯一使用地热能的地方，而且它已经可以很好地抵御极端寒冷了。

David Deitsch
Fri
Do you ever read science fiction? Even if you don't, you would probably enjoy a short story by one of my favorite authors, Fritz Leiber, titled “A Pail of Air”. It is quite good, and compliments your answer. (PS: It is also a great read.)

你读过科幻小说吗？即使你没读过，你也可能会喜欢我最喜欢的作家弗里茨·莱伯的短篇小说，书名为《一桶空气》。很好，你的答案令人赞叹。（另外：这也是一本好书。）

Nishad Naik
Apr 27
Wouldn't all of the planets in the solar system go haywire? We will also experience the strong gravitational pull of Jupiter also Earth is not at a safe distance from it to just revolve like it used to before Sun. We have a huge possibility of Jupiter consuming Earth way before we start feeling cold.

难道太阳系里的所有行星都不会陷入混乱吗？我们也将体验到木星强大的引力，地球与它之间的距离并不算安全，就像太阳之前一样。在我们开始感到寒冷之前，有很大的可能性已经步上了木星消费地球的道路。

James Gosling
Apr 24 · 5 upvotes including Craig Weiler
Am I the only one sitting here feeling awfully insignificant and depressed after reading this?
Am I the only one sitting here feeling awfully insignificant and depressed after reading this?

我是唯一一个坐着看完这篇文章后感到非常虚无和沮丧的人吗？

Picklu Debnath
Apr 24 · 1 upvote
You have missed one big point. The photosynthesis will be stopped. If the thermal power plants still operates at usual pace, 3 days will be too long to close earth life chapter.

你漏掉了一个要点。光合作用将会停止。即便火力发电厂仍正常运行，对于地球生命章节的终结而言，三天时间也太长了。

Jerome Bigge
Nov 1, 2017 · 1 upvote
There is an old SF story, “A Pail of Air” that goes into this. In the story the Earth was dragged away from the Sun by something like a neutron star. The author didn’t really explain how they could retain breathable air when it was completely airless and a total vacuum outside their survival shelter. Best bet if there was enough warning would be a very deep mine where there would still be heat from the Earth’s interior. Even then, some way would be needed to supply breathable air, food, etc. Energy source would need to be nuclear.

有一个古老的科幻故事《一桶空气》讲的就是这个故事。在这个故事里，地球被像中子星这样的东西拖走了。作者并没有真正解释如何在完全没有空气的情况下维持可呼吸的空气，以及在他们的生存避难所之外的完全真空。我的猜测是，如果那里足够温暖，那么它可能是一个非常深的矿井，那里仍然会有来自地球内部的热量。即使这样，它也需要某种方式来提供可呼吸的空气、食物等。所需的能源将是核能。

DHAWAN NITISH
May 3
I don’t know if its scientifically all true, but it was fun reading that. Reading it was like watching a movie.

我不知道它在科学上是否都是真的，但读起来很有趣。阅读这篇小说就像看电影一样。

Mike Smith
Dec 18, 2017
Craig. Did you see the recent news story about a man and wife who began stockpiling food in the 1970s? The wife died, and the husband donated all of the food to victims of the hurricane in Puerto Rico. I don't recall specifically, but I calculated that the food they preserved would have lasted hundreds of years for a small community.
I understand the issue of having to harvest oxygen, frozen, and later thawed underground.
What I'm wondering…..and considering that worldwide, the temperature underground, under about five feet, is in the mid 50s F year-round, what is the limiting factor for survival?
If the sun disappeared tomorrow, how long would the earth’s core continue to provide enough heat to underground dwellers such that they could sustain life, assuming the underground dwellers have enough food and ability to harvest oxygen?
And if the earth’s core provides enough heat for underground dwellers, it seems that if said dwellers can figure out how to sustain oxygen (seems kinda easy), if they could utilize windmills at the surface to generate electricity, such people could set up underground farms using artificial lighting.
It is a far-fetched idea, but do you think it could work?

你有没有看过最近的新闻报道？一个男人和妻子在20世纪70年代开始囤积食物？之后妻子去世了，丈夫把所有的食物都捐赠给了波多黎各的飓风受害者。我不太记得具体数字了，但我计算过，他们保存的食物将会维持一个小社区数百年的生活。
我知道必须要收集氧气，冷冻，然后在地下解冻这回事。
我想知道，考虑到世界范围内，地下在5英尺以下的温度维持在50华氏度左右的情况下，生存的限制因素是什么？
如果明天太阳消失了，假设地下居民有足够的食物和能力来获取氧气，地核还能在多长时间内为地下的居民提供足够的热量，让他们能够维持生命？
如果地球的核心为地下居民提供了足够的热量，那么如果居民们能够找到维持氧气的方法（这点似乎很容易），如果他们可以利用地表的风车来发电，这样人就可以利用人工照明建立地下农场了。
这是一个牵强附会的想法，但你认为它能奏效吗？

Charl Albertyn
May 1 · 1 upvote from Craig Weiler
That last paragraph is a real silver lining, appreciate it!

最后一段是真正的失望中的一线希望，谢谢！

Steven P Robinson
Oct 19, 2017 · 1 upvote
There is a science fiction story in my library that posits the scenario you outline, down to the bucket of atmospheric snow brought into renew the air in the shelter.

我在图书馆里看过一个科幻故事，它描绘了你勾勒出的场景，用一桶大气凝成的雪来更新避难所里的空气。

Prasad Kulkarni
May 6
And it would be interesting to also consider the following:
    Sun has suddenly disappeared.
    The barycenter now moves suddenly from close to the sun to closer to Jupiter
    All planes change their direction suddenly, some may fly off like a sling shot, and some may follow a lot more elongated path.
    How soon would earth hit another planet?

此外，还应考虑以下几点：
太阳突然消失了。
现在，重力中心突然从靠近太阳的地方移动到离木星更近的地方
所有的行星都突然改变了方向，有些可能会像被弹射一样飞离，有些可能会沿着更狭长的轨道运行。
地球在多久之后会撞上另一个星球？

Gary Barnet
Aug 25, 2017 · 1 upvote from Craig Weiler
There are also various microbes found in rocks kilometers underround. They would continue on their merry way without ever realising the sun was missing, the oxygen was frozen and that every plant and animal on the surface had died.
Just a couple of articles as examples of these microbes and how they fascinate scientists -
2010 - Mysterious Microbes Found Deep in Earth's Crust
2013 - Deep microbes live long and slow - BBC News
2017 - Scientists discover new microbes that thrive deep in the earth

在地下的岩石中也发现了各种各样的微生物。它们会继续快乐的生活着，不会意识到太阳已经消失了，氧气被冻结了，表面上的每一种植物和动物都死亡了。
以下是几篇证明这些微生物存在以及它们是如何吸引科学家的文章：
2010年——《在地壳深处发现的神秘微生物》
2013年——《地底深处的微生物活得长而慢》——BBC新闻
2017年——《科学家发现了在地球深处生长的新微生物》

Tristin Rammel
Sep 17, 2017
This is an awesome answer, but one topic isn't covered. The collapse of all food chains worldwide (with the exception of atrophic zone sea life). With the sun gone, primary production will cease immediately, and primary consumers all the way up to top level predators will eventually die as the bottom of their food chain is yanked out from beneath them. This will lead to food shortages and an eventual end to non-extremophile (read: thermophiles and hydrothermal vent-dependent oceanic) life.

这是一个很好的答案，但是有一个问题没有被提及。那就是世界范围内所有食物链的崩溃（除了萎缩后的区域性海洋生物）。随着太阳的消失，初级生产过程将立即停止，从初级消费者到顶层猎食者都将最终死亡，因为它们的食物链的底层已经消失。这将导致食物短缺，并最终导致在非极端环境下生存的微生物的生命被终结。

Chas Setterfield
Nov 7, 2017
You mention going outside to get a pail of ‘air’. As you imply, Nitrogen & Oxygen will freeze out at different temperatures, so you might end up with nitrogen ‘snow’ separate from oxygen ‘snow’. So, maybe one scoop of oxygen, 4 of nitrogen, stir & thaw.
Of course, we WILL all eventually die, whether the sun ‘goes out’, or not.

你提到了到户外去盛一桶的“空气”。正如你所暗示的，氮气和氧气会在不同的温度下被冻结，所以你最终可能会从“雪”中分离出氮气。所以，也许需要一勺氧气，四勺氮气，搅拌，然后解冻。
当然，我们最终都会死去，不管太阳是否会熄灭。

Todd Hubers
Nov 16, 2017
It’s possible for people to live on Mars (with big changes in temperature - albeit with a sun).
With planning, lots of resources (money), and the pre-building an underground habitat, it would be feasible for technology to sustain a fraction of the current world population.
How long could the human species survive? A very long time - thousands if not millions of years. They would no longer thrive though.
I imagine with a much smaller eco-system, gene diversity could be a problem to be mindful of. But that smaller population (with ample hygine) would practically halt viral disease evolution (the pool of people-petri-dishes is much smaller).
When will the first people die of sans-sun? See above.

人们有可能会搬到火星上生活（温度有很大的变化——尽管有太阳存在）。
有了规划、大量的资源（资金），以及预先建造的地下栖息地，在技术层面上，用来维持目前世界人口的一小部分是可行的。
人类这个物种能存活多久？很长一段时间——几千年，如果不是几百万年的话。但他们将不再繁荣。
我想，如果有一个小得多的生态系统，基因多样性可能是一个需要注意的问题。但是，较少的人口（拥有足够的超级基因）几乎可以阻止病毒疾病的进化（人类培养皿的总量要小得多）。
第一批因为没有太阳而死的人会在什么时候离开这个世界？见上面所说的。

Keith MacFarland
Jan 15
I doubt ocean life outside perhaps some weird microbes at any depth would survive because plate tectonics and earths thermal activity require the Suns gravitational pull. Without it and the moon as well the earths core would cool as well into a solid core of iron. Earth also would be exposed to all sorts of radiation since our magnetic core would be practically dead and unable to protect the earth. No matter, the picture for human life would cease to exist.

我对海洋生物的存在表示怀疑，也许在任何深度上，某些怪异微生物都能存活下来，因为板块构造和地热活动需要太阳的引力。如果没有它和月亮，地球的核心也会冷却成为一个坚固的铁核。地球也会受到各种各样的辐射，因为我们的磁芯几乎已经死亡，它再也无法保护地球了。无论如何，人类生命的前景将不复存在。

Vishnu Beji
May 2 · 1 upvote
But the first thing that'll happen is that Earth and all other planets will lose the gravitational pull that kept them in their orbits and fly off into the space creating utter chaos.

但首先要发生的是，地球和其他所有的行星将会失去让它们维持在轨道上运行的引力，飞向太空，这将导致完全的混乱。

Sharath Ale
Oct 24, 2017
In your perspective, sun acts only as heat source.
But sun also is a gravity source, it keeps earth, other planets and their moons in orbit, also the asteroid belt.
Once the sun disappears, the planets would be moving in a straight line and probably there might be many collisions with other space objects which would terminate the life even before.
But, this happens only after 7 minutes. It's because, nothing can travel faster than light. Hence we are safe for 7 minutes atleast!

在你看来，太阳只是一个热源。
但是太阳也是一个重力源，它使地球、其他行星和它们的卫星在轨道上各安其位，小行星带也是如此。
一旦太阳消失，行星就会进行直线运动，可能其中会有许多与其他空间物体发生碰撞，甚至在此之前就会让生命终止。
但是，这只发生在7分钟之后。这是因为，没有什么东西能比光传播得更快。因此我们至少在这7分钟内是安全的！

Craig Reynolds
May 2
The Op asked about the Sun disappearing which is much different than going out.
If it just disappeared then the gravity that held the planets in orbit would be gone and the planets would immediately go off into space at their orbital speed. It’s possible the Earth could collide with one of the outer planets or even get pummeled in the Kuipet Belt.
Earth would be lucky if it escaped that and ended as you describe.

提问者询问的是太阳消失后的情况，这和太阳熄灭的情况大不相同。
如果它消失了，那么在轨道上保持行星的引力就会消失，行星会以它们的在轨速度立即窜入太空当中。地球可能会与外行星相撞，甚至可能在柯伊伯带中遭遇撞击。
如果它能逃过这一劫，并以你所描述的方式结束生命，那么地球将是幸运的。

C Lokesh Reddy
May 9
I know that sun is needed for heating up the surface and atmosphere. But why does earth cool down to uninhabitable temperatures in absence of a heat source? Why can’t the earth be at some balancing temperature like 0 degree C, or zero kelvin?

我知道地表和大气的升温是需要太阳的。但是，为什么在没有热源的情况下，地球会冷却到不适宜居住的温度呢？为什么地球不能达到某个平衡温度，比如零摄氏度，或者绝对零度？

Derrick Granowski
Oct 26, 2017
To get potentially needlessly more detailed: wouldn’t it be that after about a week or two of no sunlight, the plants that did exist would die from lack of photosynthesis? Due to the lack of heat, it would be near impossible to maintain even a hydroponic garden? I would say most would be dead long before a year. Mass hysteria would probably occur within the first week and people would probably go cannibal. Can’t imagine any power plants still functioning either, except maybe nuclear, which could benefit from the ever cooling but Earth. Gathering the resources to maintain a power plant in the dark would be near impossible. Also with no new heat, there would be almost no water flow from the ground or oceans? I would imagine that the clouds would fall over time and water would settle into the ground to freeze.
This is way too heavy a thought game, but quite entertaining. I hope many more ideas come…

我提供一点可能是无用的细节：在一两州没有阳光的情况下，那些植物难道不会因为无法进行光合作用而死亡吗？由于缺乏热量，即使是水培农场也几乎不可能维持下去吧？我想说大多数人会在一年后死去。大规模的歇斯底里症状可能会在第一周内出现，人们可能会去吃人肉。无法想象还会有哪一个发电厂仍在运转，除了核电站，它可以从冷却的地球那里受益。在黑暗中收集资源来维持发电厂的运转几乎是不可能的。而且没有新的热能，几乎没有从地面或海洋中流出的水？我可以想象，随着时间的推移，云层会随着时间的推移而降下，水会在地面结冰。
这是一种过于沉重的思维游戏，但相当有趣。我希望涌现出更多的想法。

Jean Ocelot
Jan 4
If humans are around, and will have been able to put Earth into a farther orbit to survive when the Sun becomes a red giant, they will have to put the Earth into a much tighter orbit once the Sun becomes a white dwarf. But even then, the white dwarf will eventually cool down.
I think humanity is going to extinguish itself sometime before then because there will be a pair of leaders in control of nuclear weapons whose juvenile emotions will go to nuclear war. Oh wait …

如果人类还在地球上生存，那么当太阳变成红巨星的时候，人们将能够把地球推到更远的轨道上以继续生存，当太阳变成白矮星的时候，他们将不得不把地球推到一个更近的轨道上。但即便如此，白矮星最终还是会冷却下来。我认为，人类将在此之前的某个时刻消灭它，因为将会有两个控制核武器的领导人，他们的年轻冲动将会导致核战争的爆发。哦，等等……

Edward Willhoft
Aug 26, 2017
Survival time may be substantially enhanced by creating underground environments thus benefitting from geothermal energy and creating a reliable supply of oxygen pumped in from the surface and accessing underground aquifers.

通过创造地下环境，从地热能源中受益，并创造出可靠的从地表抽取氧气和接入地下蓄水层的装置，可以大大延长生存的时间。

Tom K
Sep 25, 2017
Considering the question literally, I think it is not just a matter of temperature. Without the sun there is no gravitational axis that sustains the current movement of our solar system. There would be no "geothermal activity" since the core of the earth would lose much of its activity, if not entirely. The shape of the globe would change, as the level of the oceans, and I believe we would all die while we would be a celestial body plunged into chaos wandering without orbit at all through the vastness of the galaxy.

从字面上来理解，我认为这不仅仅是一个温度问题。没有了太阳，就没有引力轴支撑我们太阳系的运动。因为地球的核心将会停止大部分的活动——如果不是全部的话，到时候就不会有“地热活动”。地球的形状将会发生改变，就像海平面一样，我相信我们都将会死去，而我们将会是一个失去轨道、在浩瀚的银河系中游荡、陷入混乱的天体。

Sanjay Khadda
Feb 11
And all that is assuming earth doesn't collide with other stuff of solar system because of the chaos created by absence of the sun.

所有这些都是在假设地球没有因为太阳消失所造成的混乱而与太阳系的其他天体发生碰撞。

Atul Kumar
Jun 13
Umm….will there be oxygen in the atmosphere even after 30 years?
Don't you think that plants and trees won't be able to photosynthesis due to absence of sunlight, thereby not being able to produce oxygen. And so all the oxygen will be consumed by the living organisms.

嗯……在30年后，大气中还会有氧气吗？
难道你不认为植物和树木由于缺乏阳光而无法进行光合作用，因此无法产生氧气吗？所以所有的氧气都将被生物体消耗掉。

John Randall Snider
Sep 11, 2017
I’ve read that the earth has too much heat to be explained by its proximity to the sun, and the that the extra source of heat is coming from within. The electromagnetic engine inside the earth, the thing that produces magnetic fields, is also producing heat.

我看到过一种说法，它认为地球因为接近太阳而获得了过多的热量，而还有一些热量来自于地球内部。地球内部的电磁引擎既产生了磁场，也在产生热量。

Larry Rogak
Nov 19, 2017
Your answer does not seem to take into account that without the sun, not only would there be no heat, but no light either.

你的答案似乎没有考虑到，没有了太阳，那就不仅没有热量，也没有了光。

Robert Zraick
Dec 1, 2017
I think you are overly optimistic. If the sun disappeared, there would be nothing holding the earth in orbit and it would disintegrate in a matter of seconds.

我认为你过于乐观了。如果太阳消失了，地球轨道上就不会有任何东西，它会在几秒钟内分解的。

Balaji Swaminathan
Apr 23
wow… Very interesting…
As a follow up, would we be able to create an energy source similar to sun, may not be at that scale, with our current scientific knowledge?

哇，非常有趣。
在后续阶段，在我们目前的科学知识框架下，我们是否能够创造出一种类似于太阳——虽然达不到那样的规模——的能量源？

Lilia Jeanne Conde
Jul 23, 2017
But what about the gravity from the sun? Apart from light and heat and radiation that are missing, wouldn’t there be some other effect we feel from something as massive as the sun missing? Could we maybe collide with other planets? or be attracted to some other star or huge planet and enter its orbit?

但是太阳的引力呢？除了缺少的光、热和辐射之外，我们还能从太阳所缺失的东西中感受到一些其他的影响吗？我们会与其他行星相撞吗？或者被其他的恒星或巨大的行星所吸引并进入它的轨道？

Niels Beijer
Jul 26, 2017 · 1 upvote
If the sun would go missing (let’s not go into how that could possibly happen), every planet would go flying in a somewhat straight line, like a stone released from a slingshot. There would be virtually no chance of any planet colliding with another one, the solar system is just to big. I doubt that they could even get close enough to eachother to get locked into an orbit.
My guess is, there would be 8 planets and a dwarf planet each going their seperate way, wandering the milky way, until they get close enough to be ‘adopted’ by another star.

如果太阳消失了（我们不去探究这是怎么发生的），每颗行星都会以一条直线轨迹飞行，就像从弹弓发射出去的石头一样。几乎没有任何行星有可能与另一个行星相撞，太阳系简直太大了。我怀疑它们能否接近彼此，并将对方锁定在一个轨道上。
我的猜测是，8颗行星和1颗矮行星将会分道扬镳，在银河系中漫游，直到它们接近另一颗恒星并被它“收养”为止。

Mike Nofi
Jan 5
It may be posdible to re-engineer nuclear power stations to generate enough heat for a small party of people to survive until the fuel becomes depleted. The main issue would be how to replenish food. With a large enough area it may be possible to grow an indoor garden and fish tanks. Maybe raise some chickens too!

能够为一小群人提供足够的热量，让他们生存下来，直到燃料耗尽的，可能是一种可以得到了重新设计的核电站。主要的问题是如何补充食物。如果有足够大的面积，就有可能设置室内农场和养鱼水箱。还可以养一些鸡！

Norman Wolf
Jan 27 · 1 upvote
You didn’t take into account plant life, and particularly crops and edible plants. They would die pretty quickly. Anything close to harvest could perhaps be salvaged, but if crops were weeks or months away from harvest,. there would be little or no food available.
In cities, most food markets carry only a few days’ worth of fresh produce. This would disappear quickly. On the other hand, cities have a higher concentration of people and of weapons and items that can be used as weapons. They would raid farms and towns for any food supplies, but food would not last long. People who had a few weeks’ or more of food stored would be able to hold out longer and could stay in, but others would have to go out foraging and many of those would be killed.

你没有考虑到植物的生命，尤其是农作物和可食用的植物的生命。它们会很快死去。任何接近收获的东西都有可能被挽救，但如果作物离收获有几周或几个月的时间，那么到时候人们几乎没有或根本没有食物可食用。
在城市里，大多数食品市场只能提供几天的新鲜农产品。它们将很快消失。另一方面，城市的人口密度更高，拥有大量武器和可以被用作武器的物品。他们会袭击农场和城镇，以获取食物，但食物无法保存太久。那些储存了几周或更多食物的人可以坚持更长时间，可以呆在家里，但其他人必须外出觅食，其中很多人会被杀死。

VERY few people would be alive after a month. Probably people in “third world” nations would be better off because they use more fossil fuels for heat and cooking and are used to have little or no technology. People in advanced cultures would be worst off. We are used to having electricity and being able to buy fresh food every week.
30 years? MAYBE a couple of million people would be alive around the world, probably in small groups. I doubt you’d have concentrations of over one thousand people. It takes a lot of food to keep a group that large going. Greenhouses would be no good, solar power would be useless , hydroponics not very useful. Wind and geothermal power would still work, as would nuclear. Hydro power wouldn’t work for long, as water would start to freeze except near the oceans.

一个月后，很少有人能活下来。也许“第三世界”国家的人会过得更好，因为他们用更多的化石燃料来取暖和烹饪，而且很少或根本不需要技术。在发达国家中，人们的生活将是最糟糕的，我们习惯于每周都有电，并且能够买到新鲜的食物。
30年后？到时候也许有几百万人会在世界各地生活，他们可能组成了小群体。我甚至怀疑是否有超过一千人的群体。要保持一个庞大的群体需要大量的食物。温室没有用，太阳能也是没用的，水培法也不是很有用。风能和地热能仍将发挥作用，核能也是如此。水力发电无法长期工作，因为除了海洋附近的地区，水会开始结冰。

I think your answer is far too optimistic. I’m sure I’m missing a lot of consequences, but I grew up on a small. Canadian farm We used gasoline powered tractors on open fields, though we mostly planted gardens by hand. But those were exposed as well. Our cattle were in an unheated barn. They wouldn’t last long. We had a wood/electric stove, and woodshed with enough wood for our use, which was to supplement the oil furnace in our kitchen’s wood stove, since the kitchen wasn’t very well insulated. With no electricity, that was our house’s only source of heat. And we would be better off than most people.
Our root cellar would be stocked up in fall from the harvest of our gardens, but by spring would be largely depleted. We would still have some frozen chickens from our fall slaughter, and beef from slaughtering one of our steers.

我认为你的回答过于乐观了。我肯定我忽略了很多后果，但我是在加拿大的一个小农场里长大的，我们在开阔的田野上使用汽油驱动的拖拉机，尽管我们主要是一个手工种植园。但这些都是暴露在外的。我们的牛生活在一个没有暖气的谷仓里。它们不会存活很长时间。我们有一个烧柴和用电的炉，还有足够的木材供我们使用，这是为了补充我们厨房的炉子里的油炉，因为厨房的隔热效果不太好。如果没有电，那就是我们房子唯一的热源。我们会比大多数人过得更好。
我们在地窖里将菜园的收获中储存起来，但到了春天它们将几乎被耗尽。在我们的秋季屠宰中，我们仍然会保存一些冷冻的鸡，还有屠宰我们的一只牛后剩下的牛肉。

There would be no milk or cheese as we did not keep dairy cattle. No flour etc. We’d have water from our artesian well because it would take awhile for that to freeze. But I think the temperature on most of the surface would drop to close to absolute zero within a few weeks, including the interior of continents. Going out would be impossible without special gear like a spacesuit.

因为我们没有养奶牛，所以不会有牛奶或奶酪。没有面粉等东西。我们从自流井里取水，因为它需要一段时间才会结冰。但我认为，地表大部分地区的温度会在几周内就会下降到绝对零度，包括内陆地区。如果没有像太空服这样的特殊装备，外出是不可能的。

James Quantrill
Jul 18, 2017 · 1 upvote
That is interesting but I would assume that small numbers of humans would survive indefinitely, probably underground, with artificial means of producing food and oxygen. Cloning meat cells, artificial sunlight, geothermal power, fusion power and so on would all play their part.

这很有趣，但我认为，一小部分人会无限期地存活下去，可能是在地下，用人工的方式生产食物和氧气。克隆肉细胞、人造阳光、地热、核聚变能量等等手段都将发挥作用。

Gary McCampbell
Sep 5, 2017
Let see, no we would not see as very quickly all electricity would end, total darkness in a very short time, the moon would disappear; no sun light on it, earth light either, probably leaving orbit, just as the earth, as well ALL of the stuff that was orbiting the sun would also depart their orbits. Total darkness, except a few battery operated lights, which will last only a few hours. Ahh the many details that will all come together-but all in darkness and cold and cold.

让我们看看，不，我们不会很快看到所有的电都消失，在很短的时间内完全陷入黑暗之中，月亮会消失；没有太阳光，地球的折射光，它可能已经脱离了轨道，就像地球一样，所有绕着太阳运行的东西也会脱离它们的轨道。到时候是完全的黑暗，除了几个电池驱动的灯，而它只能持续几个小时。所有的细节都指向了一点——那就是我们将陷入黑暗和寒冷之中。

Prajyot Rajput
Apr 25
I think earth will not revolve and rotate when sun vanishes and ultimately it will lead to collapse of earth and other planets of solar system within minuscule time.

我认为，当太阳消失时，地球将不会自转和公转了，最终它将在极短的时间内导致地球和太阳系其他行星的崩溃。

Steve Lennard
Oct 23, 2017
Silly projection. The earth is a complex system that does produce some heat. But to say it would take a year to freeze ove ignoresthe obvious clue, the Arctic which Starts in summer near 80 degrees, cools to freezing in less than 2 months, and that is with the benefit of some sun, and energy from the sun still present at the lower latitudes continuing influence. No it's obvious the fatal cooling would be much more rapid. Weather and precipitation would end as well in short order as it is the heat in the system that causes wind, and evaporation would end, ending rain, and of course snow. The latter would kill plants and animals we use for food very quickly….

愚蠢的推测。地球是一个复杂的系统，它会产生一些热量。但说要花费一年时间地球才能被彻底冻结显然是忽略了一个明显的事实，在夏季，北极的温度开始接近80（华氏）度，但之后的冰冻过程却只需要不到2个月时间，这还是在有太阳存在的情况下，而且来自太阳的能量在低纬度地区仍然有着持续的影响。不，显然，致命的冷却速度会快得多。天气和降水也会在短时间内结束，因为在这一系统中导致风出现的正是热能，蒸发将停止，降雨将停止，当然还有降雪。后者会很快杀死我们用来食用的植物和动物。

Kuldeep Hegde
Nov 14, 2017
Question: if sun disappeared what will earth revolve around? Will earth just remain stationary or shoot out of its' orbit?

问题是：如果太阳消失了，地球还会公转吗？地球会保持静止还是从它的轨道中飞射出去？

Peter Robinson
Aug 17, 2017
Although eventually the core of the earth will cool too and they will die. And it will probably happen faster without a buffer of nice hot atmosphere.

最终地球的核心也会冷却，他们会死去。而且，如果没有热大气层的缓冲，它可能会更快发生。

Bill Sheridan
Aug 10, 2017 · 1 upvote from Craig Weiler
I am not sure about your figures - but of course agree life as we know it would die off. First, the surface of the Earth is “heated” by the Sun and the Earth’s Core (conduction), the surface at perhaps 287°K and the Core at somewhere around 6,273°K.
One can only speculate in low probability terms how man might find the means to adapt the Earth to operate without the SUN. Note that the radiation to space of the surface temperatures would need to be altered by some means of insertion of radiation reflection in the upper atmosphere. Various means of insulation from Earth temperature radiation, convection and conduction can be used. Tapping the Core to Crust (600°C+) conduction should not be that hard.
Of course we would no longer orbit the Sun so all hell will break loose for that.

我不确定你的数据——但我当然同意我们所知道的生命将会消亡的观点。首先，地球表面被太阳和地球的核心（传导）“加热”，表面温度可能是287 K，而核心温度则在6273开氏度左右。
人们只能用很低的概率来推测人类是如何找到适应地球的方法来适应没有太阳的情况的。请注意，在高层大气中，需要通过某种辐射反射手段的介入来改变地表温度的辐射。可以使用各种不同的隔绝地球温度辐射、对流和传导的方式。搞定从地核与地壳（600摄氏度的温差）的热传导应该不那么困难。
当然，我们不会再绕太阳运行了，所以，一切都将如脱缰野马奔腾而出。

William(Pat) O'Sullivan
Apr 24
It if just disappeared, about 9 minutes. After 9 minutes, everything goes black. Light is gone, heat is gone, gravitational pull is gone. Poof.

如果太阳消失了，之后大约需要等待9分钟。9分钟后，一切都将变黑。光消失了，热量消失了，引力消失了。

Neil Hiatt
Apr 14
If it happens, I’m moving to Iceland.

如果真的发生了，我要搬去冰岛。

Eragon Bromson
Aug 11, 2017
And the fact that our planet will be ejected tangentially off it’s orbit could accelerate our death. or even extend it. We will probably collide with a couple of asteroids which will keep us warm for much longer.

而我们的星球将会被从它的轨道上喷射出来，这一事实可能会加速我们的死亡。甚至让它雪上加霜。我们很可能会与几颗小行星相撞，这将让我们保持更长时间的温暖。

Annie Thompson
Aug 10, 2017
What about places like Iceland which survive on geothermal heat? Would it still be too cold to survive

那么像冰岛这样依靠地热生存的地方呢？它还是会因为太冷而无法生存吗？ 

Paul Bahre
Aug 10, 2017 · 1 upvote from Craig Weiler
Now if the Sun just went out we would still orbit the sun and this scenario would be the one in play. If the sun just disappeared like in some magic trick then the earth would not have any gravitational force keeping it in the same orbit and we might even loose the moon. The moon and the tidal action helps out with geothermal activity, so I believe, and without any orbits, the moon going around us and us going around the sun then Geothermal activity disappears and we become one lifeless rock because we will loose our magnetosphere and then our atmosphere would drift out to space.

如果现在太阳刚刚消失，我们仍然会绕着太阳转，这个场景就是其中一个。如果太阳像某种魔术一样消失了，那么就不会有任何引力让地球保持在相同的轨道上了，我们甚至可能会失去月球。月球与潮汐行动帮助产生了地热活动，所以我相信，没有任何运动轨道，没有月亮在我们周围，我们不再绕着太阳公转，都将导致地热活动消失，地球将成为一个无生命的岩石，因为我们将失去磁层，然后我们的大气层会散逸到太空中去。

If we had some time to get ready, we could dig ourselves plenty of space underground and keep things going with Nuclear reactors and and learn to farm and grow crops / food sources underground. We would also have to maintain sources of 02 that are breathable and water that is drinkable.
That’s doable but for how long is the big question. We could mine the earth for the Nuclear material needed for such an endeavor and all the other materials that we need to survive. The only thing is we would all be doing this dressed like astronauts.

如果我们有时间做好准备，我们可以在地下挖出足够的空间，让核反应堆继续运转，并学会在地下种植作物作为食物来源。我们还必须保持可供呼吸的氧气和可饮用的水源。
这是可行的，但它能够维持多长时间是个大问题。我们可以挖掘地球，努力寻找所需的核材料，以及我们赖以生存的所有其他材料。唯一的问题是，我们都要穿着像宇航员一样的衣服。

In the end the Sun will go out but no before becoming a Red Giant and then swallow up Venus and Mercury. Earth will have a 50/50 chance of surviving that as a rock mass but nothing more than that. Our atmosphere will boil off along with our oceans and all life would already have been killed out by massive radiation.
These are just my thoughts and I’m no scientist….

最终，太阳将会熄灭，但在此之前，它将成为一颗红巨星，然后吞噬金星和水星。地球将有50%的几率能够作为一个岩体星球存活下来，但仅此而已。我们的大气层将和我们的海洋一样沸腾起来，所有的生命都将被大量的辐射杀死。
这些只是我的想法，我不是科学家。

David Harrison
Dec 21, 2017
The question proceeds from the assumption that man cannot adapt. While most men would die, there are energy sources of non-solar origin already in use, e.g., nuclear, geothermal. As indicated by Craig, “If someone lived near geothermal activity […] and managed to get both heat and electricity, […], they could go on for 10 to 20 years before the oxygen [turns] to liquid.” With a few such enclaves set up in the immediate aftermath, 10 to 20 years is significant amount of time for a spacefaring race such as ours. Very well could be enough time to build habitats designed to survive the very conditions specified. Similar to conditions we will encounter as we explore beyond the warmth of our inner solar system.

这个问题是从人无法适应环境的假设开始的。虽然大多数人会死去，但也有一些非太阳能的能源已经在被使用了，比如核能和地热能。正如Craig所指出的，“如果有人住在地热活动区附近……并且设法同时获得热量和电力……他们可能会继续生存10年到20年，直到氧气液化。”在这里事件发生之后的少数几块这样的飞地上，10到20年的时间对于像我们这样的太空旅行物种来说是相当长的一段时间。还好我们有足够的时间建造在指定的条件下继续生存的栖息地。类似于我们在探索太阳系内部温暖地带之外空间时所遇到的情况。

Gerrit Jacobus van Rooyen
Feb 16
Good answer, but you are assuming the physical sun is still there providing us with its gravitational pull and resulting momentum. Without that we would have cataclysmic events within moments that would kill all life on the planet, I would think.

很好的答案，但是你假设作为物质的太阳仍然存在于那里，为我们提供了它的引力和产生的动量。如果没有这些，我想我们将会在瞬间发生灾难性的事件，从而杀死地球上所有的生命。

Jesse Pollard
Jul 3, 2017
Even the hydrothermal vents freeze eventually.

即使是深海热液喷口最终也会结冰。

Craig Weiler
Jul 3, 2017
Nope. The earth creates its own heat independent of the sun and deep in the frozen ocean, the vent is insulated by all that ice from the extreme cold outside.

不。地球自己也制造了热量，它不受太阳的影响，在冰冻的海洋深处，这个喷口被外面极端寒冷的冰所隔离。

Jesse Pollard
Jul 3, 2017
Not that much heat. Once the ice gets there it closes. Might take quite a while though.
10 degree kelvin is quite persistent, and won’t go away. The ice just keeps getting colder. The water being ejected is frozen out, as no more is being taken into the magma.

没有那么多热量。一旦冰到达那里，它就会被封闭。可能要花上一段时间。
10开氏度的温度将持续相当久的时间，而且不会消失。冰越来越冷了。被喷射出来的水被冻结了，因为没有更多的水被带入岩浆中。

Rama Krishna
Sep 8, 2017
There is another thing what would most likely kill us sooner then you think. The sun is also protecting us from cosmic radiation. This protection starts beyond our solar system. Ones there is no sun heavy radiation would hit earth nobody would survive this. The sun protects us from cosmic rays and dust from beyond the solar system by enveloping us in the heliosphere – a bubble of solar wind that extends past Pluto. These cosmic rays would damage the ozone layer, and interstellar dust could dim sunlight and trigger an ice age. However, when the solar system passes through very dense gas and dust clouds, the heliosphere can shrink until its edge is inside Earth’s orbit.

还有一个问题，你认为最可能杀死我们的是什么？太阳也在保护我们免受宇宙辐射。这种保护始于我们的太阳系之外。没有太阳，大量的辐射会冲击地球，没有人能活下来。太阳通过将我们包裹在日光层中，使我们免受来自太阳系外的宇宙射线和尘埃的影响——这是一种超越冥王星的太阳风构成的气泡。这些宇宙射线会破坏臭氧层，星际尘埃会让阳光暗淡，并引发冰河时代的到来。然而，当太阳系经过非常密集的气体和尘埃云时，日球层会收缩，直到它的边缘回缩到地球的轨道上。

Mark Holbrook
Feb 1
About right. Food and water would in my opinion be the issues. We might be able to go underground and heat from the core of the earth but that doesn’t solve the food/water problem.
The other thing to consider is that if the sun extinguishes I think there are many other things that would fall apart.
I’m not an astro physicist but I believe that we live in a very delicate balance. If the sun extinguishes I have to guess that it’s gravity would likely change and that will mess with planet orbits and we’ll have bigger problems than just food and water.
I could be wrong though.

大概是正确的。在我看来，食物和水是问题所在。我们可能会进入地下，并从地核获取热量，但这并不能解决食物和水的问题。
另一件需要考虑的事情是，如果太阳熄灭了，我想还有很多其他的东西会崩溃。
我不是一个天文物理学家，但我相信我们生活在一个非常微妙的平衡中。如果太阳熄灭了，我不得不猜测它的重力可能会改变，这将扰乱行星轨道，我们将面临比食物和水更大的问题。
我可能是错的。

Richard Regener
Jan 15
The sun would advance to super nova status long before it would extinguish and the catastrophic result would be complete annihilation within this galaxy should such an event occur.

太阳在它被熄灭之前就会进入超新星的状态，如果这样的事件发生，那么在这个星系中，灾难性的结果将是彻底的毁灭。

Warren Hall
Dec 22, 2017
Craig, you may be quite optimistic in your estimates in that you did not seem to account for radiational cooling which is very rapid. Many deserts around the world with daytime temperatures around 120 F. drop to the 40′s at night. While this loss of 80 degrees in less than twelve hours will not continue linearly, it does demonstrate that radational heat loss is a very rapid process, indeed.
There are survival shelters around the word, mostly well underground, which will enable a few elites to survive for several weeks until air runs out. The best of air filtration systems cannot process liquid air which is probable about the fifteenth day.
The vast majority of earth’s inhabitants will perish by the tenth day. By which time all unprotected liquids will have frozen and no one will survive outdoors for even a few seconds since breathing air which is below -165F will lead to death.
你可能对你的估计过分乐观了，因为你似乎没有考虑到辐射冷却的速度是非常快的。世界上有许多沙漠，白天的温度在120华氏度左右，在晚上下降到40华氏度。尽管在不到12小时的时间内，80度的损失不会是线性的，但它确实证明了热辐射损耗是一个非常快速的过程。
到时候在这个世界上将有生存避难所存在，其中大部分都是地下的，这将使一些精英能够存活数周，直到空气耗尽。最好的空气过滤系统不能处理大约在第15天出现的液态空气。
地球上绝大多数的居民将在第十天死去。到那时，所有未受保护的液体都将被冻结起来，没有人能在户外存活几秒钟时间，因为在低于零下165华氏度的环境中呼吸空气将导致死亡。

Darrol Houser
Jan 11
That is one theory, here is another, the sun will become a red giant and swallow the earth long before it dies. Meaning life on earth will burn up first.

这是一种理论，还有另一种理论人为太阳将会变成一颗红巨星，在它死之前就把地球吞噬了。这意味着地球上的生命将首先被烧死。

Terry Melvin
Sep 26, 2017
I'd like to add, if the sun winked out, its light would be gone from the earth eight minutes later. I would imagine that once realization sets in, most humans would kill each other in the ensuing panic and riots. Therefore most would be dead before the earth cooled to near absolute zero.

我想补充一点，如果太阳写灭了，它的光会在八分钟后从地球上消失。我可以想象，一旦人们意识到这一点，大多数人会在随后的恐慌和暴乱中互相残杀。因此，在地球冷却到接近绝对零度之前，大多数人都会死去。

Günther Vomberg
Jan 17
That is a hypothetical question- in reality the Sun will expand long before that and first boil the oceans of and then engulf the earth as a red giant. - in short, we will not die because of cold, but of heat- more on this topic The sun won't die for 5 billion years, so why do humans have only 1 billion years left on Earth?

这是一个假设性的问题——在现实中，太阳会在那之前开始膨胀，然后首先把地球上的海洋煮沸，然后把地球吞噬成这颗红巨星的一部分。简而言之，我们不会因为寒冷而死，而是因为过热而死——还有更多的关于这个话题的讨论，比如“太阳不会在50亿年里死去，那么为什么人类在地球上只剩下10亿年可活了呢？”。