中国学生携带实验室研究资料返国 [美国媒体]

education or espionage? A chinese studenttakes his homework home to china

教育还是间谍？一个中国学生把他的实验室研究资料带回了中国。



ruopeng liu believes his work at a duke labwas simply" fundamental research" that he brought back to china. hisformer professor thinks otherwise

刘若鹏相信他在杜克实验室的工作仅仅是他带回中国的“基础研究”。他以前的教授可不这样认为。

SHENZHEN, China — Meet the man dubbed China'sElon Musk, Ruopeng Liu. Like Musk, he's working on sending people into space,and has already sent them flying. He's the man behind jet-powered surfboards,and is a multi-billionaire at just 35 years old.

中国深圳【报道】：这位被称为中国伊隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)的男子名叫刘若鹏。他正致力于把人送上太空，并且已经让它们飞了起来。他是喷气式冲浪板的幕后推手，年仅35岁，是一位亿万富翁。

"We call ourselves the future studio," said Liu during an NBCNews visit to his company's headquarters here. "We design thefuture."

我们称自己工作室为未来工作室，”刘在NBC访问他的公司总部时说。我们设计着未来。”

But is he guilty of stealing the intellectual property of a famousAmerican scientist?

但他是否因为窃取了美国着名科学家的知识产权而犯了罪呢？

Dr. David Smith of Duke University is one ofthe world's experts on something called "metamaterials." Liu, whosays he had long been a fan of Smith's, came to the U.S. a dozen years ago withthe express intent of studying at Smith's lab. Some observers, including theformer assistant director of counterintelligence at the FBI, believe he wasactually on a mission from the Chinese government.

杜克大学的大卫·史密斯博士是世界上所谓的“超材料”的专家之一。刘说，他一直是史密斯的粉丝，十几年前来到美国时，他的明确意图是在史密斯的实验室学习。但包括美国联邦调查局(FBI)前反间谍助理局长在内的一些观察人士认为，他实际上是在执行中国政府的任务。

Dr. Smith is famous for creating a metamaterialthat functions as a so-called "invisibility cloak." Metamaterials, heexplains, are "some weird material that doesn't exist in nature." Dr.Smith's invisibility cloak is not like Harry Potter's famous version as it doesnot hide things from the human eye, but it does make them invisible tomicrowave signals.

史密斯博士以创造一种所谓的“隐形斗篷”的超材料而闻名。他解释说，超材料是“一些在自然界中不存在的奇怪物质”。史密斯博士的隐形斗篷不像哈利波特的着名版本，因为它不隐藏东西对人的眼睛，但它确实使他们看不见微波信号。



"We know that the Chinese have a shoppinglist of intelligence and technology that they target every year," saidFigliuzzi. "We know that the research he took from Duke University was onthat collection list."

弗兰克·菲格鲁齐说：“我们知道，中国每年都有一份智能和技术目标采购清单。”“我们知道，他（译者注：刘若鹏）从杜克大学接受的研究就在搜集清单上。”

'IT SOUNDS LIKE THEFT'

“这听起来像是偷窃”

Liu enrolled at Duke University in 2006. Students and professors knew himas likeable, directed and very smart. He was a "sweet kid basically. You'dalmost describe him as bumbling a bit," said Dr. Smith.

刘于2006就读于杜克大学。学生和教授都知道他是可爱的、有指导性的、非常聪明的。他基本上是个“可爱的孩子”。“你几乎可以说他有点笨拙，”史米斯博士说。

He became Smith's protégé. In late 2007, Liuwon Smith's permission to bring two of his old colleagues from China for avisit to Smith's lab. The two Chinese researchers, whose trip was fully fundedby China, worked on a few projects during their three to six-month stay,including the invisibility cloak. During a trip to the lab one day when Dr. Smithwas not present, they took pictures of the lab and its contents, focusing onthe apparatus that allows scientists to measure the cloak. They brought photosand measurements of all the equipment used to fabricate the cloak back toChina.

刘成了史密斯的亲信。2007年底，刘获得了史密斯的许可，他带着两位来自中国的老同事参观了史密斯的实验室。这两名中国研究人员的行程完全由中国资助，他们在三到六个月的停留期间进行了一些项目，包括隐形衣。有一天，当史密斯博士不在的时候，他们去实验室的时候，他们拍下了实验室的照片和里面的东西，把注意力集中在能让科学家测量斗篷的仪器上。他们把用来制作斗篷的所有设备的照片和尺寸带回了中国。

Much to Dr. Smith's surprise, an exact replicawas built in Liu's old lab.

令史密斯博士吃惊的是，一个精确的复制品是在刘的老实验室里被建造。

"It sounds like theft," said Dr.Smith. "If we were a company you might think so."

“这听起来像偷窃，”史密斯博士说。“如果我们是一家公司，你可能会这么认为。”

TheFBI agreed with Dr. Smith when they opened a case on Liu in 2010.

联邦调查局在2010年向刘博士提起诉讼时同意史密斯博士的意见。

Said Figliuzzi, "We know that certaingovernment officials and operatives met with him while he was in the UnitedStates."

弗兰克·菲格鲁齐说，“我们知道某些政府官员和特工在他在美国期间会见了他。”

This case is one of many examples of whatexperts are saying is an increasing threat of academic espionage.

这起案件是许多专家所说的学术间谍活动威胁日益增加的例子之一。



During that same visit to Liu's headquarters,NBC News couldn't help but notice that an advanced version of Dr. Smith'sinvisibility cloak is proudly displayed in the lobby.

在对刘若鹏公司总部的同一次访问中，NBC新闻记着不禁注意到，大厅里骄傲地展示了史密斯博士隐形斗篷的高级版本。

'EVERYTHING HE DIDWAS EXPLAINED AWAY'

“他所做的每一件事都被解释了。”

The FBI closed its case on Liu a few years ago,citing a shortage of evidence, much like Dr. Smith.

联邦调查局几年前结束了对刘的调查，理由是证据不足，就像史密斯博士所言。

"I didn't have any evidence and everythinghe did was explained away," said Dr. Smith.

史密斯博士说：“我没有任何证据，他所做的一切都被合理解释了。”

When Liu created a website about ametamaterials company that was Duke property, Liu told Smith that it was onlyto make him look good for an upcoming job interview. When Liu put Dr. Smith'sname on scientific articles without his knowledge, Liu cried when confrontedwith the ethical breach and said it was a misunderstanding.

当刘组建一个属于杜克所有权的超材料公司的网站时，刘告诉史密斯，这只是为了让他在即将到来的求职面试中看起来不错。当刘博士在未经允许的情况下把史密斯博士的名字写在科学文章上时，他在面对学术道德违规时哭了起来，说这是个误会。

That is, until after Liu graduated in 2009 andan email he appeared to have sent to a classmate emerged — an email Dr. Smithsays shows from the very beginning Liu intended the Chinese should profit fromDr. Smith's research. In the email, which was reviewed by NBC News, Liu admitsthat he had been withholding his intentions from Dr. Smith all along and saysthat he had simultaneously been working towards commercializing Dr. Smith'sresearch in China while working in the Duke lab. Had the email emerged beforeLiu graduated, Dr. Smith says that he would not have gotten a degree from DukeUniversity.

也就是说，直到2009年刘毕业后，他发给一位同级同学的一封电子邮件出现了-史密斯博士说，电子邮件从一开始就显示出，刘希望中国人能从史密斯博士的研究中获益。在美国全国广播公司（NBC）新闻评论的这封电子邮件中，刘承认他一直对史密斯博士隐瞒自己的真实意图，并表示，他在杜克大学实验室工作期间，一直致力于将史密斯博士的研究在中国的商业化。如果这封邮件在刘若鹏毕业之前就出现了，史密斯博士说他就不会从杜克大学获得学位了。



"There is no indication that anyintellectual property owned or controlled by Duke University was stolen,"said Michael Schoenfeld, Duke's vice president for public affairs andgovernment relations.

没有迹象表明杜克大学拥有或控制的任何知识产权被窃取，”杜克大学公共事务和政府关系副总裁迈克尔·肖恩菲尔德(Michael Schoenfeld)表示。

Schoenfeld said Smith had followed the school'sestablished procedures for safeguarding intellectual property, but since then,"Duke and many other research universities have reviewed and sharpened themechanisms they have in place to identify, prevent and report potential theftsof intellectual property."

迈克尔·肖恩菲尔德说，史密斯遵循了学校保护知识产权的既定程序，但从那以后，“杜克大学和许多其他研究型大学已经审查和完善了它们现有的识别、防止和报告潜在知识产权盗窃案的机制。”

Asked if Duke supports President Trump'sinitiative to limit the access of students from China in certain researchareas, Schoenfeld said, "We think it is essential for universities to worktogether with the government to develop policies that protect national securityand intellectual property while also maintaining the open exchange of ideasthat is essential for the advancement of science and research."

当被问及杜克是否支持特朗普总统关于限制中国学生进入某些研究领域的倡议时，舍恩菲尔德说，“我们认为，大学必须与政府合作，制定保护国家安全和知识产权的政策，同时保持开放的思想交流，这对于推动科学和研究的发展至关重要。”