为什么二战期间日本和德国没有联合起来攻打俄罗斯？ [美国媒体]

Why didn't Japan and Germany co-ordinate an attack on Russia during WWII?

为什么二战期间日本和德国没有联合起来攻打俄罗斯？



Essentially I see operation Barbarossa as a mistake as well as Japan attacking Pearl Harbour. Would it have been possible for both axis powers to attack the soviets instead of individual allied powers and if so would it have worked?

基本上在我看来，巴巴罗萨计划是错误的，日本袭击珍珠港也是错误的。这两个轴心国有可能共同攻击苏联，而不是单独行动吗？这么做的话会奏效吗？

注释：operation Barbarossa巴巴罗萨计划，是纳粹德国在第二次世界大战中发起侵苏行动的代号，发生于1941年6月-1942年1月的苏联及东欧地区。

Interpine
The Imperial Japanese Army actually favored this approach, called the "Northern Road", to solve Japan's resource issues effectively by colonizing Siberia and defeating the Soviets. In the 1920s, the Soviet Union was a devastated, agrarian country and was seen by the Japanese much like Africa or the Middle East were seen by European Imperialists. 

实际上，大日本帝国陆军是支持这种做法的，他们称之为“北方之路”，通过殖民西伯利亚、击败苏联来有效地解决日本的资源问题。在1920年代，苏联是一个饱受蹂躏的农业国家，在日本人看来，苏联跟非洲很类似，就像欧洲帝国主义者眼中的中东一样。

In the 30s, however, the country rapidly transformed under a ruthless, lightning-fast industrialization scheme by Stalin. Two factions existed in Japanese geopolitical thought. The army preferred industrialization through Manchukuo until Japan could catch up with the USSR's new industrial base, then a resumption of the "Northern Road", while the navy preferred war with the Western powers, which it saw as softer and weaker based on the historical experience of Japan fighting the Russian and German monarchies.

然而，30年代，在斯大林铁血、闪电般的工业化计划中苏联迅速转型。日本地缘政治思想中存在着两个派别。陆军更希望通过在伪满洲国进行工业化，直到日本能够赶上苏联新的工业基础，然后再重新开始“北方之路”计划，而海军则更希望与西方大国打仗，因为从日本与俄国和德国王国战斗的历史经验来看，西方国家更加软弱。

Realizing that their un-armored force could not stand up to a newly industrialized and mechanized Red Army, the government favored the navy approach, and by the time Germany invaded Russia, Japan was already in the final stages of planning an attack on the US and European colonies, and had already signed a non-aggression pact with Russia to focus on the South.

意识到他们没有装甲的部队，无法抵抗经过工业化和机械化的新苏联红军，日本政府赞成了海军的做法。当时德国入侵了苏联，而日本已经处于进攻美国和欧洲殖民地计划的最后阶段，并且也已经与苏联签署了一项不侵犯条约，将重心放在了日本以南。

 If Japan cancelled the "Southern Road" and attacked the USSR, it would have helped Germany by distracting the Russian Siberian brigades, but would not have helped Japan. The Japanese army was in no condition to fight the Soviets, as it proved at Khalkhin Gol.

如果日本终止“南方之路”计划并对苏联发动攻击的话，那么它将分散苏联在西伯利亚的军队，从而帮到德国，但对日本不会有帮助。日本军队没有条件去对抗苏联，正如诺门罕战役所证明的那样。

注释：Khalkhin Gol诺门罕战役，或称哈拉哈河战役，又叫诺门坎事件，是第二次世界大战初期日本及苏联在远东地区发生的一场战役。战事于1939年在当时的满洲与蒙古的边界诺门罕发生，以日本关东军的失败告终。

gc3
So, 'We are losing fighting the USSR, so let's attack someone easier like the USA'.
Too bad they had no 'give peace a chance' faction.

所以，“我们正在失去对苏联的作战优势，那就让我们攻击像美国这样更容易得手的目标吧。”
太糟糕了，他们中没有一派是想“给和平一个机会”的。

Revan0315 
They couldn't have peace. They were still at war with China and needed resources badly

他们不可能拥有和平。（当时）他们还在跟中国打战，而且急需各种资源。

MPenten  
Yeah US were actually putting pressure on them because of that.

是的，事实上美国就是因为那件事（珍珠港袭击）向日本施压的。

TheWhitestOrca 
They were. The US imposed oil sanctions on Japan.

对啊。美国对日本进行了石油制裁。

whistleridge 
Others have covered a lot of this very well, but I’ll add only one thing. As with most things military, a lot of it comes from simple geography.

其他人已经说了很多方面的原因，但我只想补充一点。因为很多人都在说军事方面，但其原因很大程度上都纯粹是地理因素。

To invade the eastern USSR, Japan would have had to have withdrawn its army entirely from China. And while they surely could have taken Vladivostok, they couldn’t have done much else. They didn’t have the ability to support an advance deep into Russia. 

要想入侵苏联东部，日本将不得不撤走其在中国的全部部队。虽然他们肯定可以占领海参崴，但是他们不可能再做太多其它的事情了。他们没有能力维持部队深入到俄罗斯的行军。

Worse, eastern Russia is where it’s actually cold. And IJA was even less prepared for winter operations than the Wehrmacht was. So they would have been strung out along an endless string of taiga, and otherwise basically sitting and waiting until the Soviets beat Germany and then came back.

更糟糕的是，其实俄国东部地区非常寒冷。大日本帝国陆军甚至比德国国防军还缺乏冬季行军的准备。因此，他们将必须穿过一片无边无际的针叶林。否则就得在原地等待，直到苏联打败德国，然后回来打他们。

注释：Wehrmacht德国国防军，是1935年至1945年间纳粹德国正式军事力量的称呼。它是由1921年1月1日成立的德国防卫军（德语：Reichswehr）更名而来。

Best case scenario, they would have given up China to capture a relatively narrow corridor of Siberia west to about central Mongolia. That’s about like saying you abandoned California to capture Nevada, Idaho, Utah, and Montana - it looks impressive on a map, but it’s both impossible to defend and a losing position, economically speaking.

最佳方案是，他们可能会放弃中国，去占领从西伯利亚西部到蒙古中部这样一个相对狭长的地带。但这就好比说你放弃加利福尼亚州，而去占领内华达州、爱达荷州、犹他州和蒙大拿州，虽然从地图上看起来很了不起，但这么做不可能防守，而且，从经济角度来说也是一个败局。

DaBIGmeow888 
Because China bogged down 2 million Japanese troops in an 8 year long stalemate.
Japan then launched another war front in Southeast Asia and another war front in Pacific against US.
Had China not reduced/distracted millions of Japanese troops available for invasion of Russia, then Russia would have a two front war.

因为中国在8年战争的僵持下，牢牢纠缠住了200万日本部队。
之后，日本在东南亚发动了另一场战争，又在太平洋跟美国打了起来。
如果中国没有减少或者分散掉日本本可以用来侵略俄罗斯的部队，那么俄罗斯将会面临两面夹击。