中国的教育体系让学生对真实的世界毫无准备 [美国媒体]

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Chinese kids are smart. The kids of Shanghai cleaners outperform those of British doctors and lawyers in math, and Shanghai’s richest students are about three academic years ahead of the developed-country average. Students in the 90th percentile in the US score below the average Shanghai student on a test given to 15 year-olds around the world (pdf).

中国的小孩是聪明的。上海洗衣工的孩子在数学表现上超过了英国医生和律师的孩子，而上海最富裕学生的学业表现比发达国家的中等学生领先三个学年。在对全世界15岁学生的测试中，90%美国学生所获得的分数低于上海中等学生。

But tests only tell you so much about Chinese students’ smarts, saysXiaodong Lin, a professor of cognitive studies at Columbia University’s Teachers College. When they come to university in the US, Chinese students tend to struggle with analytical writing, critical thinking, and communication with peers and professors, Lin wrote in the People’s Daily (link in Chinese), the official newspaper of China’s Communist Party.

但是来自哥伦比亚大学教师学院的认知研究教授林晓冬说考试也只能让你对中国学生的头脑产生一部分的认识。当他们来到美国大学读书时，中国学生在分析性写作，批判性思维以及与同龄人和教授的交流上存在问题，林在《人民日报》上如此写道。

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“While Chinese education has focused more on mastery of knowledge, the American education seems to emphasize how to learn, even though we may not do as a good job as we wish,” she wrote.

 ”相较于中国的教育更关注于知识储备的掌握，美国教育似乎更重视如何去学习知识，即使我们可能没有达到我们想达到的效果,"她说。

Lin has taught college students in the US for 21 years, and told Quartz about she is constantly comparing her US and Chinese students. She has been the faculty adviser for the Chinese Student Association at Teachers College for 10 years, noting that she is “deeply in touch with the community.” She has surveyed other teachers about the differences between American and Chinese students, and writes about her findings frequently.   Global policymakers are equally obsessed with comparative student performance. The OECD gives 15-year-olds around the world a test every three years to track their progress in math, science, and reading; education anxiously await the data and the praise or punishment that follows. But wherever they sit in the rankings, countries struggle to balance increased academic rigor against the reality that the modern workplace demands skills that aren’t reflected in tests.

林（教授）已经在美国大学教授了21年，她在Quartz(回答类社区，国内类似产品知乎)说她在持续地比较中美两国学生。他在教师学院的中国同学会担任了十年的指导教师，所以她和这些中国学生有着深刻的接触。她调查了其它教师对中美学生差异的认识，然后经常记录下自己的调查结果。全球政策制定者同样痴迷于对学生表现的比较。经济合作发展组织每三年对全球范围内的15岁的学生进行数学，科学和阅读的测试，各国的教育系统（这里应该是一个名词，但是不应该是单纯的教育这个词）紧张的期待这个数据和随之而来的表扬或批评。但是无论他们的排名如何，各国都在努力去平衡理论的缜密和事实上现代工作场所中所需的技能的矛盾，这些技能并未在考试中反映出来。

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Andreas Schleicher, head of the OECD’s education unit, told Quartz that the rest of the world can learn from the high standards that Chinese schools set for students, as well as the freedom teachers are given to adapt their methods to the subject matter.“They know how to teach,” he told Quartz. “It’s a science for them.” (Shanghai math teachers come to the UK every year to show off their talents.)

经济合作与发展组织的教育部门头头安德烈亚斯.施莱克尔告诉Quartz，世界其余各国可以学习中国学校为学生设定的高标准，以及为了解决学科上的问题——中国教师被给予的采用各自的策略的自由。”他（她）们知道怎么教“，施莱克尔对Quartz说。”这是他（她）们的科学“。（每年上海的数学老师都到英国去展示他（她）们的才能）

Lin agrees that this rigor is good—her Chinese students are better at deeper thinking than their American counterparts—but fostering independent thinking is also important. When she asked Chinese students why they were so quiet in class, the responses included statements like “my parents told me that I should not speak unless I have correct answers” and “I am afraid of speaking when my ideas are different from the class,” she wrote in the People’s Daily.

林赞同严格是好的——她的中国学生相较于同等的美国学生更长于深入思考，但她认为培养独立思考的能力也很重要。当她问中国的学生为什么他（她）们在课堂上那么安静，得到的回答诸如：“我的父母告诉我当我知道正确答案才应该回答”和“我怕我说出的想法和班里的人不同”，她她在人民日报发表文章称。

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Other professors echoed Lin’s concerns. One from Northwestern University told her that that Chinese students work very hard but rarely produce original thoughts or ideas. “What they lack more is the ability to bring up viewpoints and justify them,” Lin wrote.   Lin is critical of US students, too. She says they do not take negative feedback well, and their confidence can be as much of a liability as an asset.

另外一些教授呼应了林的担忧。一个来自美国西南大学的教授告诉她，中国学生很努力，但是很少有原创的想法和主意。“他（她）们所缺少的更多的是提出观点和表达自己的能力”，林写到。林对美国学生也进行了评判。她说他（她）们不能很好的处理消极的反馈，而且他（她）们的自信是一种资产也是一种负债。

She ran through her impressions on the most notable strengths and weaknesses of American and Chinese students for Quartz:

她为Quartz整理了她印象中中美学生最值得注意的长处和短处：

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Relative strengths

相关的长处

Chinese students                                      American students

中国学生                                                     美国学生

Work hard                                                  Independent thinkers   

工作努力                                                      独立思考者

Think deeply--------------------------------Work “pretty” hard   

深入思考------------------------------------工作“相当”努力

Kind----------------------------------------Ask questions and challenge others’ thinking  

 和善----------------------------------------善于发问且挑战他人的想法

Avoid arguments----------------------------Good communicators   

避免争吵-------------------------------------好的交流者

Persistent------------------------------------Confident in their judgement   

坚持------------------------------------------对自己的判断有自信

Good at memorizing-------------------------Handle negative feedback well

擅长记忆--------------------------------------能很好地处理消极反馈

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Relative weaknesses

相关的短处

Chinese students-------------------------------American students

中国学生----------------------------------------美国学生

Poor communicators---------------------------Don’t handle negative feedback well  

不擅长与人交流---------------------------------不能很好的处理消极反馈  

Lack a clear goal/purpose----------------------Not detail-oriented 

缺乏清晰的目标---------------------------------没有明确的定位

Reluctant to critique own or others’ work-----Overconfident

不愿意去批判自己和他人的工作-------------------过于自信

Struggle to come up with own ideas------------Want to be the boss, not a soldier

很难提出自己的主意-----------------------------只想成为将军，不想做一个士兵

Tend to copy others’ ideas--------------------Don’t think deeply enough

倾向于复制别人的主意---------------------------思考地不够深入

Lack problem-solving skills---------------------Like to present, but not backed by hard work

缺乏解决问题地技巧-----------------------------喜欢去展示，但不是被努力工作所支持的那种

Reluctant to ask questions  

 不愿意去问问题

If some enlightened country wasable to combine the best of both of these worlds, it would have the perfect education system. Oh wait—it’s called Finland.

如果一些开明的国家能将上述最好的词汇结合起来，那它们就拥有了完美的教育系统。哦，等下——它叫做芬兰。