污染监察：中国的空气污染程度下降30% [美国媒体]

-------------译者：reevechen-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



【In Beijing the modern city beyond the Imperial City’s north gate is visible under a clear sky during the period assessed 2013-16.】

【大概2013-16年间，北京紫禁城北门附近的摩登城区在晴空下清晰可见】

Beijing is slowly shedding its image as the world’s most polluted city. In 2013 it ranked as the 40th worst city for the particulate PM2.5 in the World Health Organisation global database. Four years on thanks in part to a crackdown on polluters it stands in 187th place.

北京正逐渐改变它世界污染最严重城市的形象。2013年，世界卫生组织全球数据显示，北京PM2.5浓度列全球第40位。4年过去了，部分得益于对污染的严格治理，北京现在列187位。

Air pollution in the 62 Chinese cities tracked by the WHO dropped by an average of 30% between 2013 and 2016. China’s air pollution problems are often blamed on the country’s rapid industrial growth but the problems probably date back to the 1950s.

2013年2016年间，世卫组织监测的中国62个城市的空气污染平均降低了30%。人们常将中国的空气污染归咎于快速的工业发展，其实这个问题大约可以追溯至20世纪50年代。

In air pollution terms China is two countries divided by a line that follows the Huai river. North of this line average winter temperatures are below freezing and here free or heavily subsidised coal was provided for home heating. This led to the development of poorly controlled coal-powered district heating systems in towns and cities north of the river.

以淮河为界，就空气污染而言，中国犹如两个国家。这条线以北冬天气温低于冰点，政府提供免费或高补贴的煤用于家庭供暖。这使得缺乏控制、以煤为燃料的区域供暖系统在淮河以北的城镇得以发展。

The laudable aim of providing home heating was disastrous for China’s air. Average particle pollution north of the Huai river was 40% greater than the south and this extra pollution caused an estimated three-year reduction in average life expectancy.

提供家庭供暖虽值得赞赏，但对中国空气而言却是灾难性的。淮河以北的空气污染比淮河以南平均严重40%，而且据估导致人均预期寿命减少3岁。

Understandably a small but growing group of Chinese urbanites have been moving south for cleaner air.

可以理解的是，为了更清新空气，一小部分但不断增长的中国城市居民一直在向南方迁移。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：翻译加工厂 转载请注明出处

-------------译者：willdemon-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

【卫报处评论】

quokkaZ 4d ago +16
China should be congratulated for such rapid improvement. It also should be congratulated for moving towards the best solution to replace coal in district heating:
CGN to construct China’s first nuclear-powered heating project

我们应该祝贺中国做出了如此快速的改善。我们还应该祝贺它正在以最佳的方案，来替代燃煤提供地方供暖：
中国广核集团正在建设中国首个核能供暖项目

It's far better than burning stuff - coal gas or trees - and the only realistic genuinely low GHG emission solution for district heating.

这项方案比燃烧——如燃煤、可燃气和树木等物质——要好多了。而且在降低由于提供区域供暖而排放的温室气体方面，它是最现实的方案。

azoicera 4d ago 
Meanwhile in a democracy facing the very same problem things remain unchanged if not worse: India now has 9 of 10 most polluted cities in the world. Who doesn't like a government that delivers?

然而在一个面对同样问题的民主 （国家）里，如果情况没越来越糟，它便毫无作为任其维持现状：全球污染最严重的10个城市里有9个在印度。谁不会喜欢一个能够做出成果的政府？

westhaditsday 4d ago
Great news! Tributes to all scientists and policy makers to make this happen. Still a long way to go so keep up the good work!

好消息！致敬那些实现这一切的科学家和政策决策者们。仍有很长的路要走，继续努力，加油！

SFromNl 4d ago 
It's getting harder and harder to not see the world's paradigm shifting.

越来越难以忽视世界思维模式的转变了。

jhvance 4d ago 
The coal-related air pollution near ground level in northern China is not generally caused by power generating facilities but by the many widely-distributed district heating systems built and operated by local authorities which are routinely cash-strapped. Those systems' coal-fired furnaces are old have relatively short exhaust stacks with absolutely no scrubbing installed and are not well-maintained to begin with; the local governments minimize annual operating cost by purchasing the cheapest (and thus lowest-quality) coal possible so the individual furnaces emit high volumes of pollutants especially particulates (the small pm2.5 variety).

煤炭燃烧造成的中国北方近地面空域大气污染，并非是由于燃烧发电造成的，而是由于广泛分布的燃煤供暖系统造成的。这些供暖系统都是由地方政府负责运营的，必然会缺乏资金。 这些供暖系统中的燃煤炉已经老旧，只有相对较低矮的排放系统，没有安装任何洗涤设备，而且缺乏足够的保养。地方政府为了削减年度运营成本，只会购买最便宜的（当然也是最劣质的）燃煤，所以单个燃煤炉就会排放大量的污染物，特别是颗粒污染物（多种PM2.5的小颗粒）

Coupled with winter meteorological conditions that generate stagnant inversions whose boundary the power generating stations' exhaust stacks rise above the lower district heating system furnace stacks emit their exhaust directly within those inversion 'bubbles' and become trapped. As an inversion might exist for days or even weeks before a strong Arctic front sweeps it away the concentration of pollutants inside a bubble increases to highly toxic levels before each cycle of air mass replacement.

再加上冬季的气象条件，大气的停滞逆流抑制了供热站的排放系统将废气排放至高空，较低区域的供热系统燃煤炉排放出的废气，就会进入大气逆流形成的“气泡”区域，并难以消散。大气逆流可能存在数天或数周，直至强北极风的到来将其吹散。气泡区域内的颗粒污染物密度会上升至高毒性水平，直到大气团更替。

It is the rapid conversion of those district heating system furnaces from being fueled by coal to burning natural gas (that emits little or no pm2.5 particulates) that is producing the rapid (and highly welcome) improvment in air quality.

正是由于快速的替换区域供暖系统中的那些燃煤炉，改为使用燃烧天然气（只排放少量或根本不排放PM2.5颗粒污染物），才带来了空气质量的快速（同时也是广受欢迎的）改善。

-------------译者：SuperBirdie-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Shep Keeta 3d ago
Particulates and aerosols currently reduce the effects of global warming by 0.5 to 1°c so it will be interesting to see the local effects on temperatures where pollution is reduced.

当前空气中的颗粒物和气溶胶能减少温室效应，使气温降低0.5-1℃，因此来看当地污染减少导致的气温变化会很有意思。

Radagastttt 4d ago
Still wouldn't go near the place

还是不会去那儿。

史佳奇  Radagastttt 25 May 2018 20:18 +5
Lovely.

那你真是棒棒哒。

westhaditsday  Radagastttt 4d ago
Who invited you anyway. Lol...

不是这有谁请你去了啊。大笑…

originalabsence  Radagastttt 3d ago 
"Still wouldn't go near the place"
Excellent distillation of the nasty little village mind of Rexit Britain. Such a small insular little place with a 2nd hand culture.

“还是不会去那儿。”
真是会干出脱欧这事的令人生厌的小村民的思想精华啊。一个充斥二手文化、狭小孤立的小地方。

【红迪网处评论】

[–]aussiegreenie 45 指标 3 天前 
This is great news.

这是个好消息。

[–]mr-wienerAustralia 9 指标 3 天前 
Laudible news indeed... but I hope this green consiousness is also starting to extend out to the industrial belt in the north of China.

确实是值得赞誉的新闻……不过我希望中国北方工业带也能具有如此的环保意识。

[–]ting_bu_dongUnited States 32 指标 3 天前* 
Agreed.
See? We here in /r/china can praise China when they do something good!
patiently awaits "Xinjiang human rights abuses drops by 30% in China" "Open democratic voting increases by 30% in China" or "Approval of recognizing that Taiwan is a country increases 30%" news any day now
Edit: Man you guys are so negative downvoting me for praising China

认同。看，中国做得好的地方我们红迪网分版块（ /r/china）也是会夸奖赞誉的！耐心等着出现如“中国XJ侵犯人权行为减少30%”、“中国公开民主投票选举增加30%”或“承认TW是个国家的认同率增长30%”等新闻。
Edit：你们怎么这么消极啊，就为我夸了中国踩我。

[–]lambdaq 6 指标 3 天前 
“Approval of recognizing that Taiwan is a country increases 30%”
That means R.O.C. would at least give up its Fujian province. LOL

“承认TW是个国家的认同率增长30%”
这意味着中国至少要放弃其对福建省（的主权声明）。大笑。

[–]butthenigotbetter 2 指标 2 天前 
I'm 30% improved access to mental health in China!

我在中国能获得心理治疗的概率提高了30%！

[–]carltonf 1 指标 2 天前 
“something good!”
Now not many things have a common standard as air quality. Your examples have already well demonstrated this.

“好事！”
现在没有多少事像空气质量这样有一套通用的共同标准。你的例子已经很好地证明了这一点。

[–]ser_drake 4 指标 2 天前 
http://aqicn.org/city/beijing/
225 is 30% better in May? Damn...
http://aqicn.org/city/beijing/

五月（AQI）225是空气质量提高了30%的结果？该死……

[–]PristinePlankton 5 指标 2 天前 
'Very unhealthy' is better than 'off the charts hazardous'.

“很不健康”总比“破纪录的危险”好。

 -------------译者：梧桐pasky-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

[–]LiveForPanda -4 指标 3 天前 
This is fake news. Good numbers coming out of China must be rigged.

这是假新闻。中国发布的数据都是作弊过的。

[–]93402European unx 24 指标 3 天前 
noticed relative blue sky becoming more frequent in the last two years good change.

（我）发现最近的蓝天白云比过去两年更加常见了，好变化。

[–]oliveisacat 18 指标 3 天前 
Xi is coming to visit Qingdao next month and the air quality has been unbelievably good this past week. Rumor is that all the local factories have been forced to shut down until the visit is over. That's one way to do it.

席下个月来青岛，空气质量在过去一周变得难以置信得好。有谣传称当地工厂被强制停止直到视察结束。这不失为（产生这种结果的）一种好方法。

[–]KF02229 9 指标 3 天前 
Yeah it's a summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Putin and Central Asia leaders are attending so there must be maximum face.

没错，是上海组织峰会（的原因）。普金和中亚领导人都会参加，所以一定要有最大最足的脸面。

[–]Jman-laowai 6 指标 3 天前 
They do this when major events are happening. So the rumor is probably correct.

他们在举行重要活动的时候都会这样做。所以谣言可能是真的。

[–]BillyBattsShinebox 6 指标 2 天前 
Air in Zhejiang cleaned up amazingly for about 2 months before G20 took place in Hangzhou. Crystal clear blue skies every day. Quickly turned to shit after it ended though.

在杭州（举办）G20峰会的前两个月，浙江的空气变得出乎意料得干净。每天蓝天白云。虽然在峰会结束后很快又变得糟糕至极就是了。

[–]notviolence 5 指标 2 天前 
I called it G20 Blue it was amazing

我们称之为G20峰会带来的蓝天白云，很奇妙。

[–]kulio_forever 1 指标 2 天前 
“That's one way to do it.”
Yes that is one way one extremely ineffective way to do it.
Get ready for when he leaves because all those factories need to make up for lost time.

“这不失为（产生这种结果的）一种好方法。”
是的，这是一种办法，而且是一种特别无效的办法。当他们（重要人物）离开的的时候，要随时做好（空气质量骤变差的）准备，因为所有工厂需要弥补损失的时间（成本）。

[–]MrsPandaBear 8 指标 3 天前 
Parents just came back from Sichuan. Mom says she began to constantly need to clear her throat near the end of the two months visit and my dad has been hacking worse than usual (he’s had an chronic cough for years due to allergy says his PCP). My dad says the pollution situation has gotten better where they are as well but it’s relative...I’m concerned it’s still not safe for the elderly.

（我）父母刚从四川回来。我妈在快要结束两个月探亲的时候需要时不时清清她的喉咙，而且我爸咳嗽的比平时更严重了（其主治医生称其因过敏而长期咳嗽）。我爸说他们所在地方的污染情况有所改善，但也只是相对...我担心这里对老年人而言还是不安全的。

[–]FileError214 3 指标 2 天前 
Yeah when my wife came back from Spring Festival she said she could feel the pollution in her lungs. Both her and my son had a light cough when they returned home and they were only in Guilin - which is supposed to be relatively clean!

是的，我和我的妻子刚过完春节回来，她说她感觉自己的肺部受到了污染。当她和我儿子回家的时候母子俩都有轻微咳嗽，而他们只去了桂林——一个应该相对干净的地方！

-------------译者：D头脑简单-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

[–]Halfmoonhero 15 指标 3 天前 
In Chinese cities not in China. Everyone knows the factories are just exported to suburbs and the countryside.

在中国的城市中，每个人都知道工厂刚刚搬到郊区和农村地区去。

[–]enxiongenxiongUnited States 11 指标 3 天前 
AQI levels in Yunnan are higher in the small towns than they are in Kunming. It’s really weird. Sichuan Proper absolutely everywhere is polluted now.

云南的小城镇空气污染指数等级都要比昆明的高，这真的很奇怪。现在四川省应该到处都是污染了。

[–]eoffif44 1 指标 2 天前 
It's not proximity to pollutants more often it's the airflow that allows the pollution to quickly disperse (or not). Shanghai benefits from good airflow whereas Beijing area has circulation issues. That's probably why some out of the way spots have higher pollution than city spots.

这不是因为接近污染物，更多是因为是气流使污染迅速消散（或不）。上海受益于良好的气流，而北京地区有空气流通问题。这也可能是一些偏远地区污染比城市污染高的原因。

[–]kulio_forever 2 指标 2 天前 
Hmm I have been wondering how they gamed the data you have raised a good point for sure.

嗯，我一直在想他们是如何篡改这些数据的，你已经提出了一个很好的观点。

[–]Jman-laowai 4 指标 3 天前 
Yep factories have been made to move out of all major cities.

是的，工厂已经从所有主要城市搬出来了。

[–]cozmcrae 5 指标 2 天前 
As someone who has been living in Beijing for 2 years and just had to leave due to how bad the pollution was I doubt this. The air quality was much better over winter but it got really bad again a couple months back.

作为一个在北京生活了2年的人，并且由于污染的严重程度刚不得不离开，我对此表示怀疑。北京冬季的空气质量要好得多，但是几个月后又变得非常糟糕。

[–]Rob_Dead 11 指标 3 天前 
In one place at one time.
The Guardian has never scratched the surface of a story since it broke Snowden’s NSA story about 5 years ago.

《卫报》自5年前报道了斯诺登的国家安全局事件以来，之后都只报道了新闻真实内容的皮毛而已。
（译注：爱德华·斯诺登（Edward Snowden），1983年6月21日出生于美国北卡罗来纳州伊丽莎白市，曾是CIA（美国中央情报局）技术分析员，后供职于国防项目承包商博思艾伦咨询公司。2013年6月，斯诺登将美国国家安全局关于PRISM监听项目的秘密文档披露给了《卫报》和《华盛顿邮报》，随即遭美国政府通缉，事发时人在香港，随后飞往俄罗斯。2013年6月21日，斯诺登通过《卫报》再次曝光英国“颞颥”秘密情报监视项目。2013年8月1日7时30分，斯诺登离开俄罗斯谢列梅捷沃机场前往莫斯科境内，并获得俄罗斯为期1年的临时避难申请。2014年8月，俄罗斯律师称，爱德华·斯诺登再次获得俄罗斯的居留许可，期限为3年。）



[–]BurgerLaowaiItaly 6 指标 2 天前 
“How did you accomplish this?”
“By multiplying the result by 0.7”

“你是怎么做到这样大的改善呢？”
“通过将这结果乘以0.7啊。”

[–]buttercupyuki 12 指标 3 天前 
As a pleb living in Beijing still I call doubt on this. Still pretty damn polluted here in the capitol. Have to take all news regarding good turns in China with a grain of salt. Never know when it’s a paid article from the overbearing big brother that is the CCP

作为一个住在北京的平民百姓，我对此表示怀疑。现在中国的“国会大厦”污染仍然很严重。在中国，你必须对所有关于在中国有好的转机的消息持保留态度。永远也不会知道这是不是一篇专横的老大哥GCD专门花钱雇人写的文章。

-------------译者：668-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

[–]214596603 5 指标 2 天前 
Idk dude compared to 2016/17 winter this winter was fucking amazing.

我不知道，兄弟。相比2016/17年的冬天，这个冬天太他妈爽了。

[–]kulio_forever 2 指标 2 天前 
Well that's another way the data could be misleading. Given the levels of pollution 30% improvement might still be really bad.

那是另一种方式，数据有可能会产生误导。鉴于其污染水平，就算改善了30%情况可能还是很糟糕。

I just am very suspicious because first off I know how eager they are to show "improvement" but more importantly I haven't seen any policies that would even start to help.
For you pushing pollution out of the city is better but it doesn't really solve the problem at all.

我只是非常怀疑，因为首先我知道他们是多么渴望展示他们的“改善”成果，但更重要的是，我没有看到任何有开始执行并且有效的政策。对你（中国）来说，让污染远离城市是更好的解决办法，但这根本解决不了任何问题。

[–]214596603 2 指标 2 天前 
For you pushing pollution out of the city is better but it doesn't really solve the problem at all.
Though it seems to be the solution for the everyone. Western countries out-source their pollution to countries like India/China/SEA those countries export their pollution to the country away from their wealthy cities. We just need to figure out where to export it next so we can feel good about "fighting" climate change.

“对你（中国）来说，让污染远离城市是更好的解决办法，但这根本解决不了任何问题。”
虽然对每个人而言这是个解决方法。西方国家把它们的污染外包给印度/中国/东南亚等国家，这些国家将其污染输出到远离其富裕城市的国家。我们只需要弄清楚下一步将这些污染物出口到哪里，这样我们就可以对自己“应对气候变化”的做法感到满意。

[–]kulio_forever 2 指标 2 天前 
That's certainly a good point. And as you say it is false to say we are reducing pollution when we simply move a factory from the US to another country.

这确实是个很很有力的观点，就像你说的，当我们把工厂从美国搬到另一个国家时，说我们减少了污染肯定是错误的。

But then its a little more obvious that you haven't "won the war on pollution" when you are not even relocating those factories outside your country and instead only bothered to re-distribute them somewhat to make things look cleaner.
Don't misunderstand I am all for a serious effort at making factories use scrubbers and install more pollution controls. But that's not what the government is doing.

更明显的是，当你甚至没有将这些工厂迁往国外时，而只是费心地重新分配这些工厂，让它们看起来更干净的话，你其实并没有“赢得反污染的战争”。不要误会，我完全支持他们在工厂使用洗涤器，并安装更多的污染控制器这方面做出的重要努力，但这并不是政府现在在做的事情。

[–]214596603 1 指标 2 天前 
Yeah I totally agree with your point I think. China is concerned with having the international facing cities be nice while letting the rest of the country turn into a dump.

是的，我完全同意你的观点。中国关心的是让其城市（的名声）在国际上变得更好，同时将其他国家变成垃圾场。

[–]kulio_forever 1 指标 2 天前 
Yeah that's all their policies are doing. Not all but...did you know they have active solar facilities out in the west generating right now far from population centers so the energy is wasted...
but heaven forbid a uni student tries to hand out flyers and its straight to the gulag for her

是的，这正是他们所有的政策正在做的事。不是所有的，但是......你知道他们在西部有太阳能设施吗，因为是在远离人口中心的地方发电，所以能源被浪费了...... 是他们却不允许大学生发传单，会直接送人进古拉格劳改。

（译注：古拉格是前苏联政府的一个机构，负责管理全国的劳改营。）

[–]BillyBattsShinebox 8 指标 3 天前 
Good news but I swear the winter here in Wenzhou was the worst year since I've been here. People always say it's a "clean city" but it had worse air than both Beijing and Shanghai this winter. The AQI was above 150 almost every single day. Even in the summer it's not that much better (seems to be above 150 about 50% of the time). I'm not sure what's happening.

好消息，但我发誓温州今年冬天是我在华以来最糟糕的一年。人们总是说这是一个“干净的城市”，但今年冬天这里的空气比北京和上海的空气都差。AQI几乎每一天都在150以上。即使是夏天，情况也不会好到哪里去（大约50％的时间AQI指数似乎都高于150）。我不确定发生了什么。

[–]Sgtbit 4 指标 3 天前 
Lol last week when i was there: air quality（链接中的截图）

哈哈，上周我在那里时的空气质量：



[–]Thebeztredditor 5 指标 3 天前 
Did a Chinese corporation buy the Guardian?

中国公司是否收购《卫报》了？

[–]polymathicAK47 2 指标 3 天前 
Chinese person. Jack Ma. Soon it'll be named the South England Morning Post

中国人，马云。很快它将被命名为南英格兰早报。

[–]BurgerLaowaiItaly 5 指标 2 天前 
It was almost hilarious how scmp went into full Beijing cocksucking mode as soon as Jack Ma bought them.

《南华早报》一被马云买下就进入跪舔北京的破模式，真是太可笑了。