睡眠不足有引发抑郁症的风险 [美国媒体]

You're not yourself when you're sleepy

睡眠不足有引发抑郁症的风险



More than a third of Americans don't get enough sleep, and growing evidence suggests it's not only taking a toll on their physical health through heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and/or other conditions, but hurting their mental health as well.

约有超过1/3的美国人有睡眠不足的问题，并且越来越多的证据表明，睡眠不足不仅仅会对身体健康造成伤害，诸如引发心脏疾病、糖尿病、中风等，也会对人们的精神健康造成损害。

According to a recent study led by Postdoctoral Fellow Ivan Vargas, PhD, in the journal Cognitive Therapy and Research, those who are sleep deprived lose some of their ability to be positive-minded people. 

由博士后研究员伊万·瓦加斯（Ivan Vargas）领导的最近一项刊登在《认知疗法与研究》杂志上的研究表明，那些睡眠不足的人会失去乐观思考的能力。

That may not sound serious, but medical experts say an inability to think positively is a serious symptom of depression that could be dangerous if left unaddressed. An estimated 16.1 million adults experienced a major depressive episode in 2014.

这听起来似乎并不算严重，然而医学专家称，无法乐观思考是患上抑郁症的严重信号，如果放任不管的话可能会变得非常危险。据估计，在2014年约有1,610万成年人经历过重度抑郁症发作。

"In general, we have a tendency to notice positive stimuli in our environment," said Vargas. "We tend to focus on positive things more than anything else, but now we're seeing that sleep deprivation may reverse that bias."

瓦加斯说：“通常来说，我们倾向于注意到周围环境中的积极刺激因素，比起其他事情，我们倾向专注于更积极的事情。不过我们现在发现，睡眠不足甚至会完全反转该倾向。”

In their study, Vargas and his team took 40 healthy adults, and randomized them to either 28 consecutive hours awake, or a full eight hours of sleep.

在该研究中，瓦加斯和他的团队随机让40名健康的成年人，或保持连续28小时的清醒，或充分睡眠8小时。

All participants participated in a computer test measuring their accuracy and response time at identifying happy, sad and neutral faces to assess how they pay attention to positive or negative information.

所有的参与者都参加了一项电脑测验，以评估他们在辨别高兴、悲伤以及无特别表情的中性面孔时的辨别精确度和反应时间，以得知他们是如何对待正面或负面信息的。

The team found that those who were acutely sleep deprived were less likely to focus on the happy faces. 

研究小组发现，那些严重睡眠不足的人不太会关注高兴的面孔。

They didn't necessarily focus more on the negative, but were less likely to focus on the positive. 

虽然他们也未必会更多关注负面信息，然而他们更少去关注正面信息。

The study may have implications for those experiencing depression and/or anxiety.

这项研究可能对那些正经历抑郁或焦虑的人有所启发。

There are many symptoms of depression -- including feeling sad and no longer being able to enjoy things you typically would, but poor sleep is associated with a particularly serious sign of the condition.

抑郁症的症状多种多样，包括感到悲伤以及对于人们通常感兴趣的事物无法表现出兴趣。然而睡眠不足是关系到该疾病的一项尤其严重的信号。

"Depression is typically characterized as the tendency to think and feel more negatively or sad, but more than that, depression is associated with feeling less positive, less able to feel happy," Vargas says, "Similarly, if you don't get enough sleep, it reduces your ability to attend to positive things, which over time may confer risk for depression."

瓦加斯认为：“抑郁症的典型特征是，患者倾向于负面和悲伤地思考和感受，不仅如此，抑郁会减少人们积极的感受和感到快乐的能力。同样地，如果你睡眠不足的话，也会降低你参与积极事物的能力，长期下去的话就会造成抑郁的风险。”

Interestingly enough, in the present study, those with a history of insomnia symptoms were less sensitive to the effects of the sleep loss. 

不过有趣的是，目前的研究表明，那些有失眠症病史的患者，对于睡眠不足导致的问题却并没有那么敏感。

The authors believe this might be because those with a history of insomnia symptoms have more experience being in sleep-deprived conditions and have developed coping methods to modulate the effect of sleep loss.

研究的作者们认为，这可能是由于那些长期患有失眠症的患者已经经历了相当多的睡眠不足，并且由此已经产生了应对睡眠不足所带来的问题的自我调节方法。

Vargas and colleagues recently presented a related study at SLEEP 2017, the 31st Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC, on the association of insomnia and suicide, finding that people who suffer from insomnia are three times more likely to report thoughts of suicide and death during the past 30 days than those without the condition.

瓦加斯和他的同事最近在“睡眠 2017, 联合专业睡眠协会第31届年度会议”上，提交了一项关于失眠症和自杀的相关研究。研究发现，在过去30天中，声称自己有自杀和死亡想法的人中，受到失眠症困扰的人要比没有该疾病的人要多3倍。

The study comes amid a growing body of knowledge associating sleep disorders and depression. 

该研究是在人们对于睡眠失调和抑郁症的越来越多认识的基础上建立起来的。

For example, ongoing research presented this year at SLEEP 2017 from a multi-center NIH-sponsored "Treatment of Insomnia and Depression" study (abstract 0335 here) suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) may help achieve depression remission in those suffering from both depression and insomnia who sleep at least 7 hours each night. (A clinical practice guideline published in 2016 in Annals of Internal Medicine recommends CBT-I (not sleep medications) as the initial treatment for chronic insomnia.

比如，在本年度的“睡眠 2017”会议上，学者们提交了一项正在进行中的研究。该研究是关于“失眠症和抑郁症的治疗方法”，并由美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）多个医学中心资助。研究表明，失眠症的认知行为疗法 (CBT-I)，对于那些患有抑郁症但每天晚上睡眠不低于7小时的人来说，可能有助于减轻抑郁症的病情。（刊登在2016年《内科医学年鉴》上的一篇临床实践指南推荐对慢性失眠采取 CBT-I 疗法（而非安眠药）作为初始治疗）

Additionally, a new study in the journal Child Development furthers our understanding of the connection between late night cell phone use, mental health, and disrupted sleep, finding that using a cell phone at night can increase depression in teenagers and lower their self-esteem.

此外，发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，为我们进一步揭示了深夜使用手机、心理健康和不规律睡眠之间的联系，发现在晚上使用手机会增加青少年抑郁的风险并降低他们的自尊心。