【赫芬顿世界报】德国极右翼政党将首次进入议会 [美国媒体]

Germany’s Far-Right Party Set To Enter Parliament For The First Time 

德国极右翼政党将首次进入议会



The Alternative for Germany party, or AfD, shows how right wing populism is alive and well in Europe.

德国选项党（AfD）表明右翼民粹主义在欧洲活的很好。

After decades on the political fringe, Germany’s far-right is set to enter parliament and could even be the main opposition party following the country’s election this Sunday.

本周日的选举后，在政局边缘徘徊了数十年的德国极右翼将进入议会甚至成为主要的反对党。

The anti-immigrant, anti-Islam Alternative for Germany party, or AfD, is currently polling at around 11 percent ahead of the vote. The party has seen a surge in recent week, despite being mired in political scandal and infighting throughout the year.

反移民、反伊斯兰的德国选项党（AfD）现在的选前支持率大约为11%。虽然该党一直深陷政治丑闻和内斗，但其支持率在最近几周大幅上升。

The AfD’s potential success at the polls this weekend is a major shift for Germany, highlighting how deeply populist far-right movements have engrained themselves in European politics even as they fail to actually win elections. 

AfD即将在本周末投票中取得的胜利对德国来说是一个重大转变。这凸显了极右翼民粹运动已经扎根于欧洲政治中，即使他们并未真正赢得选举。

This year has seen the collapse of the far-right narrative that a populist wave ― along the lines of the U.K.’s Brexit vote and the 2016 election of U.S. President Donald Trump ― would overtake European governments. Far-right candidates such as the Netherland’s Geert Wilders and France’s Marine Le Pen have instead fallen short in their respective elections, and the AfD is certain to be shut out of any potential coalition government.

虽然今年极右翼的期望：伴随着英国脱欧公投和2016年美国特朗普当选总统，民粹主义浪潮将推翻也将推翻欧洲政府，已经破灭。极右翼候选人，例如荷兰的Greet Wilder，法国的玛丽勒庞，都在各自的选举中落败，同时德国选项党也已经被排除在任何可能的联合政府之外。

But even as the majority of voters in European countries still oppose far-right candidates, many right wing populist parties have reached unprecedented levels of support. Around a third of French voters wanted Le Pen to be president, for instance, a tally that would have been unthinkable many years ago.

但是即使欧洲国家的大多数选民仍然反对极右翼候选人，许多右翼民粹主义政党已经获得了空前的支持。例如，大约三分之一的法国选民支持勒庞成为总统，这在几年前是不可想象的。

“We’re still in anupward trend” for European populist parties, said Terri Givens, a professor at Menlo College and an expert on the radical right. 

对欧洲民粹主义政党来说，“我们依然处于上升期”，Menlo 大学教授、种族权利专家Terri Givens如是说。

“This is the strongest we’ve seen any far-right party in [post-war] Germany.” 

“这是战后德国最强大的极右翼政党”

Even the moderate success of the AfD represents a fracture of Germany’s political landscape. Since 1945, the country has essentially rejected far-right parties, in large part because of the devastating legacy of Nazism and the country’s culture of acknowledging the atrocities committed under fascist rule.

甚至此次德国选项党的小小胜利也反应了德国政治版图的分裂。从1945年起，由于纳粹主义的灾难性影响以及承认法西斯统治时所犯暴行的国家文化，德国一直从根本上拒绝极右翼政党。

But the AfD, which was founded in 2013 as an anti-eurozone party before shifting further to the right, has seen it’s popularity grow in recent years as it plays to nationalist and anti-Islam sentiment. The effects on political debate in Germany have been destabilizing and brought once-taboo, radical views into the mainstream discourse.

成立于2013年的德国选项党，在转向极右翼之前是一个反欧元区的政党。最近几年，通过挑动民族主义和反伊斯兰情绪，它的支持率获得了增长。这使得德国的政治辩论变得不稳，并且将曾经的禁忌——种族主义观点引入了主流的讨论中。

AfD candidates have repeatedly challenged Germany’s continued atonement for its past and still maintained popularity. Last week, one of the party’s lead candidates, 76-year-old Alexander Gauland, said the country has the right to be proud of the “achievements” of its soldiers in both world wars.

为了支持率，德国选项党AfD不断地挑战德国（对二战的）持续的反省。上周，该党领先的候选人之一，76岁的Alexander Gauland说：这个国家有权利为她的士兵在两次世界大战中的成就骄傲。

Earlier in the year, regional leader Bjorn Hocke called for a “180 degree turnaround in our memory politics” and referred to Berlin’s Holocaust memorial as a “monument to shame.” 

今年早些时候，该党的地区领导人Bjorn Hocke呼吁将“我们的政治纪念活动进行180度的转弯”并将柏林大屠杀纪念碑称为“耻辱的纪念碑”。

The AfD’s extreme rhetoric has drawn widespread outrage from established parties, with German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel comparing the party’s candidates to Nazis ― a rare and serious accusation in German politics. Germany’s parliament even changed a rule that the oldest member of the chamber gives an opening speech following the election, a move seen as a way to ensure that 77-year-old AfD candidate Wilhelm von Gottberg cannot hold the honor.   

该党的极端论调引起了建制派政党广泛的愤怒，以至于德国外长Sigmar Gabriel将该党候选人比做纳粹，这在德国政坛是一个极其罕见且极严重的指控。德国议会甚至修改了选举后让议会中最年长的议员来致开幕词的规定，该行动看起来是为了防止77岁的AfD候选人Wilhelm von Gottberg获得此项殊荣。

As the vote on Sunday approaches, the AfD has embraced some of its more extreme and Islamophobic talking points in a bid to stir up more support. The AfD held a press conference on Monday, in which Gauland and co-leader Alice Weidel claimed that Islam was incompatible with German democracy, called for increased border security to target migration and vowed to tighten rules around citizenship.

随着周日投票临近，AfD在讨论中引入了更多极端的和恐伊斯兰的论点以期获得更多的支持。该党在周一举行了一次新闻发布会。在发布会上，该党领导人Gauland和Alice Weidel声称伊斯兰和德国民主不兼容，同时呼吁加强边境安全措施以应对移民并保证（当选后）收紧入籍规定。

There is little chance that the AfD will be allowed to implement its policies, as German Chancellor Angela Merkel is expected to easily win her fourth term in office and form a coalition government that would exclude the far-right party. But the certainty around Merkel’s reelection has potentially buoyed the AfD, with supporters voicing discontent with the continuation of the political status quo.

AfD被允许实施其政策的机会很小，因为据预测德国总理默克尔将轻松赢下其第四个任期并建立一个将极右翼政党排除在外的联合政府。但是默克尔的再次确定当选可能会增加AfD的支持率，这来源于那些希望表达对继续维持现行政策不满的支持者。

A large part of the AfD’s rhetoric has also focused on attacking Merkel and her decision to let in hundreds of thousands of asylum-seekers during the height of Europe’s refugee crisis in 2015. Although asylum numbers have dramatically fallen since then and support for Merkel remains strong, polls show issues around immigration, integration and refugees are still the top concern for voters in the election.

AfD的大部分论调都集中于默克尔以及她的决定——在2015年欧洲难民危机的高峰允许成千上万的寻求庇护者进入德国。虽然从那以后难民人数已经大幅下降而且默克尔支持率依然坚挺，但是民调显示在选举中与移民、融合和难民相关的议题仍然是选民们最关注的。

If the AfD lives up to polling predictions and manages to gain around 10 percent of the vote, it will have dozens of members in Germany’s 703-seat parliament. The party would also find itself in a position familiar to other far-right parties in Europe, dragging policy and debate to the right while its position as an opposition party means it doesn’t have to figure out how to implement its ideas. 

如果能够像民调预测的那样在选举中获得10%的选票，那么它将在德国议会703个议席中获得数十席。该党将像其他欧洲国家的极右翼政党一样在议会中将政策和讨论往右翼方向拉扯，同时其作为反对党不需要说明如何实施它的想法。