东南亚国家中，为何只有泰国未被殖民？ [美国媒体]

Why was Thailand never colonized?

东南亚国家中，为何泰国曾未被殖民？



                     
1.    Niranjan Sankaran, studied at University of MumbaiAnswered Mar 2, 2013
Thailand succeeded to remain Independent partlydue to fact that it served  as bufferbetween French Indochina and British empire and partly due to reforms andmodernization carried by Rama IV and Rama V

历史上，泰国成功的保持了独立。这主要归功于它是作为法属中南半岛和大英帝国的缓冲区而存在的。拉玛四世（蒙固，1804年10月18日—1868年10月18日，是泰国国王拉玛四世（RamaIV），向清廷进贡时称郑明，拉玛二世之子，1851年到1868年在位。主要成就是命令贵族改变服饰；创建小乘佛教正法派）和拉玛五世的现代化改革对于泰国来讲也特别重要.（拉玛五世：泰国近代史上一位开明的君主。他在位42年，进行了一系列的改革，为现代泰国的社会发展奠定了基础。朱拉隆功采取西方的模式进行革新运动，史称“朱拉隆功改革”。为了避免已经坠入殖民统治的几个邻国的厄运，朱拉隆功忍辱割让泰国中央政权鞭长莫及的边远属地和藩属土邦，放弃在老挝和柬埔寨西部的权利，并将马来半岛四个邦割让英国，才使泰国免于遭到沦为殖民地的命运。）


 
During Rama II's reign western influences  began to be felt in Siam.In 1785 the Britishoccupied Penang, and in 1819 they founded Singapore making them  main western economic and political influencein Siam.To negotiate with British Siam signed Burney Treaty agreeing  to establish a uniform taxation system, toreduce taxes on foreign trade and to abolish some of the royal monopolies. Itincreased in trade, thus kingdom became wealthier and army better equipped.
In 1859 French occupied Saigon and startedinfluencing Vietnam and Cambodia. Rama IV soon realized that French were moreinterested in territorial expansion so he gave British economic concessionsthey demanded in hoping to get British support.

在拉玛二世时期，暹罗在西部边境地区的影响力开始衰退。在1785年，英国人占领了槟城，在1819年，英国人占领了新加坡，之后，新加坡成了英国在暹罗地区进行经济和政治管理的核心区域。英国和泰国签订了《伯尼条约》，他们承诺要建立统一的税制，以减少重复征税。同时，英国还希望通过这个条约来减少泰国王室对于经济的垄断。这促进了双方的贸易，泰国的税收越来越多，这使得泰国能有更多的财政用于提高自己的武器装备。在1859年，法国占领了越南和柬埔寨。拉玛四世很快就意识到法国对于领土扩张的极大兴趣，因此，他给英国人以经济特权，然后请求英国人来帮他们遏制法国的扩张。

At same time Siam took many reform Railways andtelegraph lines united the previously remote and semi-autonomous provinces. Thecurrency was tied to the gold standard and a modern system of taxation replacedthe arbitrary exactions and labour service of the past.Thus Siam continued toescape colonial rule.

与此同时，泰国展开了很多的经济改革，他们建立了铁路，建立了电报线，这加强了中央与边远地区之间的联系。他们的货币与黄金挂钩，现代化的税收体制取代了过去的对于劳动力进行剥削的旧体制。所以，最终，泰国逃离了成为殖民地的命运。

2.    Teerawatch ThoonTeerawatch Thoon, studied at ThammasatUniversity
Answered Jul 13
Siamese talk and Diplomacy is the main key.Siamese never be ruled by western. In History, Country lost to Burma hundredsyear ago and be ruled by a very short period.The agreement of British andFrance during the period as Siam had been a buffer state is not even partly thecase. (for siamese)A reason to invade a country must be actually resources. Thebuffer areas or areas were placed a large area not bigger than along sides oftheChaophraya River. 

这主要归功于暹罗人的外交手腕。暹罗人从没被西方人殖民。然而，数百年前，暹罗曾经被缅甸人占领，并被缅甸统治了一段时间。但是，这个时间非常的短暂。英国人和法国人达成协议，将暹罗作为两个国家所占殖民地之间的缓冲国。如果你想入侵一个国家，那么这个国家必定有你想要的资源。英法把他们之间的缓冲区设定成一个国家，而不是沿着河流设定防区，这样他们之间冲突会少很多。

Why must leave a country? Even, UK wanted Teakforest in northern.A reason of loosing many rule areas along the sides ofMekong River was the race. Those regions contained different plural culture andraces. Siam lost only colonized lands until the beginning of 1900.The KING RAMAV visited the Royal family of Russia Tsar Nicholas II and they become latervery close friends. That was the real political game to serve the whole countryamong shocking western politicians in the year.

如果一切顺利，殖民者怎么会放松对被殖民国家的控制呢？英国想要泰国北部的柚木林，但是最终他们放弃了。促使他们放弃的因素是沿湄公河的少数民族，在湄公河区域，存在着复杂的文化和民族关系。泰国只是在1900年的时候丢了一点点的土地。泰国国王拉玛五世访问了俄国王室，尼古拉斯二世接见了他们，在这之后，他们变成了很好的朋友。这个事件震动了当时的西方世界，这是一个实实在在的政治游戏。


  
By the results of his majesty and diplomatic,Siam became a lead country powerful in Asia at the time by reasons, especiallyin SE Asia, in the reform period. Later, RAMA V sent hundred of young men tostudy across countries in Europe.The main reason of Siamese elites chose toobey Japan empire due to the main purpose of Japan during the WWII was theinvasion of Burma ruled by British who was once the direct 400yrs enemy of Siamuntil they burn Historic of Ayuthaya in B.D. 2310.

在那个大变革时期，泰国通过巧妙的外交手腕，成为了东南亚的最有权力的国家。其后，拉玛五世派遣了上百名的年轻学生去欧洲学习。暹罗精英之所以选择则臣服日本，是有很明确的目的的。日本在二战时期要入侵缅甸，而当时缅甸是英属殖民地。缅甸在400年前曾经是暹罗的敌人，他们在佛历2310年，即公元1767年摧毁了阿瑜陀耶王朝。（大城王朝，也叫阿瑜陀耶王朝。1350年~1767年暹罗国封建王朝，是泰国古文明的发源地。）
大城王朝遗址：



Like many countries, Political in Siam changedthe role of the prime minister to run undertake the military role during WorldWars. The leader wished to bring colonized lands back from France / Englandthen declared to join Japan. However, A factor to win a war was changed. 

和许多其他地区的国家一样，泰国在二战期间也出现了军人主导政府的局面。国家领导人想要将那些被英法夺去的领土重新夺回，因此，他们加入了日本帝国。然而，一个关键的因素影响了战争的进程。

The past prime minister, Thai Ambassadors atUS,UK and numbers of Thai intelligence service volunteered to assist allianceas spies in US and UK. (That why, most of important royal palaces andfacilities are all safe from alliance's airbombing)After the war, The Britishgovernment was close to bankrupt because of impacted by the war. In themeantime, They may be angry that Siam allows Japan to pass to Burma andSingapore. Hence, At the first negotiation Siam accepted to pay 1.5 million tonof Rice to England.

当时在英国和美国有泰国卸任的总理，大使，以及其他很多泰国的知识分子，这些人志愿的成为英美的间谍。这就是为何盟军在轰炸泰国的时候，避开了很多泰国的皇家宫殿和基础设施。二战以后，因为战争支出，英国政府的财政濒于破产。在二战中，泰国屈从日本，让日本借道泰国进攻缅甸和新加坡，英国对此非常恼火。最终，在第一次协商过后，泰国接受英方条件，支付150万吨大米给英国。

however, It seems British wished to get morepayable endlessly. Siam is afraid of being sought to be indirect colonized. So,Just notice this negotiation to the US via NEWS reporters and slow the time ofsigning, It was enough for the US who invested lots of resources in the recentwar not let the Old Empire get some advantage alone.

然而，英国似乎想要狮子大开口。暹罗害怕成为英国的殖民地，因此，他们将协商的结果透露给了美国媒体，暹罗也延迟与英国签订条约的日期。在二战期间，美国已经投入了大量的资源，他们不想再让传统殖民势力趁机占便宜，所以美国介入了两国的谈判。

Finally, After WWII, Siam was changed to Thai.Military Institute rules the country both explicit and behind till today.Becauseof English is an international language, Most histories tend to conclude bysome western egoism.

最终，在二战结束之后，暹罗改称为泰国。从那时开始，军政府开始控制整个国家，一直延续到现在。因为英语成为了国际语言，所以大多数的历史倾向于以西方中心主义为视角来进行讲述。

3.    Peter TorjesenPeter Torjesen
Answered Oct 2, 2014
Thailand was almost colonized by the Frenchduring the Ayuthaya period, and after WW2 by the British.In the first case,Constantine Phaulkon (during the Ayuthaya period) who occupied a seniorposition within the Royal Court and had significant influence, tried to open upThailand for invasion by the French. However, his true intentions became known and Thailand closed itsborders for a century in response.

在阿育塔亚王朝时期，泰国差一点就被法国殖民了。在二战之后，差点被英国殖民了。阿育塔亚王朝时期，法国华尔康已经开始影响泰国的王庭，泰国当时已经对法国入侵打开了大门。但是，最终，泰国人及时醒悟，他们关闭了泰国与法国殖民地之间的边界，关闭时间达一个世纪之久。

The second case was following World War 2.  The UK's intent was to retake Malaysia, Burmaand add Thailand to its list of colonies following Japan's surrender.  Fortunately for Thailand, at the end of thewar, Thailand handed itself to the US rather than the UK (note this was a verycalculated move by the Thais).  The US hadno intention of colonizing and therefore Thailand was off the hook.

第二次危机是在二战之后，英国想重新占领马来西亚，缅甸。因为泰国在二战中屈服于日本，所以英国想把泰国变成殖民地。但是，最终，泰国投身于美国怀抱，英国计划落空。请注意，泰国投身美国是精心算计的结果，

4.    AnonymousAnonymous
Answered Aug 4, 2014
same reason as countries which were notcolonized. now lets look at countries that have not been colonized.
1) Thailand: buffer between French Indochina andBritish empire
2) Nepal: buffer between Qing empire and BritishIndia.
3) Mongolia: buffer between Soviet Union andChina
it seems being a buffer between two superpowershelps in remaining uncolonized.
Answers that need improvement

有些国家没有被殖民，让我们来仔细看看是哪些国家：
泰国：法属中南半岛和英属缅甸之间的缓冲国
尼泊尔：大清帝国和英属印度之间的缓冲国
蒙古：中国和苏联之间的缓冲国
看起来两个大国之间需要中立国，这个答案还需要被仔细检视一下。

5.    Egor Shvetsov, lives in ThailandAnswered Sep 8
In addition to many geopolitical reasons, withwhich I agree, I want to add one more observation.After living in the countyfor about 6 years I noticed how locals can compromise to make win win asituation for all parties. I guess it is part of their culture.

除了一些地缘政治的因素之外，我想谈谈一些基于个人视角的观察。在泰国已经住了有6年了，我发现当地人实在是太能妥协了，他们总是能够找到折中的方案。我猜，这个应该是他们自己的文化吧。

6.    Door DekAnswered Jan 11, 2015
Thailand is a powerful country in this area,that time. Ayutthaya period the first country who had ambassador to EU, 400year ago. Ayutthaya used many consultant from many country for each activity,never happen in other country. Student who graduated from France, are keynegotiator. 

那个时期，在东南亚，泰国是一个强大的国家。400年前的阿瑜陀耶王朝时期，泰国是第一个向欧洲派驻大使的国家。当时泰国请了很多外国的顾问，这在当时的整个东南亚都是独一无二的。泰国有很多留法的学生，这些都加强了泰国与西方国家之间的协商谈判能力。
Many Thai student in EU,but never have problemfor the color in history.World War 2, why Japanese troops are not strong fightwith Thailand.If u r General in the army, why. Thailand is poor and easy.Thailandlook poor, but actual they created many basic knowledge more than century. Thailandis independent by their own effort not boundary country, but get good supportfrom other country, Denmark, Netherlands, Russia, Portugal etc. They would liketo keep their benefit in this region too.

泰国在欧洲有很多的留学生，但是这些学生对于国家的忠诚是没有什么好质疑的。在二次世界大战中，为何日本军队没有与泰国军队激烈交火？如果你是军中的将军，你会这么干吗？泰国很穷，占领也很容易。实际上，泰国外交非常成熟。泰国通过自己的努力保持了独立，泰国还与其他欧洲国家之间保持了联系，丹麦，荷兰，俄国，葡萄牙等等。这些国家也很希望能够维持在东南亚的利益。

7.    Anton Levin, 6 years in Thailand. Fluent in Thai.Answered Jun 22, 2016
Thailand was colonized by the Burmese TaungooEmpire in the 1500s and remained under Burmese rule for about 18 years.

泰国在16世纪被缅甸帝国殖民，并被缅甸帝国统治了18年。

8.    Mayura KamikiAnswered Mar 5
not fully true, because thai fell under japaneseinvasion in 1941/42. Tho its not the main purpose of japan to invade thai, andjapan policy in thai was differed as its compared to their puppet country likemanchukuo, taiwan or korea. But still, technically they was under japanese ruleat that time. Late 1941, thai govern and japan reach an agreement wich thaisigned an alliance with japan andd support japan on its purpose to secureindo-china/south-east asia, and in 1942 thai declared war with US and UK as itssupport to japan in indo-china, means thai alrdy fell under japanese rule.

你的这个说法并非完全正确，泰国在1941-1942年的时候被日本所控制。但是，入侵泰国并不是日本的主要目标。日本是想把泰国变成他们的附属国，就好像满洲国那个样子，或者是朝鲜或者是台湾那样。但是，那段时间，泰国是在日本的控制之下。在1941年快结束的时候，泰国政府和日本政府签订了一个联盟协议，泰国支持日本控制中南半岛和东南亚，为了表示诚意，泰国在1942年对美国和英国宣战。这标志着泰国完全被日本所控制。下图：泰国美女