【Salon】超过¼的美国人表示支持独裁主义——新民意调查发现29%的调查对象表示支持“强硬的领导人”或“军队统治” [美国媒体]

-------------译者：北海西铜-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



A new survey reveals that although most Americans like to believe they prefer democracy over authoritarian forms of government the actual content of their convictions can veer precipitously toward authoritarianism.

一项新调查揭示：虽然多数美国人愿意相信自己更支持民主而非独裁的政府结构，但其“坚定信念”的实质内容却可以出乎意料地转向独裁主义。

"If given a direct choice the overwhelming majority of Americans choose democracy" writes Lee Drutman Larry Diamond and Joe Goldman of the Democracy Fund Voter Study Group. "In fact on each of the five questions we asked three quarters or more of all respondents provide at least some support for democracy and half or more express support for the strongest pro-democratic option. By contrast depending on the question between an eighth and a quarter of respondents provide an answer that does not support democracy."

民主基金（Democracy Fund）选民研究小组的李·德鲁特曼（Lee Drutman）、拉里·戴蒙德（Larry Diamond）和乔·戈德曼（Joe Goldman）在报告中写道：“面对直接选项时，占压倒性多数的美国人会选择民主主义。实际上，面对我们5个提问中的每一个时，都有超过3/4的受访者至少在一定程度上支持了民主；而半数以上的人则表达了对最强烈亲民主选项的支持。相比之下，根据问题的不同，有1/8到1/4的受访者会给出不支持民主的答案。”

They added that some of their evidence conflicts with the findings of a 2016 paper called "The Democracy Disconnect" by Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk. "(a) We do not find that public support for democracy in the U.S. is declining. (b) Nor do we find higher support among young people for an authoritarian political system" the Democracy Fund Voter Study Group writes.

报告补充道：调查得到的一些发现，与2016年由罗伯托·斯特凡·福阿（Roberto Stefan Foa）和Yascha Mounk撰写的一篇名为《民主的中断》的文章中的调查结果存在冲突。民主基金选民研究小组这样写道：
“（a）我们并未发现美国公众对民主的支持在降低；
（b）我们也未发现年轻一代对独裁主义政体的支持度更高。”

At the same time the Drutman Diamond and Goldman found that "only a slim majority of Americans (54 percent) consistently express a pro-democratic position across all five of our measures." Even those who have a dimmer view of democracy however were still more likely than not to avoid supporting authoritarian alternatives. That said the highest level of openness to authoritarianism came from voters who supported Donald Trump in the primaries while the highest support for democracy came from voters who were either consistently liberal or consistently conservative.

与此同时，德鲁特曼、戴蒙德和戈德曼发现：“在全部5个测试中，只有略占多数（54%）的美国人自始至终地表现出亲民主的姿态。”然而，即便那些对民主不甚看好的人，仍更有可能会避开那些支持独裁主义的选项。此外，对独裁主义持最开放态度的选民，大都来自在大选中支持唐纳德·特朗普的人；而对民主主义支持度最高的选民中，则一贯的自由主义者和一贯的保守主义者皆有。


-------------译者：北海西铜-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

oger 6d 7 Likes
I live in the Bible Belt always have and this is not news to me. Conservative Christianity is built on authoritarianism. They have been trained since a very young age that what Big Daddy says is best moral and right.

一直以来，我都生活在"圣经地带"（主要在美国南部，基督教福音派在社会文化中占主导地位的地区）。这对我来说可不是什么新闻。基督教保守派就是建立在独裁主义基础上的。教徒们从很小就被训练着接受，凡是“老爹”说的都是最好、最道德、最正确的。

Killgore TroutLeaderRoger6d 4 Likes
Well their god is a celestial dictator.

是啊，他们的“上帝”不就是天庭的独裁者。

Bruno68LeaderKillgore Trout6d
And what is Ruth Ginsburg? How many elections did she win? Indeed dictatorship is written into the U.S. constitution through the bill of rights.

那鲁斯·金斯伯格（Ruth Ginsburg，美国联邦最高法院大法官）算是什么？她赢过几次选举？实际上，独裁权是经由权利法案写进了美国宪法的！

Killgore TroutLeaderBruno686d 8 Likes
Wow the ignorance is astounding. I simply can't have a dialogue with someone as idiotic as you.

哇，真是无知得惊人啊！我简直没法和你这种白痴交谈。

Bruno68LeaderKillgore Trout6d
Who voted for same-sex marriage? Who voted for abortion rights? You can't have a dialogue because you can't deal with concepts outside of your comfort zone. Try educating yourself.

是谁投票支持同性婚姻的？又是谁投票支持堕胎权的？你没法交谈只是因为你无法应对自己不熟悉让你不舒适的概念罢了。自己多学点东西吧。

RogerLeaderKillgore Trout5d 1 Like
None if them appear to realize the struggle is between fascism and the principles laid down in the Constitution and that they are the fascists.  There are many examples of this but the one that highlights it best to me is when they cry about being persecuted because they can't force their cultural ideology on the rest of us.

这些人似乎没有意识到，这其实是法西斯主义和我们宪法原则的对立，而他们就是法西斯分子。这种人例子太多，但对我来说最高光典型的，莫过于那些一旦不能将其文化意识形态强加给他人，就开始哭喊"受了迫害"的家伙。

Bruno68LeaderRoger5d
Voters are supposed to be able to force their cultural ideology on the rest of society. That;'s how democracy works.

选民就应该要将他们的文化意识形态强加给其他社会成员啊。民主不就是这么运作的？

RogerLeaderBruno684d 1 Like
We are not a pure democracy. We are a constitutional republic. That is something you either do not understand or simply do not like and pretend not to understand.

我们不是纯粹的民主。我们是宪政共和制。这一点你要么是不懂，要么就是不喜欢所以假装不懂。

Bruno68LeaderRoger3d
Republicanism makes no sense. Gun control anyone? Let's allow gay marriage abortion and school shootings all at once and not let anyone vote on it. Your statements is ridiculous.

共和主义毫无道理。控枪的事谁来管？干脆也别投票了，什么同性婚姻、堕胎、校园枪击，一股脑都合法算了……你的说法简直荒谬至极。

RogerLeaderBruno683d
You are welcome to your opinion but it does not change the fact that the US is a constitutional republic not a pure democracy.

你可以有你的看法，但这改变不了事实，即：美国是个宪政共和国，不是纯粹的民主制。

-------------译者：北海西铜-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

GardenBruno684d
You are not allowed to force your ideology upon anybody if doing so violates their rights. This is EXACTLY why we are not a democracy.

你不能以侵犯他人权利的方式，将你的意识形态强加于任何人。这！恰！恰！是我们为什么称不上民主的原因！

Bruno68LeaderGarden3d
There's no such thing as "rights." The constitution is just a piece of paper. You can't just invent some "rights" out of thin air and then tell all voters for all time that they can't vote against them. It makes no sense at all!

“权利”这种东西其实本不存在。宪法不过是一页纸。你不能凭空发明个某种“权利”的概念，然后一直告诉选民不可以投票反对它。这完全说不通！

Mark FullerLeader6d 6 Likes
"More than one in four Americans prefer authoritarian politics"
Of course they do as long as the authorities are looking elsewhere...

“超过1/4的美国人支持独裁政治。”
他们当然支持啦，只要不“独裁”到他们头上就行了……

Dee_VLeaderMark Fuller6d 5 Likes
They never think it applies to them.  It's always rules for the other guy.

他们才不会想到这也适用于他们自己。规矩总是给别人定的。

Bruno68LeaderDee_V6d
They don't believe in democracy.

他们不相信民主。

Killgore TroutLeader6d 4 Likes
"...perhaps the problem isn’t so much Mr. Trump as it is hyper-partisanship."
Actually it's both and Trump encourages an authoritarian world view. Let's not limit this to just one or the other.

“……或许这并非是一个很‘特朗普’的问题，毕竟它是超越党派的。“
实际上，它两者都是，特朗普正是要鼓吹一个独裁主义的世界观。我们不能“非此即彼”地看待这个问题。

Bruno68LeaderKillgore Trout6d
"An authoritarian world view"????   Was it Trump that overturned Proposition 8 in California?

“独裁主义世界观”？？？？加州8号提案难道是被特朗普推翻的？（该"反同婚"提案于2008年在加州经选民投票通过；但2013年奥巴马任内，美国最高法院又推翻了该提案）

Crake49Leader6d 4 Likes
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/authoritarianism-in-american-politics/

Authoritarianism in American Politics
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/authoritarianism-in-american-politics/

【美国政治中的独裁主义】
分类比较独裁主义平均值：
宗教：
——新教福音派     0.709
——天主教           0.571
——主流新教        0.530
——世俗              0.481
——犹太教           0.383
人口密度：
——农村              0.603
——小城镇           0.584
——市郊              0.524
——大城市           0.502
——市中心           0.549
去教堂的频率：
——每周或更多    0.689
——低于每周       0.549
地域：
——南部地区       0.657
——其它地区       0.547
受教育程度：
——低于高中       0.754
——高中毕业       0.657
——大学未毕业    0.590
——大学毕业       0.510
——研究生毕业    0.370

Dee_VLeaderCrake496d 1 Like
No surprises in those findings.

对调查结果毫不惊讶。

Bruno68LeaderCrake496d
This is  based on a phony definition of "authoritarianism." The US constitution is slanted towards civil liberties and is itself a form of authoritarianism.

这项调查所基于的”独裁主义“定义本身就是错的。美国宪法一面倒地倾向公民自由权，它本身就是一种"独裁主义"形式。

RogerLeaderBruno685d 1 Like
So the US Constitution is authoritarian because it forces freedoms on US citizens?

所以说，美国宪法因为将自由"强加"于公民所以就是"独裁主义"的？

 -------------译者：毛绒熊猫-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

kenkapkkLeader6d 1 Like
News flash. Sky is blue. 38% of Americans don;t believe in Evolution. Ever hear about the McCarthy era? Bush and Cheney's lies? Why is thisd a story?

简讯一则。天空是蓝色的。38%的美国人不相信进化论。听过麦卡锡时代吗？布什和切尼的谎言呢？为什么这是个新闻？

ButterbeanLeader5d 1 Like
25% of Americans want to be bitched slapped by Donald Trump?  Guess who the morons are?

25%的美国人想要被唐纳德·特朗普辱骂和扇耳光？猜猜谁才是傻瓜呢？

Tom.BranchLeader6d 1 Like
We can guess along which party lines the pro authoritarian voters exist the Republican one.

我们可以猜测倾向于独裁者的选民在哪个党里，那就是共和党。

Bill HowardLeader5d
These characters who show support either for a strong leader or army rule have evidently never been in the armed forces. The military is a good example of what happens when you give power to someone of low mentality. That's why one will never see the likes of Bill Gates the late Steve Jobs Jeff Bezos and others like them wearing a uniform.

这些支持强势领导者和军队统治的人很明显从未参加过武装部队。想知道当你把权力交给意志薄弱的人时会发生什么，那军队就是个很好的例子。这就是为什么人们从不会看到像比尔盖茨、已故的史蒂夫·乔布斯、杰夫·贝佐斯以及其他像他们一样的人身穿军服。

BillR4d
Wow it's sad to hear that 1 in 4 Americans have serious mental problems.

哇，每4个美国人中竟然就有1个人患有严重的精神问题，这真令人难过。

ibtruthinLeader6d
Liberals are way more pro authoritarian than conservatives.

自由主义者比保守派更倾向于独裁主义。

Dee_VLeader6d
A new poll finds that 29 percent of respondents expressed support for a “‘strong leader’ or ‘army rule
Weak minded people who think the authority is there to take care of them until they get destroyed in its web of corruption.

“一项新民意调查发现29%的调查对象对“强势的领导者”或“军队统治”表示支持。”
那些意志薄弱的人傻傻地相信握有权力的一方是会关照他们的，直到他们被腐败的大网摧毁（才知道他们信错了人）。

Bruno68Leader6d
American's don't respect democracy; they believe in the authoritarianism of the US Constitution and Supreme Court. That's not much different than "army rule."

美国人不尊重民主，他们相信美国宪法和最高法院的权威主义。这和“军队统治”没什么不同。