我想学汉语，你们有什么好的建议吗？ [美国媒体]

What is the best way to learn Chinese?

我想学汉语，你们有什么好的建议吗？





1.    Daniel Tedesco, Recent Fulbrighter in China
Updated Jun 7, 2016
Originally Answered: What is the best way tolearn Chinese?
When I started learning Chinese, I took a bunchof classes. I took tests, made flash cards, memorized lists of vocab words,wrote thousands of characters. After a year, I realized how slowly I waslearning and decided to go my own way. I started using some of the techniquesbelow, but didn't realize the best ways to learn until I was already prettyfluent. If I had to start over, this is how I would do it:
I wouldn't spend a minute in formal classes.Don't pay thousands of dollars to sit silently in a room with 30 other peopleand listen to a teacher for six hours a day. If you're going to spend that timelearning Chinese, then spend it actively.

当我开始学习汉语的时候，我报了很多的培训班，我做了很多的测试，我制作了很多的卡片，背诵了汉字的单词表，写了成千上万的汉字。一年之后，我发现学习效率实在是太低了，于是，我打算用我自己的方式来学汉语。我用了如下一些策略，但是直到我的汉语非常流利了，我才逐渐把这一套方法给总结出来。如果上天再给我一次重来的机会，如下就是我将会选择的策略：
我绝对不会在那些很正式的培训班里花上哪怕一分钟的时间。在那里，你和30多个同学坐在一起，然后每天花上六个小时的课，每天不断的听老师给你讲解一些东西。如果你真的想把汉语学得非常流利的话，你完全可以在其他的地方下功夫，那样的话效果可能会更好。

From the beginning, I would find 2-3 Chinesestudents to tutor me every day each day (probably still less expensive thanenrolling in a school). I would spend the entire six hours reading dialogues*aloud* from Chinese language textbooks. If I got caught up on a word orsentence, I would ask the tutor to explain and then move on. This teaches youto read, speak, and listen all at once. Skip everything else in the book. Nofill-in-the-blanks. No 听写. No lists of vocabularywords. No flash cards. If a word is important, you'll see it again. Mostimportantly, with this method, every time you see a word will be in context of actualusage and *you* will be using it.When you get through all the dialogues in abook, get a new book. Get a slightly harder one.

一开始的时候，我会找2到3个中国的同学来指导我，事实上，这可能比你去参加培训班还要便宜一些。我会用整整六个小时的时间来朗读那些中文教科书上面的对话，如果我被一些单词或者是句子给难住了，我会询问那些指导人员，让他们给我解释一下，然后我会继续接着读下去。这些东西一次性的教会了我如何去读，如何去说，如何去听。书中的很多内容都可以被跳过去。不需要做填空题。不需要做听写。不需要背诵词汇表，不需要背诵单词卡片。如果一个词很重要，你自然会在其他地方再次看到它。最重要的是，使用这种方法，你每次看到一个单词时，你都是在真实的语境当中使用的，这样一来，你将能够在未来的某些环境之下，很有效率的去使用它。当你读完一本书的所有对话的时候，你就可以再去买一本新书。这本书的难度可以再高一点。

In your down time, watch TV and use WeChat(China's major messaging app).You probably have Chinese friends. Add them onWeChat. They definitely use WeChat. Talk to them all the time. They're probablyinterested in learning about where you come from and your perspective on theworld. Tell them. Force yourself to type in Chinese. It will be incredibly slowat first, and you might need to look up every other word. That's fine. You'llimprove quickly, because your brain will want to make communication easier foryou. (This assumes you don't need to learn how to *handwrite* Chinesecharacters. Realistically, unless you're a tattoo artist, you will probablynever need to.)

如果你有闲暇时间的话，你可以看看电视，或者使用微信进行聊天儿。你可能会交到中国朋友，你可以在微信上面加他们。他们肯定都会使用微信的。你可以和他们多多的进行聊天，他们可能会对于你来自于哪里非常感兴趣，他们对你的世界观也会非常好奇。你可以告诉他们这些东西，在这个过程当中，你强迫自己去使用汉语。刚开始的时候，这样做的速度可能会很慢，你可能会查一些字或者是词，但是没关系，你很快就会发现自己有了很大的进步，因为你的大脑每天都在积极的使用这些知识，你的大脑会尽量的让你在交流的方面变得更为容易，因此你的大脑会有选择性的吸收很多信息，效率会很高。此处，我假设你并不需要学习汉字书写，事实上，在很多时候你可能一辈子都不需要去写汉字。

Start with children's TV shows online. But spendthe entire time listening and reading the subtitles (Chinese TV shows almostalways have subtitles). I suggest 喜羊羊与灰太狼. When you get goodenough, stop watching cartoons. Watch the news and Chinese movies. Keep readingthe subtitles, though. It will be hard. You will think there is no light at theend of the tunnel. There will be weeks when you wish you never started learningChinese. But, if you do these things every day (no cheating), you will becomefluent in 6 months or less.

你可以先从看儿童电视节目开始，你要花时间去听那里面的内容，并尽量的去阅读那些字幕。有一点很有趣，中国几乎所有电视都会有字幕。我建议你去看喜羊羊与灰太狼，当你觉得你自己已经练习的足够好的时候，你就可以不用再看卡通片了。你可以看看中国的新闻，或者是电影，但是有一点请记住，你需要继续阅读字幕。当然，这个做起来可能会很难，你感觉这好像是在走一条漫漫无边的，没有尽头的黑暗的通道一样。你会感觉到绝望，甚至可能会想，我为什么要学汉语？但是如果你每天都这样做的话，你没有作弊，你可以用上六个月的时间，或者是更短，你的口语将会变得非常流利。

2.    Kevin Dewalt, Startup founder (5), Investor(25+), and mentor (a lot). Now working on SaaS.
UpdatedSep 28, 2012
OriginallyAnswered: What is the best way to learn Chinese?
Long Answer…
I asked this Quora question when I arrived inChina and was struggling to learn Chinese.  I've recently turned thecorner and can now have day-to-day life conversations with Chinesepeople.  Although I'm nowhere near the level of proficiency I desire, Ihave found a process that is working for me and feel bit more qualified toanswer my own question. I moved to China in the Spring of 2012.  It was ahard landing for me, much harder than I expected.  In America I spentabout 6 months studying part time with software products like Memrise,Chinesepod, and Anki flashcards as well periodic lessons with 1-1 tutors. I continued this practice in China, and by May of 2012 I was intenselyfrustrated with my progress.

我要开始我的长篇大论了：
当我刚刚来到中国的时候，我也在quora上面问过类似的问题，为了学习汉语，我也曾经历过痛苦的挣扎。现在我已经过了最难的阶段，我已经可以和中国人进行很自然的对话了。虽然现在我的水平还不能称得上是非常高，但是我觉得我的经历已经可以让我来回答这个问题了。2012年春节的时候，我来到了中国，一切都是既陌生又棘手，比我最初预想的要困难得多。在美国的时候，我花了差不多六个月的时间来进行学习，我还进行了一对一形式的学习。来到中国以后，我依然在执行这样的策略，到了2012年5月的时候，我对我的学习进度感觉到非常沮丧。

Chinese people had a hard time understanding evenbasic words I was saying and I understand almost nothing of what I heard. Fortunately my hours using Memrise had given me a good grasp of pinyin andknowledge of about 1,000 characters, so at least I could use SMS to communicateas a last resort.  But overall I realized that if I didn't find a betterapproach to start rapidly improving I was on the road to becoming anotherWesterner who tried to learn and gave up. Out of sheer frustration I startedreaching out to people like Daniel Tedesco (see his answer) and others foradvice.  I took Benny Lewis ("fluent in 3 months") to dinner andgot his advice.  I was shocked at the wide range of opinions, somestrongly held.  Some of the advice was helpful, some (like "just geta Chinese girlfriend") was useless to happily married me.  

中国人很难听懂我所说的一些基本的词汇，而我对于中国人所说的中文几乎完全听不懂。幸好我在之前已经学了一些拼音，我认识了一些汉字，所以至少我还可以用短信来进行基本的交流。但总的来说，我意识到如果我没找到一个好的方法来迅速改善我的口语水平的话，我将会成为一个语言学习上的又一个失败者。出于无奈，我开始去向别人寻求帮助，比如丹尼尔.泰德斯克，当然，我还去问了一些其他的人。我邀请本尼.李维斯吃饭，请他给我一点建议。他提了非常多的观点，我对他在语言上的广博见识敬佩不已。当然，有些是很有用处的，但是另外一些，比如找个中国的女朋友，我觉得这个想法就基本上没啥用处。

Every Westerner I met who was"fluent" (1) spent at least several months studying Chinese fulltime, and (2) spent massive amounts of time speaking 1-1 with native Chinesepeople. Of course this doesn't mean that software products, classrooms, andstudying part time don't help - I just didn't meet anyone who had used themsuccessfully. So in early June I decided to give myself a 3-month deadlineof getting to basic efficiency or give up.  I stopped taking meetings inBeijing, stopped work on any other projects, and dedicated myself full time, 7days a week to learning Chinese.  

我遇到了很多西方人，他们的中文非常流利，这些人几乎都花了几个月的时间来学习汉语，他们花了大量的时间进行一对一的口语交流。当然，这并不是说那些学习类的软件就没有什么用处，也不是说去课堂就完全没有什么用，只不过我从来没有遇到一个这样成功的案例。因此在6月初的时候，我决定给我自己三个月的时间，来进行这样的训练，依据训练的结果来决定是否要采纳这一方法。我停止了在北京的聚会，我停止了工作，我停止了所有的项目，我打算专门花时间来进行中文学习。

I increased my 1-1 time with Chinese teachersfrom ~8 hours/week to ~25.  I found two great teachers（one from a school in Beijing http://www.livethelanguage.cn/,one referred by another American expat) and worked with them 1-1 for 3-6 hoursper day, 7 days/week.  These 3-hour sessions were exhausting at times. Outsideof class I got stacks of spoken Chinese textbooks with MP3 recorders.  Ispent hour after hour listening to MP3s, reading dialogs, and asking myteachers for help whenever I didn't understand a word or grammar. Whenever I could listed to the MP3 at full speed and read and understand theentire dialog I would move on, never going back, always moving on to the nextdialog.  No flashcards, no textbook exercises (unless part ofspeaking with my teachers).  

与中国老师一对一进行口语训练，我把时间从每周八个小时提高到了每周二十五小时。我遇到了两个非常好的老师，每天与他们进行一对一的训练，大概训练3到6个小时，一周训练七天，每天三个小时的训练让人感觉筋疲力尽。在课堂之外，我还准备了很多mp3的中文口语教材。我反复不断的去听mp3音频教材，一旦我遇到了不懂的地方，我就会去向老师寻求帮助。如果我对于mp3当中的对话已经了如指掌的话，那么我就会毫不犹豫的放过他们。我会继续开始进行下一个对话。我没有做一些卡片，也没有进行一些课本练习。

I started watching episodes of 喜羊羊与灰太狼 per Daniel's advice.  I could not (and still can't) follow thedialog at full speed, so my teacher would transcribe the dialog for me and Iwould study it as well.  With my teacher I would explain the entireepisode to her, ask questions, and attempt to use the new words and grammarfrom the episode.  When I could watch it at full speed and understandeverything I would move on.  Sometimes I would have to see the same wordmultiple times before getting it. Since I never hand write English, I decidednot to learn how to write Hanzi characters except 一 、二、三 :-).  But I did type Hanzi everyday, typing out homeworkassignments, creating my own fictional dialogs, and writing stories. Every day I read them with my teacher, get errors corrected, and talk aboutthem.

我开始看喜羊羊和灰太狼，我无法跟上那里面对话的语速，老师会帮我把那些对话抄下来，然后我就能够把这些东西学得更扎实。和老师在一起的时候，我会向他解释很多事情，我所使用的就是中文，我也会向他问问题，我会尝试着去使用那些学到的单词和语法，当我可以很顺利的进行全速观看的时候，我就对剧中的内容完全了解了。有时候为了理解这些内容，我必须对同一个单词反复的进行学习。因为我不会写英文，所以我也决定不再去学习写汉字了。我只去学习那些最简单的单词，比如一，二，三之类的。但是我每天都会用汉字输入法进行训练。我会进行虚拟对话的训练，我也会模仿去写一些故事。每天我都会阅读这些内容，然后我会纠正这些内容当中的错误，我会和老师讨论这里面的东西。

I looked for every daily life opportunity tospeak Chinese.  Before going to get a haircut/buy something/to arestaurant I would write out fictional dialogs about what I planned to do, thenI would read and discuss them with my teachers.  Then I would go out anduse the language in the wild, making mistakes and stumbling throughit.  I tried (not always successfully) to not use English.  If Itook an evening off and watched an English TV program or spoke English withfriends I found the next day's class particularly tough.  In retrospect,my episodes of progress came when I went into Chinese and never came out forlong stretches of time.
But it has been very hard and many times I just wantedto quit.And...it worked.  By the end August, my 3 month deadline, I wasable to carry out basic life conversations.  I still plan on working1-1 with teachers a few hours a day, reading Chinese, and writing at everyopportunity.  In retrospect, my advice is…

我每天都寻找机会去说中文，比如我理发之前的那段时间，买东西的时候，或者在餐厅等着就餐的时候。我也会在没有人的地方不断的进行训练，在使用的过程当中不断的犯错误不断进行纠正，学习汉语之路也挺艰难。我尽量的不去使用英语，尽管有的时候并不那么成功。如果我晚上看了英文的节目，或者是和朋友进行了英语对话，我会发现接下来的课程非常的艰难。现在回想起来，我在英语上面的进步是从我完全的走进中国人开始。这是非常困难的，很多次我都想放弃，在8月末期的时候，我自己制定的期限已经到了，那个时候我已经可以进行基本的口语对话了，我依然在不断的进行的一对一的口语学习，读汉语，写汉字，我抓住每一个机会。回想起来，我有如下的建议……

（1）.  If life allows it, dedicate 6months, full time, 24x7 to studying and using Chinese when you arrive inChina.  There is so much basic life stuff to organize when you get hearanyway and you can use your time with teachers or students to learn how to usethe bank, get a haircut, etc.
（2）.  Find a way to spend 20-30hours/week in one-on-one dialog with native speakers.  Professionalteachers are the best if you can afford it ($5-$20 USD/hour) but you can alsoget students and tutors if necessary.  
（3）.  Be patient, be determined. It is so hard but it gets better.

（1）.如果条件允许的话，花费六个月的时间，每天不断的进行训练，在最初你将会遇到很多在以后经常会使用到的一些场景和内容，你可以将他们组织起来，反复的进行揣摩和练习，反复的进行场景实训。
（2）每周进行20到30个小时的训练，训练采用一对一口语对话的形式。如果能有专业的老师的话，那是最好的，专业老师的价格大概在每小时5美元至20美元，如果有专业老师的话，你将可以得到及时的指导。
（3）要有耐心，有恒心，学习语言非常困难，坚持下去，一切会好起来。