为什么韩国人和日本人如此健康? [美国媒体]

Why are South Korean and Japanese people so healthy?

为什么韩国人和日本人如此健康?




Anonymous
匿名
I don't know enough about South Korea but I have lived in Japan and know the culture well.  There are traditions and cultural expectations that help:
· Everyone walks everywhere.  Even if you take public transportation, you often have to walk a while to get to the station and/or go up/down stairs to get to the correct platform.  Generally, driving is used only if you have to travel far.  That also means that you have to go out frequently and walk around to run errands and shop for groceries.

我对韩国的了解还不够，但我在日本生活过，而且对日本文化很了解。希望这些日本的传统和文化能有助于我们了解:
· 每个人都步行出行。即使你乘坐公共交通工具，你也常常需要步行一段时间才能到达车站，或者上下楼梯才能到达正确的站台。一般来说，只有当你不得不走远路的时候才会开车。这也意味着你必须经常出去走走，四处转转，办些杂事和买生活用品。

· Good diet/nutrition is strongly emphasized (from childhood).  There is a tradition of eating modest amounts of several different things (miso soup, rice, pickles, vegetable side dishes, protein dish) for each meal, and vegetables/seaweed are considered very important parts of the diet. Children eat lunches served by the school cafeteria, so they have access to nutritionally balanced lunches.  Parents (often mothers) are expected to serve balanced, nutritious, appetizing meals with vegetables, protein, and carbs (typically plain rice) -- you see a microcosm of this in bentos (lunch boxes).

· 强调良好的饮食/营养(从童年起)。他们传统上每餐适量地吃几种不同的食物(味噌汤，米饭，咸菜，蔬菜配菜，富含蛋白质的食物)，并且蔬菜和紫菜被认为是饮食中非常重要的一部分。孩子们吃学校食堂提供的午餐，这样他们就能获得营养均衡的午餐。父母们(通常是母亲)被期望提供均衡的、营养的、美味的食物，包括蔬菜、蛋白质和碳水化合物(通常是白米饭)——你可以在便当(午餐盒)中看到这一点。

· Lighter diet in general: Home-cooked meals are the standard, not eating out -- traditionally, housewives/mothers are charged with preparing good home-cooked meals.  Traditional home cooking relies on vegetables and lean protein with limited use of oil / added fats, and the diet is way less rich compared to what I find in the U.S.

· 一般来说，更明智的饮食习惯不是外出就餐，而是在家做饭，这很普遍——传统上，家庭主妇/母亲们会负责准备好美味的饭菜。传统的家庭烹饪依靠的是蔬菜和瘦蛋白，减少油和额外脂肪的摄入，与我在美国所发现的相比，这种饮食方式不含有那么高的脂肪。

· Seasonal produce is cherished in Japan.  There are seasonal dishes according to what's in season, and fruits are popular as desserts, snacks, and gifts.
· Serving sizes are smaller.  When my Japanese relatives visited the U.S., they could not get over how huge the portions were -- "two people's worth!!"  I personally didn't find Japanese portions particularly small, either, but there was definitely a greater variety and more vegetables packed into each meal.

· 在日本，季节性的农产品很受重视。根据季节的变化，有季节性的菜色，把水果作为甜点、零食和礼物也很受欢迎。
· 食量较小。当我的日本亲戚来美国看我时，他们无法吃掉大份的食物——“这是两人份的啊！！”就我个人而言，我并不觉得日本食物份量特别少，但可以肯定的是每顿饭都包含许多种类丰富的蔬菜。

· Getting outside and socializing is considered healthy and important, especially in terms of admiring nature, joining family gatherings/festivals/events, etc.
· Keeping active is prized (and being lazy is not).  Even in older age, walking, stretching, and doing things around the house are expected.  The Japanese keep busy with a lot of regular cleaning, errands, and various housekeeping tasks -- the elderly tend to prefer staying in their original homes, and their children tend to be busy working people, so they just continue to do everything on their own.

· 户外活动和社交活动被认为是健康和重要的，尤其是观赏大自然,参加家庭聚会/节日/活动等等方面。
· 积极进取是很重要的(懒惰则被否定)。即使老了，散步，运动，和做些家务都是可行的。

· Probably good genes x environment interaction -- I think most Japanese would find it quite difficult to become obese, partly because of genetics and partly because of the diet and the activity level they are used to.  They are not used to a richer diet, and even though processed food is common nowadays, the Japanese still find comfort in homestyle dishes. Moreover, there is a culture of walking around and keeping busy around the house.  That makes it easier for them to stay reasonably in shape.
I'm sure there are more, but these are some possibilities.

· 可能因为良好的基因和环境相互作用的影响——我认为大多数日本人很难变胖，有部分原因是遗传，还有部分原因是他们传统的饮食和运动。他们不习惯饮食有多丰富，即使加工食品现在很普遍，日本人仍然能在家常菜中找到安慰。此外，四处走动和忙于家务是日本的一种文化。这使得他们更容易保持良好的体形。
我相信还有更多原因，但这是一些可能的原因。

Michael Jun, studied at University of California, Berkeley
Michael Jun, 毕业于加州大学伯克利分校
Background
South Korean men aren't healthier than the average men in the industrialized countries. The Korean and Japanese women do however live a very long life. (World Health Statistics 2014) The reason probably is that about 2/3 of adult South Korean men smoked only a few decades.
1. FOOD
(1) Low Calories
South Korean food is not perfect but even the Korean junk food is healthy in comparison with the average American diet. Many Korean junk food don't use frying or oil and use spices instead of sugar for flavoring. This is due to the reason that sugar was nearly unavailable in old Korea and honey was very expensive. So the Korean cuisine developed without sweetener at hand. Also, red meat is relatively expensive so people are forced to eat more fish which were more plentiful and plant proteins such as beans and tofu. Soy beans naturally fertilized the soil by fixing nitrogen so they were growing in abundance. Also, carbonated drinks are not part of the Korean meals- Korean restaurants give you water for free but charge money for soda.

背景
韩国男性并不比一般工业化国家的男性更健康。然而，韩国和日本的女性却很长寿。（2014年世界卫生统计）原因可能是，在短短的几十年里大约2/3的韩国成年男性吸烟。
1.食物
(1)低卡路里
韩国的食物并不完美，但即使是韩国的垃圾食品也比普通美国人的饮食健康。许多韩国垃圾食品不用油炸或油，并且用香料代替糖来调味。这是由于在过去的韩国，糖几乎是不可能获得的，而蜂蜜又非常昂贵。所以韩国料理在没有甜味料的情况下发展起来。另外，红肉的价格相对较高，因此人们被迫吃资源量更多的鱼类，以及其他的植物蛋白质，如豆类和豆腐。大豆通过固定氮使土壤肥沃，又能在土地中大量生长。此外，碳酸饮料并不是韩国饮食的一部分——韩国餐馆免费提供水，但是苏打水要收费。

(2) Hot Pepper burns fat
Some of the prominent features of the Korean dishes seem to have some unrecognized health benefits starting from the hot pepper. (@Page on laramieboomerang.com) The American scientists at the University of Wyoming found that "a spicy compound in chili peppers could help fat burn to produce energy". There is another research titled @Capsaicin as an anti-obesity drug. (Capsaicin is what makes the red pepper hot.) At least, red pepper does not have a huge caloric value like fat or sugar.

(2)辣椒能够燃烧脂肪
辣椒能带来健康益处，虽然并为被认可，这是韩国菜显着的特点。(@Page laramieboomerang.com) 美国怀俄明州大学的科学家们发现，“辣椒中的辛辣化合物可以帮助脂肪燃烧产生能量”。 还有一项名为“@辣椒素是一种抗肥胖的药物。”的研究。(辣椒素是辣椒辣的原因。) 至少，红辣椒没有像脂肪和糖那样含有巨大的热量值。

(3) Some Interesting Food Stuff
Some Korean and Japanese food items, garlic, seaweed and soy beans, are considered "superfood" by western scientists and some Korean foods are being rediscovered by the Koreans themselves after the Western media heaped praise on them. I learned from the western media that garlic was very nutritious and acts like natural antibiotic. Garlic seems central to the Korean cuisine and often gives the Korean bad breath and reputation abroad. (This created the Korean brushing teeth culture: Korean’s “Brushing Teeth” Culture.)
Another superfood/insect which is popular is silkworm larva. They are low in fat and rich in protein. I love them though I find them disgusting too. My eyes find them revolting while my tongue craves them. So I close my eyes when I eat them. Overall, snacking insects is healthier than eating popcorn or french fries.

(3)一些有趣的食材
一些韩国和日本的食品，大蒜，海藻和大豆，被西方科学家认为是“超级食物”，而韩国的一些食物因为西方媒体对他们大加赞赏而被韩国人重新发现。我从西方媒体那里了解到大蒜很有营养，就像天然抗生素一样。韩国料理似乎都围绕着大蒜，这让韩国人口臭并名声在外。(这创造了韩国刷牙文化:韩国的“刷牙”文化。)
另一种受欢迎的超级食物或者是昆虫就是蚕幼虫。它们低脂肪,高蛋白质。尽管我觉得它们很恶心，但我挺喜欢吃的。看着很恶心，但却很好吃。所以当我吃它们时我就闭上眼睛。总的来说，吃昆虫零食比吃爆米花或炸薯条更健康。

(4) Lots of Leafy Dishes
Also, banchan, the free, unlimited side dishes are often salted or fermented vegetable. (meat banchan is possible but costly so the restaurants give you leafty banchan to save costs.)
So if you grow up in Korean diet, you are forced to eat lots of vegetable and whole grain. The Korean vegetables and herbs are hardcore and they can be really bitter and tastes woody or grassy. They tend to be marinated or pickled intensely to make it palatable. In Korea, you really had no choice but to gulp up seaweed soup rather than a supersize Coca Cola. The beans are mixed with the rice bowl so you can't avoid eating the beans. (I tried to separate the rice from the beans because I hate beans but it was quite laborious.)
The Korean climate makes it easy to grow the small vegetable. In summer there are weeds all over the places. In the old days the Koreans made dishes around the edible grass which are considered weed or for animal feeds by the Westerners.

(4)许多绿叶菜
还有，小菜类，免费的、无限量的配菜通常是腌制或发酵的蔬菜。(肉类配菜也有，但价格不菲，所以餐馆给你的是绿蔬配菜来节省成本。)
因此，如果你吃韩国菜长大，你就不得不吃大量的蔬菜和全谷物。韩国人吃的蔬菜都是硬核的，它们可能真的很苦，尝起来像在吃木头和青草。这些蔬菜往往被浸泡或腌制，以增加其美味度。在韩国，你别无选择，只能喝紫菜汤，而不是超大号的可乐。豆子和米饭混合在一起，所以你不得不吃豆子。(我试着把米饭和豆子分开，因为我讨厌豆子，但这很费力。)
韩国的气候使种植小型蔬菜变得很容易。夏天到处都是杂草。在过去，韩国人用被西方人认为是杂草或动物饲料的可食用草来作为食物。

2. WALK
Unless you are very wealthy or have a lot of free time, you'll have to walk more in South Korea, probably same in Japan as well. The country is densely populated so it makes a lot of sense to take a bus or subway. (If you have a helicopter or personal limo, then no.)
3. HEALTHCARE
I can't say the Korean doctors are the best but the cost of medical care is very reasonable. South Korea has a universal health care system like most Western countries and you can get a decent healthcare for a low price. I think Koreans have some oriental obsession for longevity so don't shy away from seeing doctors for health checkup.

2.走
在韩国除非你非常富有或者有很多空闲时间，否则你必须走很多的路，也许在日本也一样。这个国家人口稠密，所以乘公共汽车或地铁很有意义。(如果你有直升机或私人豪华轿车的话，那就不用了。)
3.医疗保健
我不能说韩国的医生是最好的，但是这里的医疗费用非常合理的。韩国有一个像大多数西方国家一样的全民医疗保健体系，你可以用低廉的价格得到相当好的的医疗服务。我认为韩国人对长寿有着某种东方情节，所以不会回避去看医生做健康检查。

Jeff Light, Lived in both Tokyo and Osaka for years, travelled around most of the country
Jeff Light, 在东京和大阪生活多年，在全国大部分地区旅行过
A lot of good points here, especially that Korean men in fact are not especially long-lived (Japanese men similarly live much shorter than the women.)
Having lived in both countries (and now Singapore) for several years, I think there are some commonalities in the countries which are overlooked in favor of things like diet.
Yes, the diet is a bit healthier than a Western diet, but these days all these countries are eating tons of potato snack crisps, salty food, and very oily and fatty fast food (and I mean LOCAL fast food, not just McDonalds). The real dietary difference comes, as some people mentioned, in lower sugar, and portion control.
But actually, I think there are two much greater factors. The first is genetics and epigenetics. Emerging science shows that much more important than what YOU eat or smoke or drink is what your Grandfather or Great-Grandmother did. Their health is written on your DNA, and whether your cancer cells or heart disease is triggered has very much to do with the lifestyle of your ancestors. Let's wait 2 generations or so and see if there's really so much of a difference between Western countries and developed Asian countries.

这里有很多正确的看法，特别是韩国男人实际上并不是很长寿(日本男人的寿命也比女人短很多)。
我在这两个国家（现在住在新加坡）都生活了几年，我认为这些国家的一些共同点被忽视了，比如饮食。
是的，这种饮食比西方饮食要健康一些，但如今，所有这些国家都在吃大量的土豆类零食薯片，盐类食品，以及非常油腻和高脂肪的快餐食品(我指的是当地的快餐，而不仅仅是麦当劳)。正如一些人所提到的，真正的饮食差异来自于低糖和对饮食的控制。
但实际上，我认为有两个更大的因素。第一个是遗传和表观遗传。新兴科学表明，比你饮食、抽烟或喝酒更重要的是你的祖父或曾祖母。他们的健康是写在你的基因上的，你的癌症细胞或心脏病是否会发作，与你的祖先的生活方式有很大的关系。让我们等上两世代左右，看看西方国家和发达的亚洲国家之间是否真的有很大的差别。

The second big factor, which some people mentioned, is lifestyle. Now, in general, people are much more active in Japan, Korea, and Singapore than in Western countries. They walk and move constantly. However, what accounts for the difference between sexes? Well, I suspect it has to do with rigid gender roles. In Korea and Japan especially, it is still quite usual to get married before 30, have kids, and become a fulltime housewife. Now, I am not suggesting that this role is without stress, but compared to the lifestyle of the men, who often practically LIVE at their office, and have compulsory drinking sessions after work, the lifestyles of the women are FAR healthier and more leisurely. They cook, clean, and take care of kids, but the children are mostly in schools and clubs from age 7, and really the wives are left to have lunch dates, watch TV, and travel. They control the household income, and shopping is a way of life, not a hobby!

一些人提到的第二个重要因素是生活方式。总的来说，现在日本、韩国和新加坡的人比西方国家的人活跃得多。他们经常步行和走路。然而，是什么导致了男女寿命之间的差异呢? 嗯，我怀疑这和严格的性别角色有关。尤其是在韩国和日本，在30岁之前结婚、生孩子、成为全职家庭主妇仍然很平常。现在，我并不是在暗示这个角色没有生活压力，而是说与那些经常生活在办公室的男人的生活方式相比较，他们在工作后还被强制饮酒应酬，而女性的生活方式则更加健康和悠闲。她们做饭、打扫卫生、照顾孩子，但这些孩子大多在7岁的时候就去了学校和社团，妻子们要做的只有决定吃午饭的时间、看电视和旅行。妻子们控制着家庭的经济，对她们来说购物是一种生活方式，而不是一种爱好！

Of course, these are generalizations, but when we talk about average life expectancy, so is that. With everything we know about the genome and stress these days, it seems far more fair to pay attention to these factors rather than getting sucked into the nationalistic pride competition comparing traditional foods and healthcare systems. These are distractions from more pervasive science.

当然，这些都是概括，但是当我们讨论平均寿命时，也是如此。随着我们对基因组和生活压力的了解，现在关注这些因素似乎更公平，而不是卷入传统食品和卫生保健系统进行比较的民族自豪感竞赛中。这些都不利于科学的普及。

Ashish Kumar Singh, A Software Engineer by profession, who loves to talk, write and click photos.
Ashish Kumar Singh, 一个喜欢说，写和编辑照片的软件工程师。
I have been to South Korea many times and have seen the answer for this question by my eyes !
· Koreans are very strict about food timings, Breakfast 7–8, Lunch 12–1, Dinner 7–8. In my office they used to switch off the lights and everyone simply moved out of the office for food and followed the timings perfectly.
· They don’t drink water after having food.
· They brush their teeth after every meal.
· They walk regularly and use cycles a lot. I have seen my high level managers also using cycles instead of using cars !
· They are really crazy about fitness and health. They go for hiking, climbing, running, cycling and playing.
· The food comprises of high protein content, its usually boiled or raw. Sea food is pretty common.

我去过韩国很多次了，我亲眼看到了这个问题的答案！
· 韩国人对就餐时间非常严格，早餐是7-8，午餐是12-1，晚餐是7-8。在办公室里，他们常常关掉灯，每个人都离开办公室去吃饭，这些都是按照时间来做的。
· 他们饭后不喝水。
· 他们每顿饭后都刷牙。
· 他们经常走路，经常骑自行车。我看到我的高层经理们也骑自行车来代替开车！
· 他们很热衷于健身和健康。他们主张远足、爬山、跑步、骑自行车和游戏。
· 食物富含蛋白质，通常是煮熟或者生吃。海鲜很常见。

Agro Rachmatullah, lived in Japan
Agro Rachmatullah, 住在日本
Because the food culture makes it hard to eat unhealthy food.
We all know that obesity is linked to many fatal health problems such as diabetes, heart attack, and stroke. And how do you get obese? By eating more calories than you need for your daily activities.
For example, I am a 28 year old male with a weight of 58 kg (128 lbs) and I exercise 3 times every week. For my body profile and activity, I need around 2,000 calories daily. If I eat exactly as needed, my weight will stay the same. However if I eat more than that (such as 3,000 cal daily), the extra energy will be stored as fat in my body and I will gradually be overweight.
In this regard some food/drinks are worse than others. For example, if you drink a glass of green tea it has 0 calories. However if you drink a glass of Indonesian sweet tea (which contains sugar), you get 100 calories.

因为他们的饮食文化使人很难吃到不健康的食物。
我们都知道，肥胖与许多致命的健康问题有关，如糖尿病、心脏病和中风。你是怎么变胖的?通过摄入比日常活动所需更多的卡路里导致的。
例如，我是一个28岁的男性，体重58公斤(128磅)，我每周锻炼3次。对于我的身体状况和活动量，我每天需要大约2000卡路里的热量。如果我按照需要吃的话，我的体重会保持不变。然而，如果我吃的比那多(比如每天3000大卡)，额外的能量就会转变为脂肪被储存在我的身体里，我就会逐渐超重。
而且一些食物/饮料相当糟糕。例如，如果你喝一杯绿茶，它就含有0卡路里。然而，如果你喝一杯印尼甜茶(含糖)，你就能得到100卡路里。

Now let's ask a simple question. Do you drink because you want to get fat? No, you drink because you are thirsty. However in Indonesia the default drink in many restaurants is that sweet tea which contains extra calories. Compare that to Japan in which the default drink in my Japanese university cafeteria is the zero-calorie green tea.
In general sugar is bad. Flour which is used to make your bread and pizza is also bad because it is very high in calorie. However if you watch documentaries like Fed Up, you will see that those junk food permeates some countries like the USA. You can get pizza (flour = extra calorie = bad), burger (flour = extra calorie = bad), or french fries (oil = extra calorie = bad) for your school cafeteria lunch. In my Japanese university cafeteria you won't find those things.

现在让我们问一个简单的问题。你喝是因为你想变胖吗?不是的，你喝是因为你口渴。然而，在印度尼西亚，许多餐馆的默认饮品是含有额外热量的甜茶。相比之下，我的日本大学食堂里的默认饮品是零卡路里的绿茶。
一般来说，糖是不好的。用来制作面包和披萨的面粉也很糟糕，因为它的卡路里含量很高。然而，如果你看过纪录片《甜蜜的负担》，你会发现那些垃圾食品充斥着美国等许多国家。你可以在你的学校食堂得到披萨(面粉=额外热量=不好)，汉堡(面粉=额外卡路里=不好)，或薯条(油=额外卡路里=不好)的午餐。在我的日本大学食堂里，你找不到这些东西。

Have you ever heard of sushi which is eaten a lot in Japan? The fish is raw, so it's raw protein. Compare it to Kentucky Fried Chicken. It's chicken (protein = good) plus flour (high calorie, bad) plus oil (high calorie, bad). Try to drink a teaspoon of oil. It'll just make you fat and you will still be hungry. So why use oil at all? I can go to any convenience store in Japan and buy sushi. Where's my sushi at an American convenience store?
Let's go buy some milk. In Japan's supermarket I get milk. The white thing, without additional flavor. In Indonesia, you can find strawberry-flavored milk, chocolate-flavored milk, to banana-flavored milk. Guess what those flavored milk contains. Sugar. Which makes you fat. Do you drink milk to get healthy or to get fat? Well, in Japan you can only buy healthy milk.
In short, by default the food and drinks offered in Japan is more healthy than in other countries like USA (junk food) and Indonesia (put sugar in everything and fry everything). Therefore it is easier to be a healthy person by living in Japan.
(PS: I don't have living experience in South Korea but I'm guessing it's the same case)

你听说过日本人吃很多的寿司吗? 鱼是生的，所以是生的蛋白质。把它和肯德基做比较。肯德基是鸡肉(蛋白质=好的)加面粉(高热量，不好的)加上油(高热量，不好的)。试着喝一茶匙的油。它会让你变胖，而且还无法填饱你的肚子。所以为什么要用油呢? 我可以去日本的任何便利店买到寿司。在美国便利店哪里能找到寿司?
让我们去买些牛奶吧。我能在日本的超市里买到牛奶。这些牛奶中，没有额外的味道。在印度尼西亚，你可以找到草莓味的牛奶，巧克力味的牛奶，香蕉味的牛奶。猜猜这些口味的牛奶含有什么。就是使你变胖的糖。你喝牛奶是为了健康还是为了获得脂肪? 嗯，在日本，你只能买到健康的牛奶。简而言之，默认情况下，日本提供的食品和饮料比美国等其他国家（垃圾食品）更为健康，还有印度尼西亚(所有食物都放糖和油炸)。因此，在日本生活更容易成为一个健康的人。
(PS:我没有在韩国的生活经验，但我猜是一样的情况)

Atlas Hill
i've spent many many years in all 3 countries and these are pretty much the main factors.
1. (with a bullet) diet.  americans generally eat pre-packaged, sugar, chemical and preservative laced "foods" that are quick and easy to make.  japanese and koreans tend to cook their own food using fresh raw ingredients, although corporate food is starting to create a paradigm shift in those countries.  as well, there are endless amount of independent restaurants that serve similarly prepared food.  it's nearly impossible to find a non-chain restaurant in most areas of america outside of cultural hubs like SF and NYC, and when you do it's usually a mom and pop shop that serves incredibly unhealthy food like american breakfasts or things of that nature.
2. activity. in america, almost everyone drives and almost no one walks.  this is monumental for how many calories are not being used by the average citizen.

我在这三个国家都呆了很多年，这些都是主要的因素。
1.)饮食。美国人通常吃预先包装好、含糖、化学物质的和添加防腐剂的“食品”，这些“食品”既快速又很容易制作。尽管食品企业正开始在这些国家创造一种模式，但日本人和韩国人倾向于用新鲜的原料烹饪他们自己的食物。同样，也有不计其数的独立餐厅提供类似的预加工食品。在美国的大部分地区，除了旧金山和纽约这样的文化中心之外，几乎不可能找到一家非连锁餐厅，当你去那里的时候，通常只能找到提供非常不健康食物的流行食品店，比如美式早餐或那种性质的东西。
2运动。在美国，几乎每个人都开车，几乎没人走路。这是普通市民无法消耗卡路里的重要原因。

3. social stigmas. in america, "fat shaming" and political correctness have become a major problem.  it's tolerated less and less to tell people that they are fat, and acceptance has hit a level that could be considered pandemic. korea is one of the most self-aware countries in the world when it comes to one's appearance and being overweight, even slightly is generally frowned upon and in cases completely unacceptable there.  japan follows in a similar vein, although not as intensely.
4. apathy and ignorance.  americans have become apathetic to their weight problems and many are actually ignorant of it, thinking that it's okay or normal.  japanese and koreans are generally neither apathetic nor ignorant to their weight.
5.  genetics.  while ANYONE without a thyroid or rare health condition can keep a natural weight, genetics do play a factor.  asians for example are better able to process rice, genetically.  however, this is a very very small factor, and generally used as an excuse to be overweight by those who would rather not face the music, as almost anyone can maintain a healthy weight in combination of good food and exercise.

3.社会偏见。在美国，“肥胖很丢脸”和政治正确已经成为一个大问题。人们越来越无法接受别人说他们肥胖，容忍一个人的肥胖十分普遍。韩国是世界上最具自我意识的国家之一，当一个人看上去有些肥胖时，即使只是微胖，也会让人皱起眉头，这种情况是完全不可接受的。日本也有类似的情况，尽管没有那么强烈。
4.冷漠和无知。美国人已经对他们的体重问题无动于衷，许多人实际上对它一无所知，认为这是合适的或正常的。日本人和韩国人对自己的体重通常既在乎又清楚。
5.遗传。一般没有甲状腺或罕见健康问题的人都可以保持自然体重，遗传因素确实起了作用。例如，从基因上来说，亚洲人能够更好地消化大米。然而，这是一个非常小的因素，通常被那些不愿面对超重现实的人作为一个借口，因为几乎所有人都可以在良好的饮食和锻炼中保持健康的体重。

David Dragon, Board certified & state licensed mad scientist. Available for private consults.
David Dragon, 经认证和国家授权的疯狂科学家。私人咨询师。
One of the most important factors is their diet.
Red meat was very hard to get in these countries.  However, seafood was very abundant.   They eat a lot of seafood, seaweed (which is also very healthy), and soy products.  Koreans also eat a lot of vegetables with every meal -- and many Korean foods (esp. Kimchi) is fermented -- which is now thought to greatly benefit probotics in stomach.
There was a study done a number of years ago on Japanese who moved to US.  Acc'd to study, many of these US Japanese started eating a lot of American fast food and junk food.   After examining these individuals, they had started developing high-blood pressure, heart issues, and some were over weight.
Study concluded that it was the change in diet that led to US Japanese being less healthy than native Japanese.   Of course, study may have been flawed -- but that was what they concluded.

其中一个最重要的因素是他们的饮食。
在这些国家里，很难买到红肉。然而，海鲜非常丰富。他们吃很多海鲜，海藻(也很健康)，还有豆制品。韩国人每顿饭都吃很多蔬菜——很多韩国食物(特别是泡菜)都是经过发酵的——现在人们认为这有利于胃里的益生菌生长。
几年前有一项关于移居到美国的日本人的研究。为了学习美国人，许多美籍的日本人开始吃很多美国快餐和垃圾食品。在对这些人进行检查后，他们开始出现高血压、心脏问题，还有一些人体重超标。研究认为，正是饮食的改变导致了美籍日本人的健康状况不如日本本土人。当然，研究可能存在缺陷——但这是他们得出的结论。

Dalia Bien
In terms of life expectancy of women, Japan and Korea are high, #1 and #5, respectively, in 2014 (note that for men, San Marino ranked #1). So, what is common between (women in) Japan and Korea?
[1] A relatively healthy diet of fish, tofu, miso, green tea, seaweed, vegetable side dishes (no cream or butter in entrees), usually a variety, home cooked. (The main differences in diet appear to be more spices/pepper, garlic, and beans in Korean food; barley tea in Korea, and increased moderation in Japan).  Perhaps Buddhism (veganism/vegetarianism) may play an influence on diet (at least at temple).
[2] A lot of walking with use of public transport (compared to the U.S.).
[3] Availability, acceptance, and reasonable cost of acupuncture and herbal medicine.
[4] NOT smoking and drinking in excess, unlike their male counterparts. (But what about all of that second hand smoke?)
[5] NOT working in a stressful job environment, unlike their male counterparts.
[6] Genetics - maybe; it only has a 20-30% effect on longevity. Twin studies  suggest genetics accounts for approximately 20 to 30 percent of an individual's chance of surviving to age 85. (Exceptional-longetivity of surpassing 100 has a stronger genetic component based on a famous study of 95-119 year olds).
[Diet cavets. (1) Personal: I don't know about the no-sugar drinking in Korea. My grandmother started me on coca cola as a toddler, as well as that sweet yokul yoguroo drink. (2) Deep frying: And don't let people fool you into thinking that Koreans and Japanese don't deep fry! Korean fried chicken and potstickers/mandu are delicioso and Japanese tempura and tonkatsu are all deep fried, and thus, wonderful!!!!]

就女性的平均寿命而言，日本和韩国在世界的排名是高的，在2014年分别是第一和第五，(注意，就男性来说，圣马利诺排名第一)。那么，日本和韩国(女性)之间有什么共同之处呢?
[1]日本和韩国有相对健康的饮食习惯，包括鱼、豆腐、味噌、绿茶、海草、蔬菜配菜(主菜中不含奶油或黄油)，是整套的，通常在家里烹饪。(饮食中主要的区别似乎是在韩国食物中有更多的香料/胡椒、大蒜和豆类;韩国有大麦茶，在日本也有一定提升)。也许佛教(纯素食/素食主义)可能对饮食产生影响(至少在寺庙里是这样)。
[2] 日本和韩国大量使用公共交通工具出行(与美国相比)。
[3] 针灸和中药的有效性、接受度和合理费用。
[4] 日本和韩国的女性不像她们的男同事，过量的吸烟和饮酒。(但二手烟呢?)
[5] 日本和韩国的女性不像她们的男同事那样，在充满压力的工作环境中工作。
[6] 遗传——可能吧;它只对寿命有20-30%的影响。有关双胞胎寿命研究表明，一个人能活到85岁，基因占了大约20%到30%的影响。(根据一项对95-119岁老人的着名研究表明超过100岁的超长寿老人具有更强的遗传成分)。
[饮食说明。(1)个人: 我不知道韩国的无糖饮料是什么。我的祖母在我刚开始学步的时候就给我喝可口可乐了，还有甜甜的yokul yoguroo酒。(2)油炸:不要让别人误以为韩国人和日本人没有油炸食品！韩国的炸鸡和煎饺/饺子都很美味，日本的天妇罗和炸猪排都是油炸的，所以，太棒了！！]

Aditya Bargotra
The food fads or preferences that are healthier than other cultures
1. Premium on freshness - In other cultures there is likeness for fresh food but other factors take precedence. Many Korean and Japanese dishes are cooked on table itself.
2. Less cooking is good thing - Stir fry and serving food closer to original state. Purees any one? This prevents the high calorie additions like oil, sugar or refined flour and at the same time loss of nutrients.
3. Concept of rich food - This factor when combined with above factors to me seems to be biggest factor. In other cultures rich food means thick, shiny or puréed stuff. So traditionally speaking milk is good but butter is better and clarified butter is even better. Thin soups are ok but thick ones are better. More creamy and melt in mouth is better. More salty or sugary is better.

比其他文化更健康的饮食习惯或偏好。
1. 重视食物的新鲜—在其他文化中，对新鲜食物有相似的重视，但还有其他其他因素需要优先考虑。许多韩国菜和日本料理都是在餐桌上做的。
2.少烹饪是件好事—快炒并保持食物接近原始状态。煮汤? 这样可以防止高热量的增加，如油，糖或精面粉，同时减少营养流失。
3.油腻食物的概念—对我来说当以上因素结合在一起时，这个因素似乎是最大的因素。在其他文化中，油腻的食物意味着厚重的、有光泽的或酱类的东西。传统上来说，牛奶是好的，但是黄油更好，而纯净黄油
更胜一筹。薄汤也行，但浓汤更好。多奶油并且可以在嘴里融化的更好。更咸或更甜的更好。

Jeff Baird, Osteopathic Physician retired
Jeff Baird, 退休的整骨疗法医师
hate to start this way, but the premise itself (these groups are healthy) hasn't been established unless your definition of health includes Korean and Japanese ancestry.  Do they live longer on average than any other country?  Do they have less psych problems, arthritis, high blood pressure?  Japan is still #1 in longevity and South Korea isn't in the top 20 in 2014.  Japanese males rank in the top 2 or 3 of stress for males.  Korean males and Japanese males  both smoke more than US males do.  So while Japan might meet most people's criteria for health, it is a stretch to suggest that Koreans do.

我讨厌以这种方式开始，前提本身（这些群体是健康的）还没有建立起来，除非你对健康的定义包括韩国和日本的祖先。他们的平均寿命比其他国家都长吗? 他们有较少的精神问题，关节炎，高血压吗? 日本的寿命仍然是排名第一，而韩国在2014年还没有进入前20名。日本男性压力排世界男性压力的第二或第三名。韩国男性和日本男性的吸烟量都超过了美国男性。因此，尽管日本可能符合大多数人的健康标准，但认为韩国人也这样则是过度认为了。

Michael Callahan, COPE Certified Health Coach and Weight Management Specialist
Michael Callahan, 通过认证的健康教练和体重管理专家
Health is such a relative term. Research is showing that health is on the decline world-wide. The more countries like Japan and Korea migrate towards a western diet the more impact diet has on the overall health of their cultures. Like many developed and developing countries, both these Asian nations are seeing an increase in processed and 'fast' foods -- high in sugars, fats, salt, and unhealthy additives. The "elders" you mentioned are more old school in their diets. It is the younger generations that are at risk for weight related problems.

健康是相对的。研究表明，世界范围内的健康状况正在下降。像日本和韩国这样的国家越趋向西方的饮食，那饮食对其文化的整体健康的影响就越大。和许多发达国家和发展中国家一样，这两个亚洲国家的加工食品和快餐食品的数量都在增加——高糖，脂肪，盐和不健康的添加剂。你提到的“长寿者”在他们的饮食中是更多的守旧派。年轻的一代面临着与体重相关的问题。

Ithamar Paraguassu Ramos, I had some realatives in Japan
Ithamar Paraguassu Ramos,我有许多亲属在日本
Culture.
They don't eat too much, like in our culture that force kids to eat toxic quantities.
If a child don't want to eat nobody freaks out fearing to be a bad parent, they respect the fact that the child don't need to eat anymore.
People aren't praised to eat unhealthy quantities of food as a reason to have pride.
That is enough to eat healthier.
Also there are a healthier mentality about old people.
Nobody thinks that you are less or inferior for being old.
Also here are no pressure to stay quiet because became older, is okay to make exercises and being functional.
They walk a lot, what is very healthier.

文化。
他们吃的不是很多，就像我们的文化里强迫孩子吃有毒的食物一样。
如果一个孩子不想吃东西，没人会崩溃，害怕变成糟糕的父母，他们会尊重孩子不想再吃的现实。
吃大量不健康食物无法得到称赞，也成不了自豪的理由。
吃得更健康就足够了。
老年人也有一种更健康的心态。
没人认为有比年龄大更糟糕的事情了。
这里也没有因为变老而保持沉默的压力，锻炼既可行也有效。
他们走很多的路，这更健康。

Subra Velu, Try Intermittent Fasting. Next meal is the most enjoyable meal.
Subra Velu, 试着断断续续禁食。下一餐是最令人愉快的一餐。
Read from the Net - pun intended.  French eat fatty cuts of meat, drink wine, speak French and don't have cardiac problem.  Germans eat large rolls of sausage, drink gallons of beer, speak German and live long.  Japanese eat sushi, drink sake, speak Japanese and live 100 years.  Americans, British and Indians eat, drink, speak English and die of heart attacks.  So eat whatever you want for a healthy life but don't speak English :-)

从网上看到的——玩笑话。法国人吃肥肉，喝红酒，讲法语，没有心脏问题。德国人吃大量的香肠，喝许多啤酒，说德语，活得长久。日本人吃寿司，喝清酒，讲日语，活100岁。美国人，英国人和印度人吃，喝，说英语，死于心脏病。所以，无论你想要什么样的健康生活，都随便吃，但不要说英语:-)

MrNobody Brightside, Entrepreneur (2017-present)
MrNobody Brightside, 企业家(2017 -现在)
The answer is Flour, Starch and Sugar, or the three white poisons. Japanese and Korean people eat more rice, beans and vegetables in comapraison to other countries. They don’t eat bread and sugar that much. I’ve been to Korea and I am currently living in Japan, and I can tell you that except noodles, which is not consumed everyday, they don’t use flour for their main cuisine.

答案是面粉、淀粉和糖，或者也可以叫做三种白色毒药。日本人和韩国人和其他国家相比吃更多的米饭、豆类和蔬菜。他们不吃那么多的面包和糖。我去过韩国，我现在住在日本，我可以告诉你，除了不是每天都吃的面条以外，他们不把面粉作为主食。

Of course flour and ,generally speaking, carbs bad effect on our body can be reversed by the use of antioxidants and healthy fats , for exemple in Acciaroli a small town in south Italy people live longer than the average with 300 centenarian out of a population counting 2000 people. Well know to everyone, Italians eat a lot of pasta, but, they use as well a lot of olive oil, tomato and citrus fruits which are rich in antioxidants, reversing by that the unhealthy effects of the carbs on our body.

当然，一般来说，面粉和碳水化合物对我们身体的不良影响可以通过使用抗氧化剂和健康的动植物油来消除，例如，在阿恰罗利一个意大利南部人口超过2000人的小镇上，2000人中有300个人寿命超过百岁，远超平均。每个人都知道，意大利人吃意大利面，但是，他们也吃很多富含抗氧化剂的橄榄油，番茄和柑橘类水果，因此改变了碳水化合物对我们身体的不健康的影响。

Unfortunately the food pyramid or diet pyramid they taught us at school is based on some wrong informations and a big lack of concrete researches. It has been proven lately that fat isn’t as harmful as carbs. If you are more interested about the subject maybe you should read: “What If It's All Been a Big Fat Lie” by Gary Taube.

不幸的是，他们在学校里教给我们的食物金字塔或饮食金字塔是基于一些错误的信息，并且缺乏具体的研究成果。最近有研究表明，脂肪并不像碳水化合物那么有害。如果你对这个主题感兴趣，也许你应该读一下: 加里陶布的“如果这一切都是一个巨大的谎言”。

To conclude with an easy and childish figure, consider human being body as a machine, the more any machine produces, the shorter it’s life gets. The main product of human body is feces. So let’s say that human body is a big poop machine, the more you eat, the more you poo and the more your life gets shorter. Of course not eating at all will make the machine rusty and after a while, depends on how much there is fat reserve inside the machine, the body will stop working forever. So in order to keep your machine maintained for as long as possible, consider eating small, balanced and sufficient amount of food. And don’t forget to drink a lot of water.

简单易懂的总结下，把人的身体看作是机器，机器生产的越多，生命就越短。人体的主要产品是粪便。假设人体是一个大型的排便机器，你吃得越多，你的粪便就越多，你的寿命也就越短。当然，不吃东西过一段时间就会使机器生锈，这取决于机器内部有多少脂肪储备，没了脂肪身体将会永远停止工作。因此，为了让你的机器尽可能长时间地保持，你可以考虑吃少量的、平衡的和足够量的食物。还有别忘了喝大量的水。

W Kasmer, worked at Japan
W Kasmer,在日本工作过
As has been already argued, I don't know if one wants to includes the Koreans in this question as their life expectancy doesn't rank unusually high, especially when compared to the Japanese.
There is some question, though about how you define healthy. A recent modern trend seems to show a higher uptick in mental illness in Japan, as well as young people being less interested in sex (especially males). Part of this is a trend as seeing romantic relationships as 'troublesome' and taking people away from a focus on themselves and things they want to do.
In addition, the suicide rate has dropped slightly recently, though Japan has the leading suicide rate for a developed country as well as one of the highest, if not the highest, rates of suicide for juveniles.
So yes, Japanese do live a long time (the longest in the world right now), but healthily?

正如我们已经讨论过的，我不知道为什么要把韩国人纳入这个问题，因为他们的平均寿命并不高，尤其是与日本人相比。
这里有一些问题，你是如何定义健康的。最近的一种现代趋势似乎表明，日本精神疾病的发病率在上升，而且年轻人(尤其是男性)对性的兴趣也有所下降。把恋爱关系视为“麻烦”，把人们的注意力从他们自己和他们想做的事情上转移开，成为了这种趋势的一部分。
此外，自杀率最近有所下降，然而日本是发达国家自杀率最高的国家，也是青少年自杀率最高的国家之一。
所以，是的，日本人确实活得很长(现在世界上最长的寿命)，但很健康吗?

Dattanand Raykar
Korean traditional food is healthy although contemporary Koreans eat lot of junk food but otherwise their overall food intake is healthy. food is less processed and closer to what nature has offered you, I don't agree about the elders being so free from problems,but they do have longer than average lifespan, their genes help in this case, you may know the British women also live longer than the most, they eat all the junk and drink lots of alcohol, its in the genes sometimes so that's one of the reasons.

韩国传统食物是健康的，尽管现代韩国人吃很多垃圾食品，但他们的总体食物摄入量是健康的。食物的加工更少，更接近大自然，我不同意老人们不受问题的困扰，但是他们的寿命比平均寿命更长，在这种情况下，他们的基因起了作用，你可能知道英国女性的寿命也比大多数人长，她们吃垃圾食物还嗜酒, 这有时是基因的关系，这是其中的一个原因。

Give Up
as someone who now lives in korea and had lived in america for decades before that, i am well versed in this topic.  the first thing is simply enough, the food.  on a daily basis most koreans eat quite healthy foods.  foods that are cooked with basic ingredients that contain a lot of vegetables.  this is generally offset by the large amount of sodium and alcohol they ingest, but that's a different topic altogether.

作为一个现在住在韩国并且在那之前已经在美国生活了几十年的人，我对这个话题很熟悉。首先很简单的是食物。在日常生活中，大多数韩国人都吃相当健康的食物。用含有大量蔬菜的基本原料烹饪的食物。这通常被他们大量摄入的钠和酒精所阻碍，但这是一个完全不同的话题。

the second thing is that korea is pretty no-nonsense when it comes to body image.  they don't coddle people for being overweight like americans tends to these days, and they will downright let people know that it's not okay to be fat.  the emphasis that korean people put on each other to look good not only in terms of weight but even in terms of clothing and accessories is one of the highest i've encountered in my travels around the world (though it's no milan).  these things combined with the other things people have mentioned (walking and caring about exercise, etc) are the main reason they are generally physically healthy.  mental health is another issue, but that's a whole separate can of worms.

第二件事是，在体型方面，韩国是相当严肃的。不会像现在的美国人那样偏爱超重的人，韩国人会让人们知道，肥胖是不好的。韩国人对彼此的重视不仅在体重方面，甚至在服装和配饰方面都是如此，这是我在世界各地旅行中遇到的最讲究的地方之一(尽管它不是米兰)。此外人们提到的其他事情(走路和注重运动等)也是他们身体健康的主要原因。心理健康是另一个问题，但这是一个完全不同的问题。

Ruth Hussein McCreery, Live in Yokohama
Ruth Hussein McCreery, 住在日本横滨
In addition to the points others have raised, I would add universal health care, at least in Japan. Good pre- and postnatal care, childhood vaccinations, free (or nearly so) health exams for older folk, and very affordable treatment  reinforce the benefits of a basically good diet, lots of walking, and ongoing social activity. High calorie fast foods are, however, taking their toll, with obesity rates rising.

除了其他人提出的观点，我还将增加全民医疗保健这一项，至少在日本是这样。良好的产前和产后护理，儿童疫苗接种，免费(或几乎是)针对老年人的健康检查，以及可以负担得起的治疗费用，加强基本的良好的饮食习惯，大量步行和持续的社会活动。然而，高热量的快餐正在对人们造成威胁，肥胖率也在上升。

Emi Lee, Japanese- first language Went to school and lived in japan for 4 years
Emi Lee,日语—母语，在日本上学和生活了四年
hm... It might be their healthy and almost ritual tea drinking. My Korean and Japanese parents and grandparents also eat a lot of vegetables and specifically kimchi and bokumbak. Also traditional meals are composed of vegetables and low fat meats and yes, they drink alcohol but its normally warm rice wine which has many health benefits. Also my Korean grandmother eats ginseng....

嗯…. 这可能是他们健康的、几乎是习惯性的饮茶造成的。我韩国和日本的父母和祖父母都吃很多蔬菜，特别是泡菜和bokumbak（一种食物）。此外，传统的饮食包括蔬菜和低脂肪肉类，是的，他们喝的是酒，但通常是温和的米酒，对健康有益。还有我的韩国奶奶吃高丽参。

Tara O'Gorman, Teacher at South Korea
Tara O'Gorman,韩国教师
Nowadays, this is less and less true. While the traditional diet kept obesity and other health problems at bay, both the Western diet and packaged foods have come full-fledged into the mainstream. Convenience stores are two to a block here, and the consumption of fast snacks is exacerbated by long work-hours and the lack of time to cook. Every time I return to Korea I see an increase in overweight people, and, although I haven’t seen obesity yet, I am expecting it.

如今，这种情况越来越少了。虽然传统的饮食控制着肥胖和其他健康问题，但西方饮食和包装食品都已成为主流。这里的便利店有两个街区，而由于长时间的工作时间和没时间做饭，吃快餐的人也在变多。每次我回到韩国，我都会看到超重人群在增加，尽管我还没有看到肥胖者，但我预料得到。

Arthur Daret, former Registered Investment Advisor (1999-2010)
Arthur Daret, 前注册投资顾问(1999-2010)
I visited Japan in 1993 and noticed that there seemed to be a lack of outdoor seating (benches). Coupled with walking long distances, standing on the subway trains, and the healthy foods that were available made it easy to lose weight and do more than enough walking every day.

我在1993年去过日本，注意到那里似乎少有户外座椅(长椅)。再加上长距离的步行，依靠地铁出行，还有健康的食物这些会让你很容易减肥，而且每天步行的时间也很多。

Anonymous
匿名
I am Korean-American and am always trying to eat healthy. I actually find most Korean food salty and therefore, unhealthy. I think what makes it healthy is because a large portion of food is slow-cook, meaning it takes some time to cook, as opposed to processed fastfood.

我是韩裔美国人，一直在尝试吃健康的食品。事实上，我发现大多数韩国食物都很咸，所以很不不健康。我认为使其健康的原因是大部分食物都是慢煮的，这意味着它需要一些时间来烹饪，而不是加工的快餐。

Leo Martin, Director at PricewaterhouseCoopers
Leo Martin, 普华永道会计师事务所主任
First, many non-SAD diet (Standard American Diet) are just better because SADs are so bad for you. Flour, sugar, rice, grain-based food, flour-based food, fried food, garbage food, junk food, manufactured food, etc.

首先，许多非标准美国饮食更好，因为标准美国食物太糟糕了。例如面粉、糖、大米、谷物、面食、油炸食品、垃圾食品、无营养速食、人造食品等。

Anh Cuong, 2 years eating organic food
Anh Cuong,食用有机食品2年了
They eat and using healthy food. Their food is organic, and didn't got any chemistry in their.
Look around of your food! - Mc Donal use ton of Canxi Cacbonat to protect or make the food life longer, Potato Slide use it too. These poison accumulate in your body and make you got more aging.
And in Japanese or South Korean or Chinese or VietNamese, they eat more vegetable, fresh food like: fish, crab, tako for their meal, and then they didn't make these poison keep their body.
Organic Food, try this keyword in your life - Cheaper and Healthier!

他们吃健康的食物。这些食物是有机的，不含任何化学成分。
看看你们的食物！麦当劳用大量的Canxi Cacbonat（一种食品添加剂）来保护或延长食物的保质期，薯片也这样。这些毒素会积聚在你的身体里，让你更快老化。
在日本，韩国，中国或越南，他们吃更多的蔬菜，新鲜的食物，比如: 鱼，蟹，章鱼，他们没有让这些毒素保留在他们的身体里。
有机食品，在你的生活中尝尝看这种东西——更便宜，更健康！

Solomon Dixon
Being unhealthy is considered weak.  In the US people wear sickness as a badge of honer

不健康被认为是软弱的。在美国，人们把疾病当作一种荣誉勋章