科隆事件近一年后，难民难以融入德国社会 [美国媒体]

Almost one year after the Cologne attacks, Germany still struggles with refugee integration

科隆袭击近一年后，难民依旧难以融入德国社会

1,200 complaints were made to police, 500 of which were for sexual assault, on New Year’s Eve in Cologne last year

【日期】2016年12月18日



It’s been nearly a year since Cologne’s now infamous New Year’s Eve, when a wave of sexual assaults by migrant men horrified Germany.

月穷岁尽，新年来临。臭名昭着的科隆集体性侵案也已案发近一年。去年的元旦前夜，难民导致的一场大规模性侵案曾让德意志举国震惊。

But standing in the shadow of the west German city’s imposing cathedral, on the same square where the attacks happened, students Sarah and Laura say the aftershocks are still being felt.
“Since then, all refugees are viewed with suspicion. That’s too bad, but that’s how it is,” said 25-year-old Sarah, bundled up against the winter chill with a thick woolly scarf.

西部重镇科隆，学生Sarah和Laura站在事发广场上说她们至今仍心有余悸。冬日里巍巍教堂的阴影之下，25岁的Sarah用围巾把自己裹得严严实实：“自此所有难民都被视作嫌犯。很糟糕吧，但是确实已经到这个地步了。”

Her friend Laura, 20, nods and says the events had shaken her own sense of safety. “It happened and you can’t forget that. There’s a lot morehatred against foreigners now.”

朋友Laura在一旁点头，她说那件事情动摇了她的安全感。“事件发生了，过去了，但是阴影留下了。现在仇外情绪严重多了。”

The assaults, which made global headlines, triggered a backlash against Chancellor Angela Merkel’s open-door refugee policy and heightened concerns about how to integrate a record number of mostly Muslim newcomers into German society.

那次性侵案登上全球头条，在德国国内引起了民意对默克尔难民政策的反弹，创纪录的大量引进穆斯林难民后，如何让他们融入当地社会也成为关注焦点。



Cologne
As the country readies for a general election in 2017, the shadow of Cologne looms large, with the ruling parties toughening their stance on migration.

德国2017年即将大选，而执政党在移民问题上立场坚定，于是科隆事件的负面影响凸显出来。

Hundreds of women that night described running a gauntlet of theft, groping and lewd insults in a crush of mainly Arab and north African men. Other German cities reported similar incidents during their end of year festivities.

据说那晚受害女性有几百人，她们被一大群阿拉伯北非男人围着，忍受着各种偷窃揩油猥亵。当晚其他城市也报道有类似案件。

Cologne police reports later revealed that of some 1,200 complaints filed about the incidents, over 500 were for sexual assault. Most of the perpetrators were never caught.

科隆警方后来披露相关事件报案达1200起，其中超过500都是性侵案件。而大多肇事者逍遥法外。

Blanket punishment
For Merkel, who had won praise for opening Germany’s borders to those fleeing conflict and persecution, it was a nightmare start to the year.

开放难民政策曾为默克尔赢得美誉，但从年头开始，就成了她的梦魇

Her popularity plummeted as the anxiety that had been bubbling about the refugee influx burst into the open, leading to angry protests and a surge in support for the anti-Islam, anti-migrant AfD party.

难民潮让德国恐慌情绪蔓延，愤怒的抗议者走上街头，反伊斯兰反移民的AFD党支持者暴增，默克尔的支持率应声落地。

“The events on New Year’s Eve did not lead to a paradigm shift on their own, but they accelerated a trend that was already happening,” said Claus-Ulrich Proelss, director of the Cologne Refugee Council aid group.

科隆难民委员会援助小组主任认为，科隆事件本身没有导致思想的转变，但它加速了某种趋势。

“The mood changed completely,” added Syrian Sakher al-Mohamad, 27, who set up a campaign called Syrians Against Sexism after the assaults “to show solidarity with German women”.

27岁的叙利亚人Sakher al-Mohamad在性侵事件后组织叙利亚反性别歧视运动，坚定的站在德国女性的一边，他说现在社会氛围完全变了。

Under fire, Merkel moved to toughen asylum laws, vowing to speed up deportations and tighten rules for family reunification.

众怒之下，默克尔终于要收紧政治庇护法，她承诺加快遣返行动并严控家庭团聚移民。



“The political reflex was a blanket punishment for refugees and asylum seekers,” said Proelss.

Proelss认为这种一刀切的应对政策无差别阻拦了难民和政治庇护寻求者。

The public mood in Germany turned darker over the summer, after an axe attack on a train and a suicide bombing at a music festival left 15 people injured.

夏天的火车砍人事件和音乐节自杀式爆炸伤15人事件之后，整个德国社会氛围更加凝滞。

Though not on the scale of the terror attacks that have struck France and Belgium, both were carried out by asylum seekers and claimed by the Islamic State group.

虽然规模上不如法国和比利时的恐袭案，但是一样是由难民执行，事后都是IS站出来声称对此事负责。

Voters punished Merkel by handing her conservative party a series of defeats in regional elections, whereas the populist AfD gained ground.

选民用选票表态，默克尔的保守党派在地方选举中接连败北，民粹AFD党抬头。

The once untouchable chancellor admitted in September she wished she could “turn back time” to better prepare for the refugee crisis, and promised there would be no repeat of the unprecedented influx.

曾经不可一世的总理终于在九月承认“很希望时光倒流”，可以为难民危机做足准备，保证以后不会重蹈覆辙。

“Yes, you should help refugees. But enough is enough,” said a 35-year-old Cologne resident as she took a cigarette break a stone’s throw from the Dom cathedral.

“是是是，帮助难民是应该的，但是万事有度请适可而止”35岁的科隆人抽着香烟说

“German culture is slowly disappearing,” the mother-of-two said, declining to give her name.

“德国文化正在慢慢消失”这位居民拒绝告诉我们她的姓名，她有两个孩子。

‘We are really worried’
Yet for every group of protesters holding up a “Rapefugees not welcome” banner, others have volunteered to help refugees or have made donations.

有人扛着难民强奸犯滚粗的横幅游行，另一些人则自愿去帮助难民，或者捐款资助。

German schools have accommodated huge numbers of refugee pupils, while the government has set up initiatives to encourage firms to hire refugees.

德国学校已经收容了大量的难民学生，而政府采取很多鼓励措施促进难民就业.。



And despite being politically weakened over the refugee crisis, Merkel is tipped to easily win a fourth term next year.

虽然难民危机削弱了默克尔的政治声望，然而她想实现四连任并是不难事。

In part, that’s because there are no real contenders to challenge Europe’s most powerful woman. But her approval ratings have also been bolstered by a slowdown in new arrivals.

因为能挑战这位欧洲第一女强人的劲敌还没出现，另一方面移民放缓也为她争取了支持率。

Some 300,000 migrants and refugees are estimated to have arrived in Germany this year, compared to 890,000 in 2015, largely thanks to a deal with Turkey and a series of border closures on the Balkan route.

去年移民有89万，今年由于土耳其同意移民接纳协议，另外巴尔干半岛国家纷纷边境关闭，新增移民只有30万。

But the arrest this month of an Afghan teen suspected of the rape and murder of a German student sparked fresh vitriol, with the AfD blaming the crime on the “uncontrolled” influx of young Muslim men.

然而本月阿富汗少年奸杀德国女学生被逮捕后，矛盾再次尖锐，AFD归责于穆斯林年轻男性涌入德国情况失控。

Looking ahead to 2017, the Cologne Refugee Council’s Proelss said he was bracing for a campaign he fears will further whip up anti-migrant sentiment.“I expect the tone will harden in the run-up to the vote,” he said, ”We are really worried.”

展望2017，Proelss说他正准备参加一项运动，但是担心会进一步激起反移民情绪：“预计随着大选推进，政策会越来越强硬，我们真的很担心。”

Sakher, the Syrian living in Cologne, said for the refugees themselves, the priority in the coming year would be to “work hard, learn the language and find a job”.

叙利亚人Sakher现在住科隆，他觉得对已经在德国的难民而言，明年的头等大事就是努力工作，学习语言，找个工作。

“But integration has to come from two sides,” he added.
German society has to deal with the refugees that are here now. They are part of real life in Germany

“但是吧，融合也是得双方使力，德国社会也要接纳已经进来了的难民，毕竟他们已经是这里的一份子了。”