【CNN】对朝鲜的制裁正在影响这个中国城市 [美国媒体]

Empty shops. Failing businesses. And boredNorth Korean officials drinking their days away.

空空无人的商店，衰败的商业，无所事事朝鲜官员正在喝酒。

These are the stories being told on thestreets of Dandong -- a gritty, frozen city on the banks of the Yalu River,which separates China and North Korea.

这些事发生在丹东的街道上，丹东是分隔中国和朝鲜的鸭绿江边一个沿岸的冰封城市。

For decades, Dandong has been a key tradinghub that helped the North Korean regime cash in on China's spectacular economicrise. But now it's suffering as President Trump, alarmed by the rapiddevelopment of Kim Jong Un's nuclear weapons program, presses Chinese PresidentXi Jinping to squeeze North Korea's sources of revenue.

几十年来，丹东一直是帮助朝鲜政权在中国经济崛起情形下赚取现金的重要贸易枢纽。但是现在，特朗普总统为金正恩核武器计划的迅速发展感到震惊，他迫使中国挤压朝鲜的收入来源。

Conversations last week with traders, storeowners and Dandong residents with ties to North Korea painted a picture of alocal economy showing signs of severe stress. Most of the people who talked toCNN suggested the most recent U.N. sanctions against North Korea could deal adevastating blow to an already struggling region.

上周，在与贸易商、店主和与朝鲜关系密切的丹东居民的交谈中，描绘出当地经济面临严重压力的情形。与CNN谈话的大多数人认为，最近联合国对朝鲜的制裁可能给已经陷入困境的地区造成毁灭性的打击。

None were willing to speak on the recordfor fear of reprisal. Speaking to foreign news organizations about thesensitive China-North Korea relationship in general -- and the impact of recentsanctions in particular -- can bring repercussions, economic and otherwise,from Chinese government officials.

由于害怕报复，没有人愿意发言被记录。向外国的新闻机构透露一些敏感的中朝关系，特别是最近制裁的影响，会给中国政府官员带来经济和其他方面的影响。

It's all about the sanctions

关于制裁的一切

We spoke with Mr. Liao, a chain-smokingDandong businessman, near the river. He requested that CNN not use his realname.

我们在河边和一位一直抽烟的丹东商人廖先生交谈。他要求CNN不要使用他的真名。

"In the beginning, I was importingcoal from North Korea," he said, through a haze of smoke. "But thenChina banned coal imports last year."

“一开始我是从朝鲜进口煤炭的，”他透过烟雾说。 但是中国去年不允许（从朝鲜）进口煤炭了。“

In early September, China said it stoppedprocessing North Korean coal shipments in order to implement sanctions passedby the U.N. Security Council in August.

9月初，中国表示停止处理朝鲜煤炭运输，以实施8月份联合国安理会通过的制裁。

Liao's attempts to shift his business intoother commodities quickly failed.

廖试图将自己的业务转移到其他商品上的尝试很快失败了。

"Mineral products, seafood,agricultural products -- basically all imports have been banned," he said."I told myself, I'm toast."

他说：“矿产品，海鲜，农产品 – 基本上所有的进口都被禁止了，我告诉我自己，我没有任何选择”。

Liao's list includes several key revenuesources for North Korea that were targeted by three different rounds ofsanctions in 2017. On top of bans on goods, restrictions were also placed oneverything from North Korean laborers working overseas to joint ventures withNorth Korean companies.

廖的名单包括了2017年被实施了三轮不同制裁的朝鲜的几个主要收入来源。
除了禁止货物交易，中国还限制了到国外工作的朝鲜劳工和与朝鲜公司成立合资公司。

The cumulative effect in Dandong has beendramatic and swift, according to several business owners who spoke to CNN.

据与CNN谈话的几位生意老板说，丹东的累积效应是戏剧性和迅速的。

"I'm in a state of forcedretirement," said one woman who has been trading with North Korea for overa decade. "I may have to let my employees go soon."

一位与北韩交易十多年的女士说：“我处于被迫退休的状态。 “我可能不得不让我的员工尽快离开。”

A previously bustling row of storescatering to North Korean buyers was almost deserted over a period of severaldays last week. That's a stark change from what CNN has observed there duringseveral trips to Dandong over the past two years.

上周，一家以前热闹无比的为朝鲜买家提供餐饮的商店在过去几天里几乎空无一人。这是CNN在过去两年里来丹东旅行期间观察到的明显的变化。

The area is known as "KoryoStreet," a nickname referencing a dynasty that ruled the Korean peninsulain the Middle Ages. Not long ago, the street was filled with North Koreanbuyers, eager to sell back home.

该地方被称为“高丽街”，这是一个统治朝鲜半岛王朝的绰号。不久前，街上还满是朝鲜买家和急于卖完东西回家的商人。

"The North Koreans havedisappeared," said one shop owner on the block.

一位还开着店的店主说：“朝鲜人都不见了。”

 

One resident in close contact with NorthKorean commercial diplomats told CNN that they are now at a loose end becausemany of the business interests they represent have been forced to return home.

一位与朝鲜商业外交官员保持密切联系的居民告诉CNN，由于他们所代表的许多商业利益已经被迫返回，所以他们现在处于一个松散的境地。

"They spend almost their entire daysin a restaurant, playing cards and eating and drinking," she said."There's not much for them to do."

她说：“他们几乎整天呆在一家餐馆里，打打牌，吃吃喝喝。他们没有太多事情需要做。”

From slack to strict

从松懈到严格

China is North Korea's dominant tradingpartner. It has long been criticized by the U.S. and other governments for notstrictly enforcing sanctions against the regime in Pyongyang.

中国是朝鲜主要的贸易伙伴。美国和其他政府长期以来一直批评其没有严格执行对朝鲜的制裁。

The widely held explanation is thatCommunist China values North Korea as a strategic buffer against a robust U.S.military presence in South Korea and Japan. Officials fear cutting off economicties that could destabilize the North Korean regime.

众所周知，中国共产党把朝鲜视为美国在韩国和日本地区强大军事存在的战略缓冲区。中国官员担心切断经济联系可能破坏朝鲜政权的稳定。

A collapse could lead to a refugee crisison China's border -- and even a unified Korea under a pro-U.S. South Koreangovernment.

朝鲜崩溃可能导致中国边境出现难民危机，甚至产生一个统一的亲美的韩国政府。

But China has grown angry of late withKim's persistent testing of nuclear bombs and ballistic missiles. Beijing nowsees North Korea's nuclear weapons program as the greatest threat to stabilityin the region and a risk to the safety and health of Chinese citizens in theregion near the two countries' border.

但是，中国最近对金正恩的核弹和弹道导弹的连续测试感到愤怒。北京现在认为，朝鲜的核武器计划是该地区稳定和在两国边界附近地区的中国公民的安全和健康的最大威胁。

"The U.N. has been sanctioning NorthKorea forever, but China had never really enforced them," said Mr. Liao."But this time, China is taking it seriously."

廖先生说：“联合国一直在制裁朝鲜，但中国从来没有真正执行这些。但这一次，中国正在认真对待这个问题。

His comments echo earlier remarks fromChinese leaders. Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in August that "China morethan anyone will pay a price" for implementing the sanctions.

他赞同中国领导人之前的一个说法。 8月份外交部部长王毅在谈到实施制裁时表示“中国比任何国家都要付出更多的损失”。

 

Trade in goods between China and NorthKorea was down more than 50% in December from a year earlier, according toofficial Chinese data. The trend is likely to continue this year.

中国官方数据显示，12月份中国和朝鲜之间的货物贸易量比去年同期下降了50％以上。今年这个趋势可能会持续下去。

The sharp decline reflects deadlines set bythe U.N. for countries to begin enforcing sanctions. But there are big questionmarks over the reliability of the Chinese data.

大幅下滑的数据反映了联合国为各国开始实施制裁所设定的最后期限。但是中国数据的可靠性有很大的问题。

China abruptly stopped reporting how muchcrude oil it sells to North Korea several years ago even though the fuel iswidely known to still be flowing through a pipeline across the border.

中国几年前突然停止报告向朝鲜出售多少原油，众所周知，这种燃料仍然在边界的管道中运输。

Some businesses still dodging sanctions

一些企业仍在躲避制裁

Critics, including Trump, argue that Chinacould still be doing more to squeeze North Korea's economy.

包括特朗普在内的批评者认为，中国还可以为挤压朝鲜经济做更多的事情。

For example, China has yet to fully crackdown on the widespread smuggling operations along its porous 880-mile borderwith North Korea. The North Korean regime is believed to profit from theactivities.

例如，中国还没有全面打击在朝鲜880公里边界的大规模走私活动。据消息朝鲜政权在这些活动中获利。

In September, CNN witnessed illegal NorthKorean seafood being sold openly on streets in the city of Hunchun, anothertown close to the border.

9月份，CNN见到了在另一个靠近边界的城市珲春市的街头，公开贩卖禁止的朝鲜海鲜。

And in Dandong, there are still businessestargeted by the sanctions that are trying to stay open.

而在丹东，还有一些针对制裁的企业试图保持开放。

One popular category of joint Chinese-NorthKorean business ventures was restaurants, largely staffed by North Koreanworkers.

中国和朝鲜的商业合资企业中有一个受欢迎的类别是餐馆，里面主要是朝鲜工人。

Estimates vary, but most experts agree thatthe restaurants generated, at a minimum, tens of millions of dollars for theNorth Korean regime each year.

估计有所差别，但大多数专家认为，这些餐馆每年至少为朝鲜政权产生数千万美元。

Most of the ones in Dandong appear to haveshuttered after the latest sanctions went into effect. But at least one NorthKorean-linked restaurant remains open.

在最近的制裁生效后，丹东大部分地区似乎已经关闭了。但至少还有一家朝鲜连锁餐厅在营业。

One customer who was inside told CNN thathe was told he could only pay in cash. Chinese banks had dropped clients withNorth Korean ties, he was told, and credit card transactions could be traced bythe government.

一位内部客户告诉CNN，他被告知只能用现金支付。中国的银行已经放弃了与朝鲜的合作关系，他被告知，信用卡交易会被政府追查。

Even if Chinese authorities crack down evenharder on trade with North Korea, experts say it's far from guaranteed that itwill compel the regime in Pyongyang to give up on its nuclear program. Andwhile sanctions could take years to really make Kim and his top officialssweat, North Korea's weapons technology is leaping ahead at a far quicker pace.

专家们说，即使中国当局更严厉地打击与朝鲜的贸易，也还远远不能保证其将迫使平壤政权放弃其核武器计划。虽然制裁可能需要数年时间才能真正使金正恩和他的高级官员们感到焦虑，但朝鲜的武器技术正以更快的速度向前发展。

A region in crisis

这个陷入危机的地区

For Dandong, though, the waves of sanctionscould not have come at a worse time.

然而，对于丹东而言，制​​裁的浪潮不可能出现在比现在更糟的时候。


The entire region of northeastern China,including Liaoning province where Dandong lies, is in the midst of a painfulperiod of transition.

包括丹东和辽宁省在内的整个东北地区正处在一个痛苦的转型期。

Heavy industries like steel have taken ahit in recent years. Bloated state-owned companies are laden with debt andburdened by overcapacity. The Chinese government is laying off hundreds ofthousands of industrial workers.

钢铁等重工业近年来受到重创。臃肿的国有企业负债累累，产能过剩。中国政府正在裁减数十万工业工人。

Dandong hasn't been spared. Despite itsreputation as a trading hub, manufacturing is still one of the city's largestindustries. Dandong's economy shrank 2.2% in 2016, the latest year for whichrelevant economic data was available.

丹东没能幸免，尽管其制造业仍然是该市最大的行业之一和有贸易中心的声誉。丹东经济在2016年收缩了2.2％，这是最新的有关经济数据。

Instead of helping prop up the strugglingregion, trade across the North Korean border is now dragging it down further.

现在，朝鲜边境的贸易正在一步步拖垮，而不是帮助这个挣扎的地区。

Dandong's links to North Korea have broughtit other headaches. One of the local lenders, Bank of Dandong, was singled outfor U.S. financial sanctions last year.

And in another sign of stress, the companythat runs the city's port defaulted on its debt late last year.

丹东与朝鲜的联系给它带来了其他的麻烦。去年，丹东的一家银行被单独列为美国的金融制裁对象。


 
What happens next?

接下来会怎样？

Seven local businesspeople who spoke to CNNhad varying opinions on what's in store for the rest of this year. Some, likeLiao, were pessimistic.

与CNN交谈的七位当地商人对今年剩下的时间有什么不同的看法。有些人，比如廖，是悲观的。

"There is nothing to do anymore,"he said. "My company probably won't last long, either."

他说：“没有什么可以做的了。 “我的公司可能也不会持续太久。”

Others said they were hoping that thesituation might improve as a result of the recent talks between North and SouthKorea and the potential goodwill from the upcoming Winter Olympics in theSouth.

另一些人则表示，他们希望南北韩最近的会谈和即将到来的南方冬季奥运的潜在好感可能会改善这种状况。

Experts say that China has in the pastenforced sanctions for a period of time, in order to send a message to theNorth Korean regime, and then slackened off.

专家说，中国过去曾经实行过一段时间的制裁，为的是给朝鲜政权发出警告，然后就放松了下来。

The Dandong resident with ties to NorthKorean diplomats said this crisis is more serious than anything she's ever seenbefore. But she's taking a wait and see approach.

与朝鲜外交官有联系的丹东居民表示，这次危机比以往任何时候都严重得多。但她现在采取观望的态度

"Perhaps things will return to anormal state if the talks between the Koreas go well," she said.

她说：“如果朝鲜和韩国之间的谈判进展顺利的话，情况可能会恢复到正常的状态。”

There was uniform response, though, whenCNN tried to ask each resident in the Koryo Street neighborhood about theinternational politics behind their current woes. Who is most responsible, forinstance? Trump, Kim or Xi?

然而，当CNN试图问高丽街附近的每个居民关于当前困境背后的国际政治时，比如谁最应该为此负责任？是特朗普、是金还是中国？

No one would go there.

统一的回答就是没人回答

"I want to say ..." one man beganbefore he was cut off by his wife.

“我想说......”一个人在他被妻子打断回答之前说。

"You crazy?" she snapped."There's nothing to say."

“你疯了？”她厉声地说道。 “没啥可说的。”