越南语还继续从中文借取词汇吗？ [美国媒体]

Does the Vietnamese language continue to borrow words from Chinese?

越南语还继续从中文借取词汇吗？




ThienLuan Le, lives in Vietnam (1991-present)
Answered 15h ago · Upvoted by Logan R. Kearsley, MA in Linguistics from BYU, 8 years working in research for language pedagogy.
Yes. Today, Vietnamese language still continues to borrow words from Chinese. This phenomenon is the most significantly seen in the Chinese novels that translated into Vietnamese. The Vietnamese translators tend to use the original titles and original phrases for their translations of those novels instead of literally translating them into Vietnamese, due to the advantage of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations. Here are some well-known novels written by Kim Dung /金庸 in Vietnam.
?倚天屠龙记- ? Thiên ?? Long Ky ( The Chronicle of Heaven Sword For Killing Dragon — My clumsy translation) known as The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber in English.
? 天龙八部- Thiên Long Bát B? (The eighth sets of Heaven dragons- My clumsy translation) known as Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils in English.
?笑傲江湖- Ti?u Ng?o Giang H?. (The Outlaw Rover’s Proud Smile — My clumsy translation) known as The Smiling, Proud Wanderer in English.
?鹿鼎记- L?c ??nh Ky (The chronicle of Deer mountain- My clumsy translation) known asThe Deer and the Cauldron in English
Some badass fighting skills from those novels:
? L?ng Ba Vi B? -凌波微步 (to step by riding wave — My clumsy translation).
? ?? C?u B?ng Pháp-打狗棒法 (The method to hit dogs by stick- My clumsy translation)
? H?p Tinh ??i Pháp-吸精大法 (the great method of absorbing esscence- My clumsy translation ).
Well! For some mysterious reason, “H?p Tinh ??i Pháp" now has become a humorous phrase for talking about sex in Vietnamese. I don't know if it happens in Chinese, too. But it totally makes sense for using “absorbing esscence” to talk about sex, in my humble understanding. Well! The meaning would be even more clear if we use “juice" instead of “esscence”.

是的，直到如今，越南语还在继续吸收中文词汇。这种现象最常见于被翻译成越南文的中文小说。因为中文-越语发音上的优势，越南译者在翻译这些小说时会直接使用原来的标题和词组，而不是一字一句的翻译成越南语。以下是在越南比较出名的金庸小说：
?倚天屠龙记- ? Thiên ?? Long Ky
? 天龙八部- Thiên Long Bát B?
?笑傲江湖- Ti?u Ng?o Giang H?.
?鹿鼎记- L?c ??nh Ky
这些小说中的一些招式：
? L?ng Ba Vi B? -凌波微步
? ?? C?u B?ng Pháp-打狗棒法
? H?p Tinh ??i Pháp-吸精大法
不知出于何种原因，H?p Tinh ??i Pháp现在成为了越南语中谈论性爱的幽默词汇了。我不知道中文里是不是也这样。但是我觉得用“吸精”来谈论性爱是非常有道理的。但是如果我们用“汁液”而不是“精华”来形容的话意思会更加清晰。

Kris Ng, studied Electrical Engineering Technology at Coltech
Answered Jun 7
Besides wasei-kango words brought to Vietnam in 19 century, we DO reused OUR Sino-making words that doesn’t exist in any other sinosphere countries. Basically when 文言 chinese that we call ch? nho used to be our offical language for document and education, sinosphere shared things in common we don’t even need to borrow something, we don’t even feel that’s loan words because it’s huge consisting of 60% to a normal conversation. it’s very obvious part of the languages, when translate chinese name (korean and japanese sometimes) we tend to use Hantu instead of spelling transliteration. The same thing’s about japanese and korean. That’s the point.
Further more nowadays vnese people especially young girls are likely to be very into mandarin chinese fiction/love story novel . So in Vietnam there is a second wave for adapting of the han-viet, from mainland china via the books such as 耽美-?am m?, 虐心-Ng??c tam, 小三-Ti?u tam, 狗血-C?u huy?t, etc. They do use these words outsides the books.

除了19世纪带到越南的日制汉语（和制汉语）外，我们确实使用了自己所制造的、其他汉子文化圈国家所没有的汉语词汇。基本上而言，当文言（我们称之为ch? nho）在以前成为我们的官方记录和教育语言时，汉字文化圈用的都是同样的语言，我们甚至不需要借取，我们甚至不觉得那是借来的语言，因为它包含了日常交流用词的60%。它是非常显而易见的语言部分，在翻译中文语言（有时候是韩国和日本语言）时，我们一般用Hantu，而不是音译。对待日语和韩语也是如此。此外，如今的越南人，尤其是年轻女孩非常喜欢中文的小说和爱情故事。所以在越南又产生了第二波采用汉越音的潮流，比如耽美是?am m?, 虐心-Ng??c tam, 小三-Ti?u tam, 狗血-C?u huy?t等等。他们确实在书本之外使用这些词汇。

David Minger, BA, MA Linguistics, PhD Education, love science
Answered Jun 7
I am not sure about today, but it would not be surprising, since Vietnam falls within what is called the Sinosphere or East Asian cultural sphere - Wikipedia.
Vietnamese includes many Chinese loan words due to China having ruled over Vietnam for some 1,000 years (Chinese domination of Vietnam - Wikipedia).
As a result of that domination, about a third of Vietnamese words come from Chinese, and Chinese loan words in Vietnamese account for close to two thirds of words used in formal texts written in Vietnamese (Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary - Wikipedia).

不知道现在还是不是这样，是的话也不奇怪，因为越南就位于所谓的汉字文化圈或者东亚文化圈之内。
越南语里有很多从中文借来的词汇，因为中国过去统治了越南1000年左右。所以，大约三分之一的越南语词汇都来自中文，而越南语中的中文词汇占据大约三分之二的越南书面语。
这是是

Th? Nguy?n, studied at The University of Medicine and Pharmacy At Ho Chi Minh City
Answered Jun 7
Yes, definitely.
In science: tam nh? (心耳), di?p l?c t? (叶绿素), huy?t áp (血压), thuyên t?c (栓塞), m?n tính (慢性), etc.
In common speech: see other answers. As a dedicated fujoshi with 8 years of experience, I can guarantee that we do borrow a lot from Japanese and Chinese internet slangs.

是的。
科学方面：tam nh? (心耳), di?p l?c t? (叶绿素), huy?t áp (血压), thuyên t?c (栓塞), m?n tính (慢性),等等。
一般用语：见其他答案。作为一个拥有8年经验的腐女，我可以保证的是我们确实借用了很多日文和中文的网络词汇。

Ngoc Diep Hoang, former Worked and Lived in Vietnam for More Than 20 Years
Answered Jun 11
Yes, and it is not an issue. Just as Japanese language or Korean language. Quite similar to many European languages still “borrow" Latin.
But if the question is to demean Vietnamese language then it is a failed effort, because while the Japanese “borrows" Chinese language but Japan has been so powerful that once it conquered China.

是的，这不是个问题。好比日语或者韩语。很多欧洲语言也依然在“借用”拉丁语。
如果这个问题是为了贬低越南语，那你就错了，因为日语也借取中文词汇，但是日本如此强大，曾经征服过中国。

Anh Tran, knows Vietnamese
Answered Jun 6
Definitely yes.
At the moment, Vietnam are trading heavily with China and Taiwan, so there are more people knowing Mandarin than from 50 years ago.
Also, Vietnamese novel market is now experiencing the second wave of Mandarin fiction novels. Loads of Mandarin and Wasei-kango Japanese loanwords have been (re)introduced.
For example, the word high school in Vietnamese is usually trung h?c ph? th?ng (中学普通 in transliterated Chinese), but now many millenials use the Mandarin/Japanese term cao trung (高中, from 高级中学) instead.

是的，越南和中国以及台湾贸易频繁，所以比起50年前，现在有更多人知道普通话。
而且，现在越南小说市场正经历第二轮普通话小说热潮。所以大量的普通话和和制汉语被重新介绍进越南。比如，越南语里的高中一般写作trung h?c ph? th?ng（音译成中文就是中学普通），但是现在很多千禧一代都使用普通话和日语里的cao trung (高中, 即 高级中学)