印度是下一个中国吗

Is India the next China?

印度是下一个中国吗?

QUORA网站读者评论：

Ray Gordon, studied Economics at Michigan State University

For a refresher, please read these two swers:

作为复习，请读一读以下两个问答:

Ray Gordon's answer to What is the economic future of Pakistan?

雷戈登问答：巴基斯坦的经济前景是什么?

Ray Gordon's answer to Which country will be the next China in terms of economic growth?

雷戈登问答：在经济增长方面，哪个国家将成为下一个中国?

I would advise anyone who doesn’t want a sugarcoated and excessively wishful thinking answer to turn away unless you want a pretty biting answer.

我建议那些不想听甜言蜜语、过于一厢情愿的评论者，除非你能接受尖刻的回答，否则请马上点击右上角的叉叉，别看了。

Unlikely.

这是不太可能的。

The people who claim that India will soon become the next China in terms of growth tend to have a misunderstanding of this figure[1]:

那些宣称印度在增长方面将很快成为下一个中国的人，往往会误解这个数字：

The usual claim is “China had a demographic dividend, so its our turn now”, this is frankly speaking quite naive.

最常见的说法是“中国有人口红利，现在轮到我们了”，坦率地说，这种说法太天真了。

India has a number of embedded structural deficiencies, including a massively underdeveloped industrial basis, high growth rates leading to high NPA’s, an acute lack of the types of capital required for high growth rates and an assortment of governmental issues means that its unlikely that India will be able to pull it off.

印度有很多自身的结构性缺陷,包括大量不发达的工业基础,很多方面都严重缺乏高增长所需的资本，还存在各式各样的政府问题，这意味着印度将不大可能实现中国第二。

Couple these facts w/ the ongoing issue of automation, AI and less and less willingness by the developed world to absorb massive amounts of exports means that its unlikely that India will be able to experience a China-type growth miracle.

事实表明，在自动化、人工智能以及发达国家越来越不愿意吸收大量出口的情况下，印度不太可能复制中国式的增长奇迹。

Increased protectionism

保护主义抬头

Countries in the developed world don’t want to absorb the same amount of trade deficits (along with the associated job losses) that allowed China, South Korea, Japan and next coming Vietnam to climb the economic ladder, this means India will have to compete with other developing countries in order to gets its exports to the west. As I’ve pointed out, during East Asia’s rise, the words free trade and globalization

发达国家不想维持相同数量的贸易赤字(以及相关的失业),允许中国,韩国,日本和接下来的越南爬上经济阶梯,这意味着印度将与其他发展中国家竞争才能获得出口到西方国家的份额。正如我所指出的，在东亚崛起的过程中，“自由贸易”和“全球化”这两个词出现了。

India will have to find a way to compete with Vietnam and Indonesia or the Philippines, which is a heck of a lot easier said than done. In fact, both those countries are outperforming India relative to their populations by quite a large margin. So India is not showing much promise as of right now in this field.

印度必须想办法与越南、印尼或菲律宾竞争，说起来容易做起来难。事实上，这两个国家相对于其人口的表现都远远超过了印度。因此，印度目前在这一领域的前景并不乐观。

Technology

科技

It’s been noted here before, India’s non-price competitiveness is very low, non-price competitiveness essentially means the comparative advantage derived not from an undervalued currency or low wages but other factors.

之前有人提到过，印度的非价格竞争力非常低，非价格竞争力本质上是指相对优势不是来自低估的货币或低工资，而是来自其他因素。

It’s pretty clear that India frankly is not going to be able to dramatically increase non-price competitiveness anytime soon, which is a bad sign particularly with the new advent of automation.

很明显，坦率地说，印度短期内无法大幅提高非价格竞争力，这是一个不好的迹象，尤其是随着自动化的出现。

To see examples of high non-price competitive countries, all we need to do is look at these graphs:

高非价格竞争国家有哪些，我们只需要看看这些图表:

 

Now, if your country has low non-price competitiveness, that means time is running out as automation comes into play and dramatically reduces the need for low wage labor.

现在，如果你的国家非价格竞争力较低，那就意味着随着自动化开始发挥作用，对低工资劳动力的需求将大大减少。

I’m just going to say it, it’s incredibly unlikely India will be able to do this based on past projections and current data. Although Modi is trying to push on this front the said structural deficiencies that India’s economy has is not going to allow much progress in the short-medium term.

我要说的是，根据过去的预测和目前的数据，印度不太可能做到这一点。尽管莫迪正在努力推动这一进程，但印度经济的结构性缺陷在短期内不会有太大改善。

The Changing nature of manufacturing

制造业性质的变化

This is from my other answer:

这是我的另一个答案:

“Manufacturing is changing, it used to be that businesses had to order in bulk now they can order on a case by case business due to the advent of cheaper internet connectivity. This has led to manufacturing being more and more determined not by cheap labor but by the economies of scale and having the required infrastructure to catch onto this new trend.

“制造业正在发生变化，过去企业必须批量订购，现在由于互联网连接成本更低，它们可以逐个下单订购。”这导致制造业逐渐不由廉价劳动力所决定，而是由规模经济决定的，并有必要的基础设施跟上这种新趋势。

What it used to be:

过去是什么样的:

A business needs to buy at least 500 shirts for the spring sale, they need to buy in bulk due to the fear of the supply being short, unfortunately the spring sale doesn’t go as well as planned and only 350 shirts are sold. 150 shirts are now being sold at a loss or must be stored for a cost for the next season.

一个企业需要购买至少500件衬衫用于春季销售，他们需要大量购买，因为担心供应不足，不幸的是春季销售没有按计划进行，只售出了350件衬衫。现在，150件衬衫正在亏本出售，或者必须为下一季的成本而储存起来。

What it now is:

现在的情况是:

A business can now order in units of 25 using the internet and have them shipped based on demand, now the business estimates with a far higher accuracy the amount of shirts that they sell, as a result the business does not have any excess shirts they need to sell at a loss or store at a cost for the next season.

单位的业务现在可以通过互联网采购25个单位,让他们根据需求发货,现在业务可以更准确地预计衬衫的销售量,因此不需要亏本出售多余的衬衫或成为下一季的囤货。

As long as developing countries (w/ the notable exception of China and Vietnam *again) don’t have the ability to catch onto this trend, there is simply less incentive to migrate manufacturing to them.”

只要发展中国家(中国和越南是明显的例外*)没有能力赶上这一趋势，就没有动力将制造业转移到这些国家。

This new trend in manufacturing is making manufacturing less and less determined just by vast amounts of cheap labor but more and more by economies of scale and non-price competitiveness, both of these factors India sorely lacks and is unlikely to be able to build up before automation comes into play.

这个制造业的新趋势是制造业越来越不取决于大量的廉价劳动力,而是越来越多地依赖规模经济和非价格竞争力，印度严重缺乏这两个因素，不太可能在自动化之前发挥作用了。

Government efficiency

政府效率

Although India is much better on Pakistan on this regard, it’s still not something to be proud of. India’s government is quite inefficient and has a huge problem with corruption. With this in mind it’s even less likely India will be able to build up the required factors to sustain export-led industrialization.

尽管印度在这方面比巴基斯坦好得多，但仍然不是什么值得骄傲的事情。印度政府效率低下，腐败问题严重。考虑到这一点，印度建立以出口为导向的工业化所需因素的可能性就更小了。

Conclusion

结论

While India will likely achieve decent growth rates in the short-mid term, it will not be able to sustain the growth rates required for a growth-miracle, largely due to waning export led industrialization, embedded structural deficiencies and the coming advent of automation

尽管印度有可能在短期内实现可观的增长率，但它将无法维持增长奇迹，这在很大程度上是由于出口主导的工业化减弱、内在的结构性缺陷以及即将到来的自动化。

 

Rajin R Nair, works at Premier Composite Technologies Llc

Being a Sachin Tendulkar fanatic, I was asked by my friends that if Virat Kohli would be the next Sachin Tendulkar, obviously to irritate me. But my answer was that there is (and will be) only one Sachin Tendulkar, but we might get the “first Virat Kohli”.

作为一名萨钦·坦杜尔卡狂热粉丝，我的朋友问我，如果维拉特·科利是下一个萨钦·坦杜尔卡，显然会激怒我。但我的回答是，现在(将来也会是)只有一个萨钦·坦杜尔卡，但我们可能会得到“第一个维拉特·科利”。

Similarly, I must tell you that, there is no “India is next China” thing but given the growth and sudden impact of futuristic mindset among the Indians, there is a high chance of a “The best of India till date” in the vicinity. Obviously, if things go as planned. The reason I attribute this possible achievement to India is,

同样，我必须告诉你们，没有“印度是下一个中国”这样的说法，但考虑到印度人的未来主义心态的增长，很有可能实现“迄今为止最好的印度”。很明显，如果事情按计划进行的话。我将这一可能的成就归功于印度的原因是，

1.As of now, the Modi revelation is working out wonders and the other political parties are purposefully trying to put in a healthy competition on developing India as opposed to the past when they did that for votes.

1.到目前为止，莫迪正在创造奇迹，而其他政党也有意在发展中印度的问题上展开良性竞争，而不是像过去那样为了选票那样瞎搞。

2. Education has been the priority of most Indian families, in the sense, parents are trying their best to give their children the best education possible.

2.教育一直是大多数印度家庭的首要任务，从某种意义上说，父母们正在尽最大努力给孩子们提供最好的教育。

3. Tourism (and medical tourism) is gathering a good grip in Indian economy.

3.旅游业(和医疗旅游)在印度经济中占有重要地位。

4. The great Indian Tech Bubble (purely an imaginative term) has planted its firm foot in the economy already.

4.大印度科技泡沫(纯粹是充满想象力的术语)已经在经济领域站稳了脚跟。

5. FDI has seen a boom in the last couple of years.

5.外国直接投资在过去几年愈加繁荣。

6. The youth are concerned and more importantly a large number of youth are concerned (in a better sense) about their part in developing India.

6.年轻人很关心，更重要的是，许多年轻人(在更好的意义上)关心他们在发展印度中的角色。

 

Tinto Thomas, IT Consultant (2012-present)

Is it possible? Can India become like China in terms of growth and economy within a few year’s time? It is an ongoing debate, where some people say India has the potential to become like China, while some say otherwise. What is your take on this?

这可能吗?印度能在几年内成为中国那样的增长和经济大国吗?这是一场还未平息的争论，有人说印度有潜力成为中国那样的国家，也有人说没有。你对此有何看法?

The bulls say India is the 'next China'. ... But most importantly, China has been built on infrastructure, investment and manufacturing, while India has barely scratched the surface on all three. India began its economic reform in the early 1990s, more than a decade after China.

看多的人说印度是“下一个中国”。但最重要的是，中国是建立在基础设施、投资和制造业的基础上的，而印度在这三个方面几乎根本没有触及皮毛。印度经济改革始于上世纪90年代初，比中国晚了10多年。

China is world's second largest economy, with GDP of $10 trillion In comparison, India is a $2 trillion economy.

中国是世界第二大经济体，GDP为10万亿美元，而印度只有2万亿美元。

India has to achieve this kind of growth before it can be tagged alongside China in matters of economic growth. Here are certain areas where India still has to improve if it has to reach within the limits of what China has achieved:

印度必须实现这种增长，才能在经济增长方面与中国相提并论。如果印度要达到中国所取得的成就的限度，还有一些地方需要改进:

• GDP, India invests only about 30% of it while China invests 50%
• GDP，印度的投资只占到GDP的30%，而中国投资50%
• China’s manufacturing industry is strong – 30%, compared to the 20% of India.
• 中国制造业很强- 占到GDP的30%,而印度只有20%。
• China’s physical infrastructure capabilities still outsmart India’s
• 中国的基础设施能力远超印度

India’s challenges

印度的挑战

1.The advent of this new age where the open, free, and democratic global trading system has become a pale shadow of its previous self.

1.这个开放、自由和敏煮的新时代的到来，为全球贸易体系蒙上了阴影。

2.The advance of technology and the expansion of the digital economy, along with robotization, is in many ways closing the window for export-led manufacturing growth.

2.技术的进步、数字经济的扩张以及自动化，在很多方面都关闭了出口导向型制造业增长的窗口。

3.Energy derived from fossil fuels may no longer be a given in any new industrialisation effort.

3.在任何新的工业化努力中，化石燃料产生的能源可能不再是理所当然的。

4.Global finance is increasingly agnostic, if not outright unfriendly, to the idea of traditional industrial growth.

4.全球金融对传统工业增长就算不算不友好，也是越来越不可知论。

Fortunately for the rest of the region, India’s predicted rise should support economic growth, even while debate continues over whether it can truly become the “next China.”

幸运的是，对该地区其他国家来说，印度的增长预期应该会支持经济增长，尽管关于它能否真正成为“下一个中国”的争论仍在继续。

 

Neena Sharma

No India will not become the next China any time soon.

不，印度不会很快成为下一个中国。

We may have a younger population as opposed to China’s now ageing one but what good will that do us ? Most of the younger lot are completely uneducated in the formal sense of the word…..they maybe able to read and write a little but thats where it ends. They have no sense of discipline, no work ethics, no sense of right or wrong, and no real expertise even in their traditional crafts. They are also hampered by old superstitions, mired in ritualism masquerading as culture , unable to unshackle themselves from obsolete uninformed religious practices prevailing in their villages, and generally very far away from their counterparts in other parts of the world.

我们可能有着年轻的人口，不像中国的人口正在慢慢老龄化，但这对我们有什么好处呢?大多数年轻的人完全没有受过正规意义上的教育……他们也许能读会写，但也仅此而已。他们没有纪律性，没有职业道德，没有对与错的意识，甚至他们的传统手艺也不涉及真正的专业知识。他们还受到旧迷信的阻碍，陷于伪装成文化的仪式主义的泥潭，无法摆脱在他们的村庄盛行的过时的、愚昧的宗教习俗的束缚，而且通常与世界其他地方的习俗相去甚远。

We need to first and foremost revamp our education system and take it away from all religious/ cultural influences. We need to introduce a moral science class into the daily class schedules in ALL schools, Govt and Private. This class should have no religious overtones at all…..instead the focus should be on what is morally / ethically correct . In every religion /culture murder is wrong, stealing is wrong, adultery is wrong , lyeing is wrong , rape is wrong etc so even in an ethically diverse culture like ours this should raise no objections. Its only when we have been able to raise an entire generation of workers who understand moral obligations and duties can we hope to go forward and beat China at its own game ….otherwise make in India will just remain a populist slogan , one of many that come and go.

我们首先需要改革我们的教育系统，使其远离所有宗教/文化的影响。我们需要在所有学校，政府和私人的日常课程表中引入道德科学课程。这门课不应该有任何宗教意味……相反，我们应该关注什么才是道德/伦理正确的。在所有的宗教/文化中，谋杀是错的，偷窃是错的，通奸是错的，撒谎是错的，强奸是错的，等等，所以即使在我们这样一个道德多元化的文化中，这也不应该引起反对。只有当我们能够提高整整一代工人的道德水平，我们才有希望前进、击败中国，否则，“印度制造”仍将是一个民粹主义口号，来得快消失得也快。

There are many other related reasons that we could mention here but it would make this too long and unwieldy ……so to start with lets concentrate on clean unblemished properly educated legislators who can inspire the populace , and on decent schooling for everyone with a strong moral grounding that allows them to mature into responsible citizens automatically obeying the laws and rules that modern civilised society lives by……

我们还可以列举许多其他相关原因，但这样的话答案会变得冗长而笨拙……所以首先要专注于推选清正廉洁的受过教育的立法者，这些人可以激励人民，为每个人提供良好的学校教育，让每个人都有强烈的道德基础，让他们成长为负责任的公民，自动遵守现代文明社会生活的法律和规则

 

Pradeep Choudhary, Research student. at Ministry of Finance, India (2017-present)

China is a $20 trillions economy whereas india is only a $3 trillion economy.

中国是一个20万亿美元的经济体，而印度只有3万亿美元。

But , Yes!

但是，是的!

INDIA WILL PROBABLY BE THE NEXT GROWTH COMPETITOR TO CHINA, given the political situation continue to be stable and growth seeking.

考虑到印度的政治形势持续稳定，印度可能会成为中国的下一个增长竞争对手。

There was a serious discussion on the same topic referring to India taking on the place of China at the Global Business Summit’ 17..

在17年的全球商业峰会上，有一个关于印度取代中国的严肃讨论。

The global economy presents a huge opportunity for India as China loses its competitive edge.

随着中国失去竞争优势，全球经济给印度带来了巨大的机遇。

Wages are rising in china and there is a talk that it is being non- competitive. What’s the best alternative ? INDIA ?

中国的工资水平正在上涨，而且有一种说法认为中国的竞争力不强。最好的选择是什么?印度?

• India needs to improve its supply chain activites, meaning importing components, machinery etc.

印度需要改善其供应链活动,这意味着进口组件、机械等。

This is a great opportunity for India now.

这对印度来说是一个很好的机会。

India can be transformed if it trusts its entreprenuers because they had built world class roads, airports and other facilites.

如果印度信任企业家，就能实现转型，因为他们修建了世界级的公路、机场和其他设施。

Quoting on this Vedanta chairman recently said - You cannot hold a gun, You have to hold a machine gun. You cannot count bullets when building a nation.

 

引用这位韦丹塔董事长最近的话:“你不能拿着枪，你必须拿着机关枪。要建设一个国家，就别心疼子弹了。”

Buoyant economy, regulatory reforms has made India the most preferred market for outsourcing business among more than 75% Multinational companies.

蓬勃发展的经济、监管改革使印度成为75%以上跨国公司最青睐的外包业务市场。

• Bengaluru, Mumbai and Delhi NCR has emerged as the most preferred destinations for expansion by the companies.

班加罗尔、孟买和德里已成为公司扩张的首选目的地。

• Corporates have displayed strong intentions to expand in teir 1 cities with the technology and outsourcing hub of Bengaluru receiving the strongest intrest.

一线城市显示了强烈的扩张班加罗尔技术和外包中心的意图。

• Increasing number of companies are opting to expand in teir II cities such as Chennai and Hydrabad, which offers more space to choose from, lower operating costs and rapidly improving infrastrucutre.

越来越多的公司选择在钦奈和海得拉巴等二线城市扩张,这些城市提供更多的选择空间,降低运营成本,基础设施得以改善。

India’s bouyant economy, steady progress in enacting regulatory reforms and booming outsourcing sector copupled with growing talent pool continues to make it attractive outsourcing destination.

印度庞大的经济、稳步推进的监管改革以及蓬勃发展的外包行业，以及不断增长的人才储备，继续使其成为颇具吸引力的外包目的地。

THE BIGGEST ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION WILL BE FROM THE EFFORTS OF OUR HONRABLE PRIME MINISTER

最大的作用和贡献都来自我们尊敬的总理的努力

SHRI NARENDRA MODI.

莫迪先生。

Recently, There has been a common beleif and a sense of realisation in every Indian heart that if he commands the Prime minister office for the next 10 years.

最近，每一个印度人心中都有一种普遍的信念，那就是如果他在未来10年里担任总理。

INDIA WILL BE BACK TO ITS STAND OF BEING THE GOLDEN BIRD OF THE WORLD.

印度将重返它作为世界金雀鸟的地位。

 

 

Rahul Funde, Editor

Why on the planet you want to be next someone? You are the reason why Sharmaji ka beta and guptaji ki beti are the biggest villain in the country. But the problem here is India is not your son but a freaking largest democracy (I don't call India a country generally, don't ask why)

为什么你想成为下一个别人?你就是为什么沙马吉·卡·贝塔和古普塔吉·基·贝提是这个国家最大的恶棍的原因。但问题是印度不是你的儿子，而是一个畸形的最大的敏煮国家(我一般不把印度称为国家，不要问我为什么)

So how do you want to India to be China? When China started it's journey it had 60% people below poverty line. Unfortunately India has only 12.8($1.9 a day). Which used to be 25% a decade back. We used to lead the world.

那么，你希望印度成为中国吗?当中国开始发展之旅时，有60%的人生活在贫困线以下。不幸的是，印度人只有12.8卢比(每天1.9美元)。10年前我们的贫困人只有25%，我们曾经领导世界。

In terms of Employment generation we only have 3.8% unemployment rate. In other words 585 mn people have their jobs. Little less than US and China combined.

在创造就业方面，我们的失业率只有3.8%。换句话说，有5.85亿人有工作。几乎比美国和中国加起来还要少。

Let's look towards future. We add 20mn people in workforce each year. Out of which freaking 85% wants self employment. So instead of generating opportunities for them of their own choice you want them to be in industries? For what? For the sake of country? Silicon valley is just a flight away.

让我们展望未来。我们每年新增2000万劳动力。85%的人想要自主创业。因此，不给他们创造自己选择的机会，而是让他们进入各个产业?为了什么?为了国家?硅谷就在不远处。

Talking about startups, India is currently fourth largest base of technology based startups. Startup India campaign plans to add 1000 more billion dollar startups.

说到创业，印度目前是第四大科技创业基地。印度计划再增加1000多家十亿美元量级的初创公司。

Let's say we did that. No problem. You know India is currently most polluted and the dirtiest country on the planet. You want to add more dirt and pollution like China? Our life will be at stake. You want that too happen?

假设我们这样做了。没有问题。你知道印度现在是世界上污染最严重的国家。你想像中国那样严重污染吗?我们的生命危在旦夕。你也想这样吗?

Talking about industrialization? We will need it. But as big as China? Nope. If India managed to produce enough goods for all its booming middle class and enough services to transport them to all the direction of country, believe me India can give the biggest f*ck you to the world. No matter which brand. And Industrialization in India is not competition but contribution. If it was competition why would a Chinese company manufacture in India?

工业化?我们需要工业化。但能做到和中国一样大规模吗?不。如果印度能生产出足够多的商品，满足其蓬勃发展的中产阶级的需求，并提供足够多的服务，将商品运送到国内各个地区，相信我，印度能冲世界狠狠骂声脏话。不管哪个品牌。印度的工业化不是竞争，而是贡献。如果是竞争的话，为什么中国公司要在印度生产?

Talking about infrastructure? Like high-speed railway network? Wait for 15 years. Till then you live in China. Chinese are good and friendly. Fun fact- Chinese state owned company was also one of the very important bidder but lost to a Japanese company in fair tender. Even Indian companies lost to them. And if NSG blunder won't have happened China would have been only supplier of Solar panels to India to build 3 largest solar panels in the world. And also according to the recent FDI regulations China can also invest in India in any sector they want. That also includes defense sector without transfer of technology.

基础设施?比如高速铁路网?再等上15年吧。估计到那个时候你已经住在中国了。中国人是善良友好的。有趣的事实-中国国有公司也是非常重要的竞标者之一，但在公开投标中输给了日本公司。就连印度公司也输给了他们。如果核供应国集团的错误不发生的话，中国就会成为印度太阳能电池板的唯一供应者，来建造世界上最大的3块太阳能电池板。而且根据最近的外国直接投资法规，中国也可以在印度投资任何他们想要的领域。其中也包括没有技术转让的国防部门。

And this is what globalisation is? There is a competition but for contribution to make a better world for all of us. China does deserve all the attention and admiration for what they have achieved. But there is no need of competition. Competition attracts conflicts. We have to make a better world.

这就是全球化吗?除了为我们所有人创造一个更美好的世界做出贡献，还有竞争。中国取得的成就值得所有人的关注和钦佩。但不需要竞争。竞争会导致冲突。我们必须创造一个更美好的世界。

Social issues hardle matter for the development of any country. Every country has it's own issues. Who would have thought entire Parliament would have been united for GST bill? But they did. Land grabbing bill in Maharashtra is another example. Two years back I decided to make my home “made in India” home and failed badly. Again I tried this years and guess what? I did it. From selfie stick to Car everything made in India. And much more to come. There is lot more to be done. India's best days are yet to come.

任何国家的发展都离不开社会问题。每个国家都有自己的问题。谁会想到整个议会会联合起来支持消费税法案呢?但是他们做到了。另一个例子是在马哈拉施特拉邦夺取土地的法案。两年前，我决定让我的家里全都是“印度制造”，结果彻底失败了。我今年又试了一次，你猜怎么着?我做到了。从自拍杆到汽车，一切都是印度制造。还有很多事情要做。印度最好的日子还没有到来。

Hope this clears your inferiority complex about India.

希望这能消除你对印度的自卑情结。

 

Jatin Delhi, Digital Marketing at Cranberry Communication (2014-present)

The State of FinTech In China

中国金融科技的现状

Situated in central and east Asia, China is the most populous country and one of the fastest growing economy globally. China and Russia are the two countries in the world that share their boundaries with 14 countries, for China that are India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Tajikistan, North Korea and Bhutan. Seen as one of the potential superpowers, it invented credit banking and paper money besides many other things. Its principal urban centres are Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Tianjin.

中国地处中亚和东亚，是世界上人口最多、经济增长最快的国家之一。中国和俄罗斯是世界上同14个国家接壤的两个国家，中国是印度、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、缅甸、阿富汗、越南、老挝、吉尔吉斯斯坦、尼泊尔、塔吉克斯坦、朝鲜和不丹。它被视为潜在的超级大国之一，除了许多其他东西之外，还发明了信贷银行和纸币。它的主要城市中心是上海、广州、北京、重庆、深圳和天津。

According to worldometers.com, China’s population is estimated to be 1.38 billion as on December 24, 2016, which is equivalent to 18.72% of the total world population. Its population density is 147 per sqr km. 56.6% people live in urban areas. The age structure of Chinese population suggests 17.1% population below 14, 13.27% population from 15 to 24, 48.42% population from 25-54 and rest above 55 years. China’s overall literacy rate was 95% in 2010, which is considered an impressive jump from 78% in 1978. 99.6% young population can read and write

据worldometers.com统计，截至2016年12月24日，中国人口预计将达到13.8亿，相当于世界总人口的18.72%。其人口密度为每平方公里147人。56.6%的人生活在城市地区。中国人口年龄结构中，14岁以下人口占17.1%，15 - 24岁人口占13.27%，25-54岁人口占48.42%，55岁以上人口占48.42%。中国的总体识字率从1978年的78%大幅跃升，2010年达到了95%。99.6%的年轻人能读会写。

 

Shivam Rai, works at SAE KIET

Originally Answered: Is India the next China?

最初的问题是:印度是下一个中国吗?

Firstly in terms of government structure India is never going to be China i.e. Communist state it will continue to be democracy.

首先，就政府结构而言，印度永远不会是中国，中国是国家，印度将继续维持敏煮国家。

Secondly , If reservation is given on cast basis not on economic basis then forget to catch up with the Dragon.

其次，如果继续保留以种姓为基础的预留制，而非经济基础，那么就不要肖想赶超中国龙了。

Thirdely, considering China as thrice bigger than us we can't even think to match in territory size, but whole land of china is not so flat to live upon…mostly it is mounteneous so Dragon is basically two times of us.

第三，考虑到中国比我们大三倍，我们在国土面积上根本无法与之匹敌，但是中国的国土并不是那么平坦，大部分是山，所以龙基本上是我们的两倍大。

Fourthly , we can beat China in economic power if we give focus on quality of education .If we give focus on quality education and innovation we can be the next Dragon warrior in economic and military terms .( Consider Japan..they have everything adverse i.e . high population density , aging population ,no enough resources still they excel !!)

第四，如果我们把重点放在教育质量上，我们就能在经济实力上打败中国。他们有一切不利的因素。（比如日本，面临所有不利因素，人口密度高，人口老龄化，没有足够的资源，但他们仍然优秀!!)

Fifthly,instead of begging for technology and FDI from uncle Sam ( U.S.A & Europe) we have to go Swadeshi and give our technologies to other we have done it also in the field of Space tech.

第五，不要向美国乞求技术和外国直接投资，我们必须采取抵制英货运动，把我们在太空技术领域的技术交给其他国家。

Sixthly , we are tooooooooo smaller in terms of Olympic medals when we compare ourself with Chinese ….I think we Indians have talent ,for sake take cricket we beat England even they are stronger than us physically so what is china if we could beat English men. ( I m saying this becuse many people say that we are not physically that strong to grab a medal at olympics )

第六,我们在奥运金牌榜跟中国比简直太弱了....我认为我们印度人有天赋，我们的板球就打败了英格兰，即使他们的身体比我们强壮，那么如果我们能打败英国人，中国又算什么呢?(我这么说是因为很多人都说我们没有那么强壮的身体在奥运会上夺取奖牌)

These points when acted upon can ,not only make next China but Next US i think!!

这些点一旦付诸行动，不仅会让我们自己成为下一个中国，还能成为下一个美国!!

Hope this helped you

希望这对你有所帮助