美版知乎：为什么中印关系无法向前发展

Why China and India relationships cannot move forwards? China and USA, China and Japan, China and Russia all have historical conflicts for different reasons but they can turn the page on.

为什么中印关系不能向前发展？中国和美国，中国和日本，中国和俄罗斯由于不同的原因历史上都曾经历过冲突，但他们都翻篇了。

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Maqbool Ahmed Dhawla

As a Pakistani me not expert on China India relations. Moreover, I have a deep realization that Pakistan couldn’t deliver according to her potentials and as a nation we failed to deliver. Although there Are some areas we made a headway but we couldn’t alleviate poverty, ignorance and other social evils from our society.

When Pakistan and India got freedom, China was a poor country. United India under the British despite imperial economic loot and plunder was a much progressive country. We had railways network and other industrial infrastructure which was not available in China. We had the greatest irrigation system, barrages and canals and our lands were very fertile. After gaining independence, till 1990, Pakistan was ahead of India in GDP growth. China remained behind till 1960s. Then China took a leap forward and went far ahead in the region. India also performed well after 1990 but there is no comparison between China and India. The relationship between India and China was never normal. Why China and India will remain in conflict for coming years as well, we will discuss later. Let us have some economic comparison first.

作为一个巴基斯坦人，我并不是中印关系专家。此外，我深刻地认识到，巴基斯坦无法发挥自己的潜力，而作为一个国家，我们也没能发挥出潜力。虽然我们在某些方面取得了进展，但是我们没能消除我们的社会中的贫困、无知和其他社会丑恶现象。

巴基斯坦和印度获得自由时，中国还是个穷国。相比而言，尽管经历了大英帝国主义的经济掠夺，印度依然是一个更为发达的国家。我们拥有中国所没有的铁路网和其他工业基础设施。我们有最先进的灌溉系统，水坝和运河，我们的土地非常肥沃。

获得独立后，直到1990年，巴基斯坦的GDP增长一直领先于印度。中国则一直落后，直到20世纪60年代。

然后，中国实现了大跨步地发展，如今在该地区遥遥领先。1990年后，印度的表现也很好，但中国和印度之间已是天差地别。印度和中国的关系从来都不正常。为什么中国和印度在未来几年仍将保持冲突，我们将稍后讨论。让我们先做一些经济上的比较吧。

With a 20 trillion USD GDP, with exports around 2.4 trillion and imports around 1.9 trillion, China is second largest economy of the world. It was predicted that she will Not takeover USA till 2050. But China made a miraculous progress in all fields.

India is third largest economy PPP, fifth nominal. Here is a comparison of economies of China and India.

“China and India are the two emerging economies in the world. As of 2019, China and India is 2nd and 5th largest country of the world, respectively in nominal basis. On PPP basis, China is at 1st and India is at 3rd place. Both countries together share 19.46% and 27.18% of total global wealth in nominal and PPP terms, respectively. Among Asian countries, China and India together contribute more than half of Asia's GDP.

In 1987, GDP (Nominal) of both countries was almost equal. But in 2019, China's gdp is 4.78 times greater than India. On ppp basis, GDP of China is 2.38x of India. China crossed $1 trillion mark in 1998 while India crossed 9 year later in 2007 at exchange rate basis.

中国国内生产总值20万亿美元，出口约2.4万亿美元，进口约1.9万亿美元，是世界第二大经济体。有人预测中国在2050年之前还无法超越美国。但中国在所有领域都取得了奇迹般的进步。

按购买力平价计算，印度是世界第三大经济体，按名义GDP算排名第五。以下是中国和印度经济的比较。

“中国和印度是两个新兴经济体。截至2019年，中国和印度在名义上分别是世界第二大和第五大国家。按购买力平价计算，中国排名第一，印度排名第三。按名义财富和购买力平价计算，两国合计占全球总财富的19.46%和27.18%。在亚洲国家中，中国和印度对亚洲GDP的贡献超过一半。

1987年，两国的GDP(名义上)几乎相等。但在2019年，中国的GDP已是印度的4.78倍。按购买力平价计算，中国的GDP是印度的2.38倍。中国在1998年突破了1万亿美元大关，而印度以汇率计算的话也在9年后的2007年突破了1万亿美元大关。

Both countries has been neck-to-neck in gdp per capita terms. As per both method, India was richer than China in 1990. Now in 2019, China is almost 4.61 times richer than India in nominal method and 2.30 times richer in ppp method. Per capita rank of China and India is 72th and 145th, resp, in nominal. Per capita rank of China and India is 75th and 126th, resp, in ppp.”

Why everlasting peace is not being reached between China and India needs a deeper analysis. India is always hegemonic towards her neighbours. Why? Because she thinks they succeeded British Imperialism. That imperialistic approach still persists. India expects her neighbours to behave like vassal states. Either Nepal or Bangladesh or Sri Lanka or even Pakistan, India wants they must accept her hegemony. Only Pakistan resisted and faced dire consequences. Now, Pakistan is continuously put in existential threat By India. Ultimately, Pakistan decided to get nuclear capability just to save herself from India. Likewise, while dealing with China, India always remained in that hegemonic frame of mind. This approach can’t work with a big country like China.

两国的人均国内生产总值一直不相上下。按照这两种方法，1990年印度都比中国富裕。到2019年，中国在名义GDP方面比印度富裕近4.61倍，以购买力平价法计算则比印度富裕2.30倍。中国和印度的人均GDP排名分别为72和145。按购买力平价计算，中国和印度的人均GDP排名分别是75位和126位。”

为什么中印之间无法实现持久和平，则需要进行更深入的分析。印度对邻国总是推行霸权主义。为什么？因为她认为他们继承了英国帝国主义。这种帝国主义的做法仍然存在。印度希望她的邻国成为其附庸国。无论是尼泊尔、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡，还是巴基斯坦，印度都希望他们必须接受她的霸权。只有巴基斯坦反抗，并面临着可怕的后果。现在，巴基斯坦不断受到印度的威胁。最终，巴基斯坦决定掌握核能力，就为了从印度手中拯救自己。同样地，在与中国打交道时，印度也始终保持着霸权的心态。但这种方法不适用于像中国这样的大国。

 

Babayetu Lew

India invades his neighbors day by day. Let’s look at the history.

India is the top 1 threat to South Asia.

India invaded Goa in 1961.

India invaded China in 1962 but failed.

India invaded Sikkim in 1975.

India invaded Pakistan three times and split their country.

India invaded Sri Lanka in 1983.

India bully Nepal and Bhutan even after big earthquake. It’s totally cruel and brutal.

From my point of view, only China can keep South Asia from Nazi India.

I hope India could keep peace and stop invasion. That will help China and India relationships.

印度每天都在侵略它的邻国。让我们看看历史吧。

印度是南亚最大的威胁。

1961年，印度入侵果阿邦。

1962年，印度入侵中国，但失败了。

1975年，印度入侵锡金。

印度入侵巴基斯坦三次，分裂了他们的国家。

1983年，印度入侵斯里兰卡。

即使在大地震之后，印度还继续欺负尼泊尔和不丹。这是非常残酷无情的。

在我看来，只有中国才能让南亚远离纳粹印度。

我希望印度能维持和平，停止侵略。这将有助于中国和印度的关系

 

Ahmed Nizar

india has an imaginary image of itself - it thinks it is an elephant while it is only a mouse

It just has the support of USA so it thinks it can do whatever it wants with that support and USA is also enjoying the show because it is funny to watch M0doi do gimmicks with his citizens and how blindly they seem to follow him.

its fun to watch these ignorant idiots dance to his tunes while thousands of people are dying in India because of his lack of action

印度对自己有个误会——它认为自己是一头大象，但实际上它只是一只老鼠。

它有美国的支持，所以它认为有了美国的支持，它就可以任性妄为，美国也乐见其成，因为看莫迪对他的公民搞噱头非常有趣，他们非常盲目地追随莫迪。

看着这些无知的白痴跟着莫迪摇摆，而印度有成千上万的人因为他的不作为而丢掉性命，实在是很有趣。

 

Asare Debra

A $400 Billion China - Iran deal: Where does it leave the Chabahar project?

Reportedly, China is ready to invest across the Iranian economy. In return, Beijing could walk away with a steady supply of Iranian oil at a heavily discounted rate. What does it mean for India's Chabahar project?

Destabilized by sanctions and the maximum pressure from the Donald Trump administration has lead to steep economic decline in Iran.

With limited options and a time ticking bomb for economic collapse, Tehran has decided to go all out with China to ink a strategic deal worth $400 Billion dollars for a 25 years strategic partnership. The marriage between Iran and China will leave Washington with limited options to effectively punish Iran. This is happening because China sees a possible decoupling between the the US and China

4000亿美元的中伊协议：查巴哈项目将何去何从？

据报道，中国准备投资伊朗经济的各个领域。作为回报，北京方面可以以极低的价格，从伊朗获得稳定的石油供应。这对印度恰巴哈项目意味着什么?

受到制裁和唐纳德·特朗普政府的最大压力的破坏，导致伊朗经济急剧下滑。

由于选择有限，加上经济崩溃的定时炸弹，德黑兰决定全力以赴与中国签署一项价值4000亿美元的战略合作协议，为期25年。伊朗和中国的联手将使华盛顿在有效惩罚伊朗方面能做的选择变得十分有限。之所以会出现这种情况，是因为中国认为美国和中国之间可能会脱钩。

 

Rajagopalan K Suryanarayan

The border dispute though should not define the long term relationships of the two nation, is in fact doing the same. China instead of serving the interest of its neighbor, has been doing the same with its distant friends.

India remembers 1962 India China conflict, also 2018 Doklam, and 2020 Galvan Valley incidents

After undergoing excruciating moments, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi had a telephonic conversation with his Indian counterpart to show that China would use diplomatic talks in stead of military means to resolve the border conflict. Wang suggested that China and India should strengthen communication and coordination on properly addressing the border situation and jointly maintain the peace and tranquility in border areas.

虽然边界争端不应该决定两国的长期关系，但实际上就是如此。中国不仅不为邻国着想，还总为远方的友邦出力。

印度还记得1962年的中印冲突、2018年的洞 朗对峙和2020年的加尔万谷事件。

中国外交部长与印度外长进行了电话交谈，表明中国将通过外交谈判而非军事手段来解决边界冲突。中国外长建议中印双方就妥善处理边境局势加强沟通协调，共同维护边境地区的和平与安宁。

 

Bala Senthil Kumar

After such a long and culturally embellished history of this relationship, trust should not be a factor today in 2020.

But trust is the most important element that might make or break this relationship for a long, long time to come. This won’t be decades, and India is in no mood to forget the 1962 betrayal

China is an expansionist power, and India is a development oriented partnership power. The two nations have different ambitions. India never questioned China’s hegemony in the East China Sea or the South China sea, where China has antagonised a lot of nations, and now India is sending very clear messages that the Malacca Strait may be a showdown point if push comes to shove.

India has decoupled emotion from a relationship for the first time in Indian history. Even with India’s gross disagreements with Pakistan, there is always a fig leaf somewhere. This is because we know the people of Pakistan aren’t that different from Indian people, and there are people there that want the same things as us Indians.

With China, their deep state controls so much that we have very poor soft power extensions with its people. There is no emotional bond with China. This is not India’s fault and it is not the fault of Chinese people’s either, but this is reality

But most tellingly, 59% of Indians want war with China to settle whatever disputes we have currently, according to a Mood of the Nation survey. 59%!! India is no longer that peaceful, peace promoting, all bearing nation anymore.

中美关系经历了如此漫长和文化粉饰的历史，在2020年的今天，信任不应该成为一个关键因素。

但在未来很长一段时间里，信任是决定这段关系成败的最重要因素。也许要持续几十上百年的时间，印度也不会忘记1962年的背叛

中国是大国，印度是以发展为目标的伙伴关系大国。这两个国家有着不同的野心。印度从未质疑过中国在东海或南海的霸权，中国在那里与许多国家发生了摩擦对立，而现在印度释放出了非常明确的信息，即如果事态严重，马六甲海峡可能会成为对决地点。

印度历史上首次将情感与两国关系剥离开。尽管印度与巴基斯坦存在严重分歧，但在某些地方总会遮遮掩掩。这是因为我们知道巴基斯坦人民和印度人民并没有什么本质不同，那里的有些人和我们印度人想要一样的东西。

对中国来说，他们的国家控制太根深蒂固了，所以我们对中国人民的软实力影响十分有限。我们与中国没有情感联系。这不是印度的错，也不是中国人的错，但这是现实问题。

最能说明问题的是，根据国家情绪调查，59%的印度人希望与中国开战，解决当前的争端。59% ! !印度不再是一个和平、促进和平、承担责任的国家。