特斯拉冲击印度的电动汽车梦：我们需要“强迫”政策？ [印度媒体]

Teslashock for India's EV dream: Do we need a 'bulldoze' policy?

特斯拉冲击印度的电动汽车梦：我们需要“强迫”政策？



Tesla had said inJune that it was exploring with government officialsin Shanghai the possibility of opening a facility to build electric vehicles for the Chinese market.

特斯拉在六月份曾表示，其正在与上海政府探索合作的可能性，在中国建厂开发针对中国市场的电动汽车。

NEWDELHI: India got a rude shock when electric-car maker Tesla Inc recentlyfinalised a deal to build its own manufacturing plant in China. For months,Tesla had been exploring to set up a plant in India. The news should wake upthe Indian government that wants all the cars in the country to be electric in13 years—and has announced it would do whatever it takes to meet that target.

新德里: 当电动汽车制造商特斯拉最近敲定了在中国建立制造工厂的交易时，印度对此无比震惊。几个月来，特斯拉一直在寻求在印度设立一家工厂。印度政府原希望可以在13年内将全国所有的汽车都电动汽车，并宣布将不惜一切代价实现这一目标，而这条新闻应该唤醒印度政府了。

India has set for itself an ambitious target of having only electric cars by2030. Recently, Union road transport and highways minister Nitin Gadkari spokeof bulldozing his way to the target at the annual convention of the Society ofIndian Automobile Manufactures (SIAM). "We should move towards alternativefuel. I am going to do this, whether you like it or not. And I am not going toask you. I will bulldoze it," Gadkari said.

印度已经为自己设定了一个雄心勃勃的目标，即到2030年只拥有电动汽车。最近，印度交通部长尼丁·贾德卡里在印度汽车制造商协会（SIAM）的年度大会上谈到，他将清除一切阻碍，实现最后的目标。“我们应该向可替代燃料转型。不管你们喜不喜欢，我都将这样做。我不会征求你们的意见。我将会把它推翻。”

While theadvanced world moves towards replacing fossil-fuel vehicles with electric ones,India wants to take a leap. The target is, in fact, more daunting than in manyadvanced countries. For example, Britain will ban the sale of new petrol anddiesel cars 10 years after India, from 2040.

在发达国家采取行动，用电动汽车取代化石燃料汽车的同时，印度也想实现一个飞跃。事实上，就是许多发达国家也不敢制定这样高的一个目标。例如，英国将在2040年开始禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，这个时间要比印度计划的时间晚10年。

While infrastructure, scale and technology are big challenges, the biggest itseems is the policy.

尽管基础设施、规模和技术都是巨大的挑战，但最大的挑战似乎是政策。

Citing sources, The Wall Street Journal reported a week ago that electric-carmaker Tesla Inc. had reached an agreement to set up its own manufacturingfacility in China. Tesla struck a deal with Shanghai authorities that wouldmake it the first foreign automaker to build its own plant in China.
据《华尔街日报》报道，一周前，电动汽车制造商特斯拉已经达成一项协议，在中国建立自己的制造工厂。特斯拉与上海当局达成了一项协议，将使其成为首家在中国建立自己工厂的外国汽车制造商。

The Silicon Valley electric carmaker's wholly-owned manufacturing facilitywould be built in Shanghai's free-trade zone and could allow Tesla todramatically lower the cost of its cars in China. China usually requiresforeign automakers to set up joint ventures with local Chinese partners, whichinvolves splitting profits and giving away some technology, though they alsoavoid import tariffs.

这家硅谷电动汽车制造商的全资制造工厂将建在上海的自由贸易区，这可以让特斯拉大幅降低其在华汽车的成本。通常来说，中国都要求外国汽车制造商与中国本土的合作伙伴建立合资企业，这涉及到利润的分割和一些技术的转让，尽管这些企业也能避开进口关税。

Tesla had said in June that it was exploring with government officials inShanghai the possibility of opening a facility to build electric vehicles forthe Chinese market.
特斯拉在六月份曾表示，其正在与上海政府探索合作的可能性，在中国建厂开发针对中国市场的电动汽车。

But Tesla had also considered to build its plant in India.

但是特斯拉也考虑过在印度建厂。

A few months ago, Anand Mahindra, chairman of M&M and India's maverickentrepreneur who is constantly testing boundaries, goaded tesla founder ElonMusk on Twitter. Musk had tweeted about India's resolve to have only electriccars by 2030. Mahindra tweeted, "Time you got out here Elon. You don’twant to leave the whole market to Mahindra, do you? The more the merrier — andgreener.” Musk tweeted back, "Good point :-)"

几个月前，M&M（马恒达集团）的董事长，同时也是印度特立独行的企业家---阿南德-马恒达，一直在Twitter上煽动特斯拉创始人埃隆·马斯克。在马斯克推特了印度决心在2030年之前只拥有电动汽车这个消息后，马恒达就推特说:“埃隆，是时候来这里了。你不想把整个市场留给马恒达吧，不是吗?人越多越好，越环保。马斯克在推特上回复说:“好想法 :-)”

What made Tesla go to China first? The policy. It seems the Indian governmentwas not willing to make an exception for Tesla when it came to the laws thatrequires foreign companies to source 30 per cent of their parts locally.

什么促使特斯拉首先来到中国呢？是政策。似乎印度政府不愿意为特斯拉破例，因为按照法规，外国公司的30%的零部件都需要向本地生产商采购。
Tesla hadinitiated talks with the government to enter India through the single-brandretail route, which comes with several riders including mandatory sourcing ofup to 30% of the value of goods sold in the country. Musk had also tweetedabout the high import duty and sourcing requirements. "In discussions withthe government of India, requesting temporary relief on import penaltiesrestrictions until a local factory is built," he had tweeted on June15. 

特斯拉已开始与印度政府进行谈判，通过单一品牌的零售路线进入印度市场，同时谈判内容还包括强制在印度进行相当于销售货物价值的30%的采购。马斯克还在推特上发布了有关高进口税和采购要求的消息。他在6月15日的推特上写道:“在与印度政府的讨论中，我们要求暂时解除对惩罚性进口关税，直到当地一家工厂建成。”

Last year, Gadkari had visited the Tesla factory in the US. Despite mass appealof Tesla in India and even interest at high levels of government, Tesla choseto set up a plant first in China. That was hardly an illustration of Indiangovernment "bulldozing" its way to the all-electric target of 2030

去年，贾德卡里参观了美国的特斯拉工厂。尽管特斯拉在印度有广泛的吸引力，甚至政府对其也有高度兴趣，但特斯拉还是选择首先在中国设立工厂。印度政府说的要“清除”一切障碍来实现2030年全部汽车转型为电动汽车目标，但是从这看来，并不是如此。



R MURLIDHAR
The wordin the headline "bulldoze" says it all. China is an authoritariansociety, where the mere sight of a ranking member of the Party, can simply say,get out of sight ! and it happens. But in India, we have a "nowhyper" economy, with a free standing Parliament, a free standing of Lawenforcemen, i.e. the courts, freedom of expression, and free press. All thesemean that anyone can question anything, and companies anyway prefer oligrchiesas these countries like China are called. that has be en the bane of India, and the best of India. Choosewhich one you like: theres an option for you here, but not in China......

标题里的“强迫”一词说明一切。中国是一个专权型社会，只要党内的一名高级成员出现，就简单地等同于其他人都要消失在视线范围内! 而且这样的情况时有发生。但在印度，我们有“现在高度发达”的经济，有独立的议会，独立的执法机构，比如说法院，有言论自由和新闻自由。所有这些都意味着，任何人都可以对任何事情提出质疑，而企业更喜欢像中国这样的寡头政治国家。这是印度的在这件事上失败的原因，也是印度最好的方面。选择你喜欢的: 在这里你有选择，但是在中国你没得选。。。
（译注：寡头政治是指富人统治穷人的政治，其对立面是平民政治。）

PraveenChopra
1648Points
Politiciansand bureaucrats will never make decisions till there is something in it forthem.
政治家和官僚们将永远不会做出决定，直到他们在其中有利所图。

SatyanarayanaGavarasana
2226Points
Tesla isnot able to deliver the vehicles in USA. May be it will work in China as boththe people in-charge belong to the same category.

特斯拉无法在美国交付车辆。可能在中国行得通，因为这掌权的双方都属于同一类人。

AscentBrand Communications
69 Points
On whatterms China got the deal need to be uated, We must see this as anopportunity for Indian auto sector you never know the future!

中国是在什么条件下才拿到这项交易还有待考察，我们必须把这看作是印度汽车行业的一个机会，谁都无法预测未来。

SharathKamath
Does author have any details that Indian govt said no to Tesla ?N having afactory in China does not end its chances of Tesla in India. Both countrieswill need more than one factory considering the size & demand. So stopcrying, & being pessimist. 

作者有任何印度政府拒绝特斯拉的细节吗？在中国建厂并不意味着特斯拉就不会在印度建厂。就国家规模和需求来说，印度和中国两国都需要不止一家工厂。所以不要乱叫，不要悲观。

Deepan H
Why willTesla come to India.. which cant even build decent tar roads.. 

特斯拉为什么要去印度建厂啊？印度连条像样的泊油路都没有。。。

Gadkarishould be bulldozed out of the ministry.
交通部长贾德卡里就应该被赶下台。

Dpm Yarr
THIS iswhat makes it difficult to do business in India. Very bureaucratic way ofdecision making. Also a large part of babudom is up in arms against reforms andliberalization as it would mean less avenues to make money through bribes.

这就是生意在印度难做的原因了。非常官僚主义的决策方式。同样，官员中的大部分人反对改革和自由化，因为这意味着通过贿赂来赚钱的途径更少。

SuneilNayagam
Teslastruggling to produce Model 3 No China no Tesla Model 3

特斯拉model 3车型的生产正处于艰难的境地，没有中国就没有特斯拉model 3.
（译者注：model 3是特斯拉的第四款车型，纯电动高性能智能轿车，续航里程可达346km，美国起步价为3.5万美元）

Thomas
If teslais gone its fine there are others like Nissan leaf and many other companiestrying to innovate ____ Tesla is like apple i phone which will lose if theydon''t come to india ____ 

如果特斯拉走了，没关系啊。还有其他想尼桑等其他正在尝试创新的公司啊。特斯拉就像苹果iphone一样，如果他们不来印度，是他们吃亏。

HarshJoshi
Electricvehicles aka battery powered are not going to be viable1. Amount of electricityrequired to charge all the cars they will replace.2. Availability of Lithium tomake batteries for all the electric cars. This will drive cost of batteriesup3. Recycling old batteries4. Range and time taken to chargeBetter alternativeis Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology1.Has better power density compared tobattery2.Faster filling time3. Lesser power to generate Hydrogen existing fuelstations can be converted to generate (using solar power) & dispense4. Safehydrogen cylinders developed by ISRO already in partnership with TataMotors5.Lesser coal burnt to generate Hydrogen compared to charging batteryoperated cars.

电动汽车，也就是用电池提供动力的汽车在未来是不可行的。原因1、给所有电动汽车充电所需的总电量；2、为了制造所有电动汽车的电池，需要的很多锂，锂从哪里来。这将推动电池的成本上升。3、回收旧电池；4、充电的范围和所需的时间。氢燃料电池技术才是更好的替代方法，原因1、比电池有更好的功率密度。2、更快的填充时间；3、小功率就可以产生氢。现有燃料站可以转变成产生(使用太阳能)和分配氢的站点。4、由印度空间研究组织(ISRO)开发出的安全的氢气瓶已经与塔塔汽车合作；5、与电池驱动的汽车相比，所需燃烧的煤炭量更少但是能产生同样的氢气。（译者注：塔汽车公司是印度最大的综合性汽车公司、商用车生产商。塔塔汽车是印度塔塔集团下属的子公司，成立于1945年，全球商用汽车制造商中排名十甲之内，年营业额高达20亿美元。占有印度市场59%的份额。）

Jim J Fox
WRONG inalmost every aspect! H2 fuel cells have made almost ZERO impression on EV''s,for many reasons. Generating, compressing, storing, distributing & fuelingat very high pressures is too costly. Where is the network? Only a few such inJapan & California. Toyota is moving to batteries & Honda has sold atiny number of Mirai FC cars. 

错，几乎说的每一方面都是错误的! 由于多种原因，氢燃料电池对电动汽车的影响几乎为零。比如说，其产生、压缩、储存、分配和加氢站的成本太高。网络在哪里? 在日本和加州只有少数这样的公司。丰田正在转向电池，本田汽车的Mirai氢燃料汽车销量也很少。

SarvajeetSuman
I thinkIndian Automakers should take this opportunity to innovate & grab themarket share before some foreign element does so.

我认为印度的汽车制造商应该抓住这次机会进行革新，在一些外国公司之前抓紧市场份额。

Dev
Manyother companies from the west went to China before coming to India. That''sokay. There''s no need to make it a prestige issue. Tesla will have to come toIndia at some point. Till then, let our domestic players and others work theirway toward EV production lines.

许多西方的公司在进入印度市场之前都会先去中国。没关系啊。也不是多大个事。特斯拉在未来某个时候还会来到印度。在此之前，让我们的国内玩家和其他人朝着电动汽车生产线努力前进。

SomnathDasGupta
What''swrong with Mahindra & Tata''s stepping up to fill in the void ? Why does ithave to be Tesla ? Let us give chance to our indigenous companies first. But atthe same time ensure that they set up adequate R&D and service centres forconstantly improving their offerings so that the Indian customer has the best.

马恒达和塔塔想要填补这一空白怎么了?为什么非得是特斯拉?先把机会让给我们的本土公司吧。但同时要确保他们建立了足够的研发和服务中心，以不断改进他们的产品，使印度客户拥有最好的产品。

SuneilNayagam
Teslafaces labour discord as it ramps up Model 3 production

特斯拉在扩大Model 3生产的过程中面临着劳资纠纷。

SureshKumar
Localsourcing of 30% parts is good and must for India & our economy. We have avery good market. Japanese manufacturers are also shifting to electric cars.Tesla or no Tesla, India will be a big manufacturing hub for electric cars.Nothing to worry...!!!

本地采购30%的零部件对印度和我们的经济来说都是好的、必要的。我们有一个很好的市场。日本制造商也开始转向电动汽车。不管是不是特斯拉，印度都必将成为电动汽车的大型制造中心。没必要担心…! ! !

IndianPatriot
I do not understandthis yellow journalism. Is Tesla the only EV manufacturer? Our Indianmanufacturers have to be given priority. Tesla wants to import most of thecomponents with very low localization. That is not manufacturing, rather it isassembly. Can these writers write something with common sense?

我不理解这本杂志。特斯拉是唯一的电动车制造商吗?我们的印度制造商必须予以优先考虑。特斯拉想尽量避免本土化的同时进口大部分组件。这就不是制造了，而是组装。这些作者能不能写一些有常识的东西?

MK
Ironicallywe moved up 30 in global ranking.. With this news one can imagine where we are.Our systems are paralysed with policies. Forget new businesses we are losingeven IT sector to other countries.

具有讽刺意味的是，我们在全球排名上升了30位。有了这条新闻，人们可以想象我们的地位。我们的系统因政策而瘫痪。别说我们正在失去的新企业了，就是IT业，我们都输给了其他国家。

VerghesePulikottil
Indiansare accustomed to such deadlines and headlines. So do not take that 2030deadline so seriously!

印度人习惯了所谓的最后期限和这样的头条新闻。所以，不要把最后期限2030年这个事太当真!

Fair Mind
No, it isusually the exact opposite. We set deadlines that are too far out, and fail tomake them! That said, in the case of electric cars, India has a desperate needto avoid forex outgo on petroleum products. So the move makes sense.

不，恰恰相反。我们设定的期限太过遥远，而不能实现! 也就是说，以电动汽车为例，印度迫切需要避免在石油产品上的外汇支出。所以这一举动是有道理的。

PoonamDedhia
hopeIndia will levy 250% of duty on chinese imported cars.

希望印度对中国进口汽车征收250%的关税。

SalilShete
So? Chinaalready has a majority of the infrastructure setup to not only build but alsorun Electric Cars. No wonder Tesla wants to setup a manufacturing there. InIndia we don''t even have 24/7 power even after 70 years of Independence

所以呢?中国已经有了大部分基础设施建设，不仅可以用来制造电动汽车，而且可以在公路上驾驶电动汽车。难怪特斯拉想要在那里建立一个工厂。在印度，即使在独立70年之后，我们也没有全部的权力。

HarshPatel
wrongheadline. tesla CEO has said year before that India does not have materialsuppliers, so it is not possible to built plant in india. now, government hasbeen pushing local companies to built electric car, and devlope cheaper costbettery and technology. you can listen nitin gadkhari interview with barkha. ifyou want to blam someone blame congress who did not invest in electronictechnology market.

错误的标题。特斯拉首席执行官多年前曾表示，印度没有原材料供应商，因此在印度建造工厂是不可能的。现在，政府一直在推动当地公司建造电动汽车，并致力于开发更低成本的电池和技术。如果你想要指责某些人，指责国会，指责那些没有投资电子技术市场的人，那就去听听barkha对丁·贾德卡里的采访。

JitendraK
Mahindraengineers accept thd challenge and make better electric car in India...!!!

马恒达的工程师接受挑战，在印度制造更好的电动汽车…! !!

TruthPrevail
There arefar better options on the horizons, three years down the lines there will bevarious Teslas in India. There is no loss. Foreign companies want market aswell as their policies, which is not possible. I only hope India will levy 250%of duty on chinese imported cars.

世界上还有很多更好的选择，三年之后在印度将会有各种各样的特斯拉。没有损失。外国公司想要市场还想要对他们有利的政策，这是不可能的。我只希望印度对中国进口汽车征收250%的关税。

Harry Das
No lossif Tesla was unwilling to source 30% components locally.

如果特斯拉不愿在当地采购30%的零部件，就没有损失。

LSVS
DaimlerBenz will fill the gap. Every one is fast moving in this direction

戴姆勒-奔驰公司将填补这一空白。现在每个公司都在朝着这个方向快速前进。

SanjayChow
MrMahindra, THIS is your opportunity !! Make India the World Leader in ElectricCars !! >>> Best of Luck !

马恒达先生，你的机会来了！！让印度成为全世界电动汽车的领导者吧！！祝你好运！！

Kalpurush
India cannot even manufacture Tesla auto rickshaws due to lack of quality supply chainin next 5 years due to lack of innovation culture & ecosystem in India.

由于印度缺乏创新文化和创新的生态系统，由于在未来5年内缺乏优质供应链，印度还不能生产特斯拉汽车。

Yoshimitsu2318
THE FACTIS WE NEED TO CHANGE POLICY HERE IN INDIA TO GET MORE YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS TOBUILD FACTORIES IN INDIA THE FACT IS POLICY MAKERS NITIN GAKARI AND SENIOR SECMALIK NEED TO CHANGE WHERE IT ALLOWS LOW VOLUME MANUFACTURER TO MATURE THENBECOME BIG IF MORE INDIAN COMPANIES BECOME BIG THE BETTER IT IS FOR INDIA

事实是我们需要改变印度的政策以吸引更多的年轻企业家在印度建厂。事实是决策者尼丁·贾德卡里需要改变, 从而允许低容量制造商逐渐成熟，成长大公司。越多的印度公司成长，对印度来说越好。

Aruun
Time hascome that market may be flooded by low cost tesla duplicates from China as thecosts come down India will be benifitted most.

随着时间的推移，市场可能会被来自中国的低成本特斯拉所淹没。成本降低，印度是最大受益者。

Vivek Jha
Tesla''splan is was to Manufacture and not Drive in India..Indian govt did the rightthing by not bowing down to the bossy deal of Tesla.. its not the end of worldfor India.. there are many tesla''s that will readily agree to Indian market

特斯拉的计划是在印度生产但不面向印度销售。印度政府没有屈服于特斯拉的专横交易，做了正确的选择。这不是印度的末日。有很多特斯拉一样的公司会欣然接受印度市场。

EuananilB
Cronycapitalists like Tatas and Ambanis want big name brands to do jv with them , byinvesting all the money and giving up management control.

像塔塔和安巴尼家族这样的裙带资本家想要通过投资所有的钱并放弃管理控制，和大品牌起做合资企业。