印媒: 通过基因编辑，携带致癌基因的妇女可避免将其遗传给下一代

Woman with oncogene gets it edited out of her babies to end cancer cycle

采用现代技术，携带致癌基因的妇女可避免将癌症基因遗传给下一代

MUMBAI: In the eight years since she found out she carries the cancer-causing BRCA1 mutation, Bengaluru’s SwayamPrabha has obsessed about not passing on the oncogene to her children. On July 20, with the help of modern medical techniques, she gave birth in a south Mumbai hospital to twins who don’t carry the mutation—the first such case in the country.

孟买：在发现自己携带致癌基因BRCA1突变后的8年里，孟加拉人斯瓦伊姆普拉巴一直一门心思想着不把致癌基因传给自己的孩子。7月20日，在现代医疗技术的帮助下，她在孟买南部的一家医院生下了一对双胞胎，这对双胞胎没有携带这种突变——这是印度首例案例。

图片来源：印度时报

“My mother has cancer and her sisters passed away due to it. I have the BRCA1 mutation, increasing my risk of cancer, but this cancer cycle will end with me. My children have been spared,” she told TOI from her room in Jaslok Hospital.

“我母亲得了癌症，她的姐妹们也因此去世了。”我有BRCA1基因突变，增加了我患癌症的风险，但是这个癌症魔咒在我这儿将得以终结。我的孩子们都免受威胁了，”她在贾斯洛克医院的房间里告诉印度时报。

Five years ago, Hollywood actor Angelina Jolie had undergone operations to remove her breasts and ovaries after she was diagnosed with both the BRCA1 (BReastCAncergene) and BRCA2 mutations that heighten the risk of several forms of cancer, particularly breasts and ovaries. Among men, it increases the risk of breast, pancreatic and prostrate cancer.

五年前，好莱坞影星安吉丽娜·朱莉在被诊断出BRCA1(乳腺癌基因)和BRCA2基因突变后，进行了摘除乳房和卵巢的手术。这种基因突变会增加罹患多种癌症的风险，尤其是乳房和卵巢。在男性个体中，它会增加患乳腺癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌的风险。

In Swayam’s case, IVF specialist DrFiruza Parikh and her team of geneticists used pre-implantation genetic testing and transferred only those embryos without the BRCA1 mutation into the 37-year-old’s womb. “With IVF, we managed six embryos for Swayam,” said Parikh who runs the FertilTree-Jaslok International Fertility Centre. While two embryos were not viable, two carried the mutation and the remaining two didn’t.

就斯瓦伊姆而言，体外受精专家弗拉泽帕瑞卡医生和她的遗传学家团队使用了植入前基因测试，只将那些没有BRCA1突变的胚胎移植到这名37岁妇女的子宫中。“通过体外受精，我们为斯瓦伊姆培育了6个胚胎，”负责贾斯洛克国际生育中心的帕瑞卡说，其中两个胚胎无法存活，其中两个携带了突变，而剩下的两个没有问题。

Parikh, who has used PGT to help couples have kids without genetic conditions such as thalassemia, said Swayam’s case is the first in India where the threat posed by oncogenes was removed. “Worldwide, PGT has been used to keep out BRAC1 & 2 genes in roughly 150 cases,” she added.

帕瑞卡通过植入前基因测试技术帮助多对夫妻生下没有遗传病(如地中海贫血病)的孩子。她说，斯瓦伊姆的病例是印度第一个消除了致癌基因威胁的病例。她补充说:“在全世界范围内，有大约150个采用植入前基因测试排除BRAC1 & 2基因的病例。”

Roughly, eight million children are born across the world every year with birth defects due to genetic reasons. “Genetic abnormalities can result from a small mutation in just one gene. But PGT can play a role in preventing birth defects,” said Dr Parikh.

全球每年大约有800万儿童因为遗传原因而导致先天缺陷。帕瑞卡医生称，“基因异常可能由一个基因的小突变引起。但植入前基因测试可以在预防先天缺陷方面发挥作用。”

SwayamPrabha married Bengaluru-based IT professional DebashisPanigrahi in 2010, just a few months before her mother was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. “As my mother’s sisters, cousins and an uncle had cancer, doctors at Tata Memorial Centre in Parel asked me and my siblings to undergo a genetic test for oncogenes,” she said. Only she had the BRCA1 gene and was advised to follow Angelina Jolie-like operations to remove her breasts and ovaries.

2010年，斯瓦伊姆·普拉巴嫁给了孟加拉的IT专业人士德巴希尼亚。就在几个月后，她的母亲被诊断出患有卵巢癌。她说:“由于我母亲的姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹和一个叔叔都得了癌症，帕雷尔的塔塔纪念中心的医生要求我和我的兄弟姐妹进行致癌基因的基因测试。”只有她有BRCA1基因，并被建议采用安吉丽娜·朱莉接受过的那种手术，摘除她的乳房和卵巢。

“I wanted to ensure that my husband’s family has a healthy baby, so I waited before taking such a drastic step,” she said. When she met Parikh for the first time in December 2016, she was advised not to undergo any removal surgery.

她说:“我想让我丈夫的家人拥有一个健康的孩子，所以我在采取激进的措施前一直等待着。”当她在2016年12月第一次见到帕瑞卡时，她被建议不要做任何移除手术。

“Angelina Jolie had both BRCA 1 and BRCA2 genes that increased her chances of cancer. But Swayam only has one mutation and there are chances that she won’t get cancer despite the mutation,” said Parikh.

安吉丽娜·朱莉拥有BRCA 1和BRCA2基因，这增加了她患癌症的几率。但是斯瓦伊姆只有一个突变，她仍有可能不会罹患癌症，”帕瑞卡说。

When contacted, Ahmedabad-based Dr Manish Banker, former president of the Indian Society for Assisted Reproduction (ISAR), said PGD/T are done by only a handful of IVF centres in urban areas. “Five years back, PGD cost double of what it does now at Rs 15,000-20,000 per embryo. It increases the chances of a pregnancy in IVF cycles, and is advisable if the woman is older,” said Dr Baker, adding that he uses the technique roughly 80 times a year.

在联系到印度辅助生殖协会(ISAR)前主席曼尼什·班克博士时，他说，植入前基因测试仅能在少数几个城市的试管婴儿中心进行。“五年前，植入前基因测试的成本是现在的两倍，即每个胚胎15000 - 20000卢比。这增加了试管受精周期中怀孕的几率，如果妇女年龄较大，这是可取的。”

Mumbai-based IVF specialist DrAmeetPatki, former ISAR secretary-general, said PGD/T is helpful for parents whose child could have an incapacitating disease such as Down’s Syndrome or Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy. “Using PGD for BRCA mutations is a grey zone,” he said.

位于孟买的试管婴儿专家阿密特帕特基医生，前ISAR秘书长，说植入前基因测试对于那些可能生育残疾子女的父母是有帮助的，比如唐氏综合症或者杜氏肌营养不良。“使用植入前基因测试治疗BRCA突变是一个灰色地带，”他说。

印度时报网友评论：

原创翻译：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/45676.html 译者：Joyceliu

外文：https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/woman-with-oncogene-gets-it-edited-out-of-her-babies-to-end-cancer-cycle/articleshow/65181957.cms

Ved Singh

Gene editing is very different from Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis(PGD). PGD for single gene disorders is a well established technology worldwide. This was PGD. Gene editing using CHRSPER technology is possible but highly controversial and never been done in humans.

基因编辑与植入前遗传学诊断有很大的不同。植入前基因测试治疗单基因疾病是一项世界范围内公认的技术。采用CHRSPER技术进行基因编辑是可能的，但争议很大，而且从未在人类身上进行过。

 

ONE LINER Challenge-2 hours ago-Follow

FRANKLY IN AN OVER POPULATED COUNTRY SHE COULD HAVE ADOPTED AND STOP SPREADING THE GENE.WHY BRING IN 2 MORE AN·D BE PROUD OF IT.

坦白地说，在一个人口过多的国家，她本可以收养儿童并停止这种基因的传播。为什么要多生育两个孩子，并为此感到自豪呢?

 

DR.MAHADEVAN IYER-4 hours ago-Follow

agreed
this is not crisp R for editing the gene.
this is just finding out whether an abnormal gene is present and deleting those that have the abnormal gene
BUT MIND YOU, EVEN THIS IS A FANTASTIC FEAT

同意

这并不是编辑基因。

这只是检查是否携带异常基因，并删除那些有异常基因的基因

但请注意，即使是这也是一项了不起的壮举

 

MrBoobs-Right Here-5 hours ago-Follow

India should go through gene adjustment and eidtCOngress, Pappu, Sonia, Mooslees, Chirstian missionaries, Commies, mamta and the rest of the anti India elements out of its system

印度应该通过基因调整，把国大党、拉胡尔、索尼娅、穆斯林、基督传教士、共党分子、玛玛塔和其他反印度分子消灭掉

 

Amlan-25 mins ago-Follow

It's not gene editing though, but a good step nonetheless. More people should seek for healthier babies.

这不是基因编辑，但这是一个很好的进步。更多的人应该寻求更健康的婴儿。

 

RohitKhosla-10 mins ago-Follow

Yo. There is no gene editing. It is impossible for humans as of now. What they did was selecting the embryo without the genetic fault and carrying it to delivery. Once with the fault were terminated.

哟。没有基因编辑。就现在而言，对人类来说还是不可能实现的。他们所做的就是在没有遗传缺陷的情况下选择胚胎并将其分娩出来。一旦发现有问题就终止。

 

GireeshThampy-31 mins ago-Follow

Wow! Advancement in science and the advantages of the sameð

哇！科学的发展和优势

 

Zak-38 mins ago-Follow

indulging and experimenting with nature and its cycle can never benifit mankind. may god bless the mother and children.

沉溺于自然及其生命轮回的试验，永远不会造福人类。愿神明保佑母亲和孩子们。

 

Vijay Banga-new delhi-42 mins ago-Follow

On paper editing of genes is called sub editing. Now this will have to be seen over at least 25 years to find effectiveness

在论文中对基因的编辑称为替代编辑。还需要至少25年的时间才能得到有效运用。

 

Kiran Kumar-Mumbai-47 mins ago-Follow

Interesting. Similar to editing out the BRCA1 mutation can we get the "BJP-Bhakti mutation" edited out from all the comment sections too.

有趣。就像编辑BRCA1突变基因一样，我们也可以在所有的评论区中找到“人民党突变”。

 

Human-Earth-2 hours ago

As mentioned by DrIyer it is just selection of correct embryo. This hospital who is earning huge money can they use this to remove the genetic Sickle Anemia gene from tribal region? That will help those people to gt out of horrible disease. Do some good work in addition earning money from rich people

正如爱耶医生提到的，这只是选择正确的胚胎。这家赚了大钱的医院能不能用这个技术去除部落地区的镰状贫血基因?那将帮助那些人摆脱可怕的疾病。除了从富人那里赚钱之外，也做点好事吧。

 

telveer-Hyderabad-3 hours ago-Follow

This is not gene editing. This is selection of supposedly defect free embryos from a viable pool.

这不是基因编辑。这是从一个可存活的胚胎中选择无缺陷胚胎。

 

AditiNometrics-Potomac, MD-3 hours ago-Follow

This Dr is ssscamming people. There is no cheaper way to verify this yet. Plus, this gene editing tools to be used on humans r yrs away.

这位医生是骗子。目前还没有更便宜的方法来验证这一点。此外，这种基因编辑工具要用在在人类身上，恐怕还需要很多年的时间。

 

AditiNometrics-Potomac, MD-3 hours ago-Follow

This is afffake operation and news. Anyone fimiliar with CRISPR or gene editing knows that its 10-20 yrs away from adult human experiment, let alone try it on babies.

这是假手术和新闻。任何一个熟悉基因编辑技术的人都知道，这项技术距离在成年人身上做实验还需要10-20年的时间，更不用说在胎儿身上进行试验了。

 

Suryanarayana Krishnamurthy-7 mins ago-Follow

I hope the problem has been solved once for all. God bless her.

我希望这个问题已经彻底解决了。神保佑她。

 

Aafreen Sheikh-7 mins ago-Follow

Science for the better of mankind..kudos

科学为人类造福。

 

krishnanandtewari-Bhilai-9 mins ago-Follow

Historical day indeed!

这是具有历史意义的一天!

 

Rohandhotre-15 mins ago-Follow

Great achievement !!keep it up

伟大的成就! !继续努力吧。

 

AM PM-44 mins ago-Follow

Good news.

好消息。

 

SudhansuSekhar Das-1 hour ago-Follow

Technology is giving us the right result.

技术正在给我们带来好的结果。

 

Bonny Moraes-Goa-47 mins ago-Follow

My hats off to this woman.Very good and brave decision. I had often wondered why an errant gene cannot be removed at birth itself. Many of my friends (none of them doctors) told me that it was a grey area and any correction may lead to unknown complications. I left at that. And today I am happy.

我向这个女人脱帽致敬。这是非常好、非常勇敢的决定。我一直都想知道，为什么一个错误的基因不能在出生时被去除。我的许多朋友(没有一个是医生)告诉我，这是一个灰色地带，任何矫正都可能导致未知的并发症。今天我很开心。

 

Meghana-1 hour ago-Follow

She is a brahmakumari nonsense, muslimbetwali from dedh lane. Dr. Phiroza forces women for IVF even when they can reproduce. She will remove cancer and put mentally retardation injections to the babies. She and Duru Shah have done so much nonsense in name of research since 1971.

她这全是胡言乱语，她就是个穆斯林。菲罗萨医生强迫女性接受试管受精，即使她们自己就可以生育。她将除去癌症，给婴儿注射弱智药物。1971年以来，她和杜鲁·沙阿为了研究的名义做了那么多的无聊的事。

 

Umesh-Others-1 hour ago-Follow

Technology is available but banned, by editing DNA one can choose all the features of a child to be born like singing, sports looks etc..

技术是可行的，但被禁止使用，通过编辑DNA，你可以选择一个孩子的所有特长，像唱歌，体育运动等等。

 

SalomiAladia-2 hours ago-Follow

This is an extraordinary achievement. The babies have been spared the breast cancer gene. Anyone who understands science and has read the article knows that PGD and not CRISPR has been used. We should congratulate Dr. Parikh and FertilTreeJaslokratherthan rush with opinions on a technology that has not been used!

这是一个超凡的成就。这些婴儿没有携带乳腺癌基因。任何理解科学并读过这篇文章的人都知道使用了植入前基因测试而不是基因编辑技术。我们应该向帕瑞卡医生和费尔蒂尔特雷贾萨斯克拉森医生表示祝贺!

 

KAMAL CHHABRA-2 hours ago-Follow

Simply unbelievable that how modern techniques can help in making life of the generations to come disease free from genetic disorders.

令人难以置信的是，现代技术竟然可以如此厉害，帮助后代摆脱遗传疾病的困扰。

 

Indiankitty-2 hours ago-Follow

This technique is in its initial phase. While breast cancer is avoided, only time will tell what other diseases these kids suffer later in life.

这项技术还处于初始阶段。虽然乳腺癌是避免了，但只有时间才能验证这些孩子在以后的生活中还会患上哪些疾病。

 

Maverick-New Delhi-6 hours ago-Follow

Miracle of modern medicine

这是现在医学的奇迹

 

pd-kan-6 hours ago

Good luck. You never know what been fixed in the editing process. Wait until the teen is reached. watch it over

祝你好运。你永远都不会知道基因编辑过程中修正了什么。等到孩子长大一点再看看