为什么印度买了3艘航母，为什么中国没有买

Why did India buy 3 aircraft carriers but China didn't buy any?

为什么印度购买了3艘航母，而中国没有购买?

QUORA网站读者评论：

来源：三泰虎     http://www.santaihu.com/45987.html      译者：Joyceliu

外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Why-did-India-buy-3-aircraft-carriers-but-China-didnt-buy-any

Shavan Bhattacharjee, A practical Indian

The purpose of having an aircraft carrier is for two reasons

拥有航空母舰的目的有两个原因

1.Power projection

2.Alternate arm of attack

1、展示实力

2、攻击武器的替代品

China for a long time until the 1980's or even till mid-1990's focused on building their own country rather than focusing on projecting their power overseas. Now since the last decade as they have grown economically and is now a dominant force in world economics, they have developed an expansionist ambition (Not to be confused with invasion) which is evident from the man made islands being constructed by them and their love-hate relationship with Japan, Vietnam, Philippines and their claims of the South China Sea. To keep controls over these aspects of foreign policy, they need to project force and hence usage of aircraft carriers are essentials. Also, they do recognize the threat of the American fleets operating closeby. Such assets can pose a direct challenge to the Americans. The Chinese ambition is only set to grow.

中国在很长一段时间里，直到20世纪80年代甚至90年代中期，都专注于建设自己的国家，而不是把精力集中在海外。现在过去十年以来他们已经在经济上成为世界经济的主导力量,他们已经展现出一种扩张野心(不要跟入侵混淆)，他们建造的人工岛屿就是证据，他们与日本、越南、菲律宾存在爱恨交加的关系，中国还宣称对南海拥有主权。为了保持外交政策对这些方面的控制，他们需要展现武力，因此航空母舰的使用是必要的。同时，他们也意识到了美国舰队在附近作战的威胁。这类武器可能对美国构成直接挑战。中国的野心只会越来越大。

On the other hand, when India was divided we had hostilities only with Pakistan which flanked us on both sides - East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan.  Due to the hostilities and the wars which we had fought with them, it was essential for India to have a safe sea route to ensure that Indian interests were not affected by the Pakistani navy in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea. Hence, India acquired its first aircraft carrier which proved its worth in the 1971 India-Pakistan war.

另一方面，当印度分裂时，我们只与巴基斯坦敌对，巴基斯坦位于我们两侧——东巴基斯坦(现在是孟加拉国)和西巴基斯坦。印度必须有一条安全的海上路线，以确保印度的利益不受巴基斯坦海军在孟加拉湾或阿拉伯海的影响。因此，印度获得了第一艘航空母舰，在1971年印巴战争中证明了其价值。

At a later stage, India acquired the 2nd aircraft carrier due to the growing American interests and presence in the region which was not in India's interests. This acquisition was more to project a deterence rather than fight a war. In addition to this India also needed a 2nd carrier since India is flanked by 2 large sea fronts on either side.

后来，由于美国在该地区的利益和存在越来越多，印度获得了第二艘航空母舰，而这并不符合印度的利益。这次收购更多的是为了表明决心，而不是开战。除此之外，印度也确实需要第二艘航母，因为印度两侧都有两条大的海上战线。

The third one was acquired from Russia as we had to retire one of our aging aircraft carriers and India always needs two operating aircraft carriers  for both of the sea sides. We are currently builting India's 4th aircraft carrier and should be commissioned in the next 2-3 years.

第三艘航母是从俄罗斯购买的，因为我们的一艘老化的航空母舰要退役，而印度在这两个海域都需要两艘可以操作的航空母舰。我们目前正在建造印度的第四艘航空母舰，应该可以在未来2-3年内投入使用。

A 5th carrier will be rolled out for contruction in one of the shipping yards in India in 2017 and the focus mainly will be to track the Indian Ocean region. So we will have 3 carriers in each of the sea boards.

2017年，印度第5艘航母将在其中一处造船厂进行建造，重点将放在印度洋地区。所以我们在每个海岸都有3艘航母。

 

 

Rahul Funde, studied at Thakur College of Engineering and Technology

Because for India aircraft carriers are sign of power and for China Aircraft carrier is sitting duck.

因为对印度来说，航空母舰是实力的象征，而对中国来说，航空母舰是极易被攻击的武器。

Let's not go long back in history, A simple answer Here is how.

让我们回到近代历史，看看简单的答案。

After independence India asked lord Mountbatten to be first Governor General of India. He was the same person who went on to became the first sea lord of UK. and that guy was genius. He helped India to make. He knew that somewhere in the future this country will to carry Indian ocean on it's back. And he was right.

独立后，印度要求蒙巴顿勋爵成为印度第一任总督。他就是后来成为英国第一任海神的那个人。那家伙是个天才。他帮助印度制造航母。他知道，在未来的某个时候，这个国家会把印度洋夺回来。他是对的。

Today India has to keep Pakistan at corner, Iran and other gulf state at peace and the same fight Somalian pirates and carry out evacuation operations like we carried out Yemen crisis. And also India might have to visit Indonesia/ Australia/ other South China sea nations and other states for goodwill visit.

今天，印度必须让巴基斯坦处于困境，让伊朗和其他海湾国家保持和平，同时打击索马里海盗，并像我们在也门危机时做的那样展开撤离行动。此外，印度可能需要对印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、其他南海国家和其他国家进行友好访问。

And for this kind of purposes submarines are useless. You need a surface fleet to show power and dominance.

对于这种目的，潜艇无能为力。你需要一个水面舰队来展示实力和优势。

Where as for China it took them decades to appoint first naval chief. They had to keep those small nations in South China Sea at check, and the same time make sure Russian Navy stays away from eastern Chinese coast.

至于中国，他们花了几十年才任命了第一任海军司令。他们必须控制南海上的小国，同时确保俄罗斯海军远离中国东海岸。

And now they have to make sure that 7th fleet doesn't trouble them( they can't make 11 aircraft carriers) and the same make sure that Indian aircraft carrier don't make a goodwill visit to their shores. (Obviously India is not making 3 aircraft carrier only for Indian Ocean). So they don't need more carriers but a powerful fleet of subs, warships, frigates, destroyers that can be equipped with carrier killer (Real. Not the Df21).

现在他们必须确保第七舰队不会找他们麻烦(他们不能制造11艘航空母舰)，同时确保印度航空母舰不会对他们的海岸进行友好访问。(很明显，印度并不是只为印度洋造3艘航空母舰)。所以他们不需要更多的航母，而需要一支强大的潜艇舰队，军舰，护卫舰，驱逐舰，来装备航母杀手。真的，东风21还不够。

And they already have all of it.

他们已经拥有了一切。

In short when it comes to navy, India is USA and China is Soviet Union. Both had a different class but both are world class.

简言之，说到海军，印度是美国，中国是苏联。他们都有不同的等级，但都是世界级的。

 

Gabriel Chan, Overseas Chinese（華僑）

China and India has different needs for a naval force and pursue different paths. 

中国和印度对海军的需求不同，走的道路也不尽相同。

China is more interested in building a deterrence force and since their most power adversary is on paper the United States and Japan who are overwhelmingly powerful in surface fleet and naval air arms, China has chosen asymmetrical response by investing in submarines. And Chinese submarines have proven to be very effective, surfacing in the middle of a US carrier group on at least two publicly known occasions. Chinese stealthy submarines are an excellent deterrent since they are nowhere, and everywhere.

中国更感兴趣的是建立威慑力量，因为他们最强大的对手是名义上的美国和日本，这两个国家在水面舰队和海军空中武器方面拥有压倒性的实力，因此中国通过投资潜艇做出了不对称的回应。事实证明，中国的潜艇非常有效，至少有两次在公开场合出现在美国航母群的中间。中国隐形潜艇是一种极好的威慑力量，因为它们神出鬼没，无处不在。

China has an aircraft carrier now, and is taking baby steps to figuring out how it works. The Chinese carrier Liaoning is most valuable as a floating university (for learning naval aviation) rather than a floating military airfield.

中国现在有了一艘航空母舰，并且正在逐步搞清楚它是如何运作的。中国辽宁号航母最有价值的地方是作为一所浮动大学(用于学习海军航空)，而不是一个浮动军用机场。

Carriers also provide India with an additional vector of attack if it ever needs to fight Pakistan again.

如果印度需要再次与巴基斯坦作战，航空母舰也会为印度提供额外的攻击载体。

As to difficulty of buying carriers: one does not simply buy one. India basically is everyone's friend and markets itself at best as a victim of aggression and at worse a harmless regional power. China is a red flag (literally): it avoids political alliances (ie isolated) and is the West's number one enemy since the fall of the Soviet Union

至于购买航母的困难:一个国家不能简单地购买航母。印度基本上是所有国家的朋友，最好的情况是把自己当作侵略的受害者，更糟糕的是，它是一个无害的地区大国。中国是一面红旗(字面意思):它避免政治联盟(孤立)，是自苏联以来西方的头号敌人

 

 

Anonymous

India now has only one carrier :

印度现在只有一艘航母:

List of aircraft carriers by country - Wikipedia. After one is decommissioned ,the other carrier entered into service .

中国航空母舰清单-维基百科。其中一艘退役后，另一艘开始服役。

Originally built as a “heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser” for the Soviet Navy, the ship was laid down as the Riga and renamed theVaryag in 1990. A Chinese travel agency purchased the unfinished hull in 1998, and three years later the ship was towed from the Ukraine to China, where it underwent extensive modernization of its hull, radar, and electronics systems. After years of refits, the Liaoning was commissioned into the PLAN in September 2012 as a training ship unassigned to any of the Navy’s three major fleets. Two months after the ship was commissioned, the PLAN conducted its first carrier-based takeoff and landings. Although it might be several years before a carrier air regiment is fully integrated into the PLAN, it was reported inNovember 2016 that the Liaoning is now combat ready.

这艘航母最初是为苏联海军建造的“重型载机巡洋舰”，1990年被命名为里加号，并更名为瓦良格号。1998年，一家中国旅行社购买了这艘未完工的汉沽船体，三年后，这艘船被从乌克兰拖到中国，在那里它经历了船体、雷达和电子系统的大规模现代化。经过多年的改装后，辽宁舰于2012年9月被编入解放军。在该航母服役两个月后，解放军进行了第一次舰载飞机的起飞和降落。尽管航母联队完全融入解放军可能还需要几年时间，但2016年11月有报道称辽宁舰已经做好了战斗准备。

 

Greg Blandino, works at Beijing, China

China bought one and hasn’t built any. India has purchased three and built one. Both countries are now switching to domestic production as “buying” aircraft carriers will be less and less feasible as the number of old, usable aircraft carriers on the market declines. This question is based on a false premise.

中国购买了一艘航母，但还没有开始自己建造航母。印度已经购买了三艘，并建造了一艘。两国目前都在转向本国生产，因为随着市场上可用的旧航母数量下降，“购买”航母的可行性将越来越小。这个问题是基于一个错误的前提。

Both countries plan on making a conventionally-powered EMALS CATOBAR carrier, India will be making the INS Vishal and China will be making another ski-jump carrier before trying their hand at an EMALS CATOBAR carrier.

两国都计划制造一艘常规动力的电磁弹射起飞航母，印度将制造INS Vishal，中国将制造另一艘助飞斜坡航母，然后再尝试制造一艘电磁弹射起飞航母。

All in all, it would seem India and China are about neck and neck in the carrier race, with India having more historical experience operating carriers both in peacetime and in combat.

总而言之，印度和中国在航母竞赛中似乎势均力敌，印度在平时和实战中都有更多的航母操作经验。

 

Sreeraman Pj, former Automation Engineer at Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (2017)

China may not be buying carriers but certainly is building some.India has sudden needs and hence has got some carriers quickly. The Chinese are not in a hurry to get carriers from other countries etc.I suspect the chinese are trying for a technological advanced heavy carriers/super carriers which can carry a host of aircraft for a variety of purposes.Unlike their current carrier,Indigenous nuclear super carrier will take lot of time to build.

中国可能不会购买航母，但肯定会自己建造一些。印度突然有了需求，因此很快就有了一些航母。中国人并不急于从其他国家获得航母，我想中国人是在尝试一种技术先进的重型/超级航母，可以承载多种用途的飞机。与目前的航母不同，国产核超级航母的建造需要大量时间。

 

Surendra Singh Bhadauria, works at Business

China has no enemy in the world. But India is suffering from terrorism neighbouring countries attacks, proxy war since it's independence. China has time to develop own technologies and equipments. Indian enemies have no global responsibly for the world. Everyone knows a weak person uses his most powerful arm first. Indian enemies and terrorist are strategically weak and having no or unstable government so They can use their most powerful arm ie, nuclear bomb against India. To demoralise such elements india have to gain power either by developing its technology or by purchasing it. Therefore India bought aircraft career.

中国在当今世界上没有敌人。但印度正遭受邻国的恐怖袭击，这是独立以来的代理人战争。中国有时间发展自己的技术和设备。印度的敌人对世界没有责任感。每个人都知道弱者会优先使用他最强大的手臂。印度的敌人和恐怖分子在战略上是弱小的，没有或只有不稳定的政府，所以他们可以使用他们最强大的武器，比如核弹来对付印度。为了打击这些因素，印度必须通过研发技术或购买技术来获得力量。因此，印度购买了航母。

India is gaining power for its defence not for attack.

印度获得力量是为了防御而不是进攻。

 

Jefferson Yin

In fact, China can save much money by building her own aircraft carrier. The reason for this is due to the differences between the Chinese and Indian industrial systems, which the former cannot support, while China can. That is also the reason why India always keeps a large number of different types of weapons, for the usage of one piece of weaponry means losing another.

事实上，中国可以通过建造自己的航空母舰节省很多钱。原因在于中国和印度的工业体系不同，前者无法支持，而中国可以。这也是印度一直拥有大量不同类型武器的原因，因为使用一种武器就意味着失去另一种武器。

I regret to say that the Indian industrial system still has a long way to go. Indeed only several coutries in the world have the technology to afford producing their own aircraft carriers.

我很遗憾地说，印度的工业体系还有很长的路要走。事实上，世界上只有几个国家拥有制造自己航空母舰的技术。

 

Julie Chu, Missing hometown food

China has bought one, the Liaoning aircraft carrier, it's now in Chinese navy.

中国已经购买了一艘辽宁号航母，现在在中国海军服役。

When this Russian aircraft arrived in China, it was a half-completed project.

当这架俄罗斯航母抵达中国时，它还是一艘半成品。

China will continue to build new aircraft carriers, don't need to buy.

中国将继续建造新的航母，不需要购买。

 

Ameya Rao, Political & Defense Analyst

Question: Why did India buy 3 aircraft carriers but China didn't buy any?

问:为什么印度购买了3艘航母，而中国没有购买?

Navy (or military for that matter) is not a child's play. "I want the same toy what my friends have" - this doesn't work. For example US has over a dozen aircraft carriers because they have aggressive and offensive operations across the globe far away from their home country. Hence they need a floating airbase. Another e.g. the gigantic land mass of Russia itself is a natural aircraft carrier. Why would they need any further?

海军(或军事)不是小孩子的游戏。“我想要和我朋友一样的玩具”——这行不通。例如，美国拥有十多艘航空母舰，因为它们在远离本土的世界各地都有进攻性的行动。因此他们需要一个浮动的空军基地。另一个例子是俄罗斯本身巨大的陆地是一艘天然航空母舰。他们为什么还需要更多?

Now coming to India and China - India actually doesn't have any global operations or ambitions. I don't know why it needs so many aircraft carriers. Probably they are influenced by/mimicking the US. India should ideally invest heavily in SSBNs (nuclear submarines) (armed with SLBMs) so as to have a complete nuclear triad.

现在我们谈谈印度和中国,印度实际上没有任何全球布局或野心。我不知道为什么需要这么多航母。他们可能受了美国的影响。印度最好在核潜艇装备上大量投资，以便拥有一个完整的核能三剑客。

China doesn't have any offensive operations around the world either. So even if it doesn't invest in carriers it's fine! FYI - China has invested heavily in SSBNs and already has a complete nuclear triad.

中国没有在世界各地实施进攻行动。所以即使它不投资航母也没关系!中国已经在核潜艇上投入巨资，并且已经有了一个完整的核能三剑客了。

 

Vilas Kulkarni, works at Government

China aims none other country than India, Its all three forces are enough strong stronger than Indian forces, China has possessed more than 8000 fighter planes that is more than sufficient to deal with,India,and the more It can use Pakistani aerodromes and air bases in case of emergency even its forces too, but India is alone, Alone it has to face and its internal conditions well known to the world,our own people will assist our enemies

中国并没有针对包括印度在内的其他国家，中国的三军足够强大，强于印度军队,中国已经拥有超过8000名战斗机，应付印度绰绰有余，而且在紧急情况下还可以使用巴基斯坦位于萨玛拉州和空军基地，甚至军队,但印度是孤独的，需要独自应战，印度国内的情况已经众所周知，我们自己的人会帮助我们的敌人

 

Davy Ray, Instructor at University of Oregon (2001-present)

China did purchase an unfinished carrier from Ukraine (formerly of the Soviet Union) it is now operational but it’s already so old that it’s likely only going to serve as a training vessel. They are currently building a modern carrier.

中国的确从乌克兰(前苏联)购买了一艘尚未完工的航母，目前正在服役，但它已经太老了，可能只会用作训练船。他们目前正在建造一艘现代化的航母。

 

Sudhakar Gaitonde, Artist (stained glass, oils), club racer (vintage cars), pilot (ASEL)

China is the world's biggest technology thief. It's hackers are constantly drilling into servers of top US and British universities to steal the latest research.

中国是世界上最大的科技窃贼。黑客不断侵入美国和英国顶尖大学的服务器，窃取最新研究成果。

So now why did India buy 3 aircraft carriers? We have 3 seas - Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian ocean. One for each.

那么为什么印度要购买3艘航空母舰呢?我们有三个海域-孟加拉湾，阿拉伯海和印度洋。一个还配备一艘航母。

We also have underwater submarine based aircraft carriers. These are deadly and silent nuclear subs with international ballistic missiles. However their main purpose is to hold 100 planes each kept in launch ready state. These are regular human operated jets, not drones.

我们还有水下潜艇航母。这些都是具有国际弹道导弹的致命和无声的核潜艇。然而，它们的主要目的是容纳100架飞机，每架都保持在发射准备状态。这些是普通的有人驾驶的喷气式飞机，不是无人机。

An aircraft carrier is used to recover submarine launched planes. Else they land on terra firma.

航空母舰被用来回收潜艇发射的飞机。否则它们得降落在陆地上。

3 carriers provide a visible distraction. The enemy is monitoring its movements and wasting resources. The real work is happening elsewhere - Underground, underwater or deep space.

3艘航母可以分散敌人的注意力。敌人监视它的行动，浪费资源。真正的攻击发生在其他地方——地下、水下或外太空。

Like the Viet Cong who constructed a 300 km network of underground tunnels and defeated the US, 5000 km of Indian tunnels deep in the himalayas enable crossing over into China without a sweater.

就像越共建造了300公里长的地下隧道网络，打败了美国一样，在喜马拉雅山深处修建了5000公里的印度隧道，可以不费吹灰之力进入中国。

All Chinese communication happens over stolen encryption protocols. The keys to it are written by Indians.

所有的中文通讯都是通过被窃取的加密协议进行的。破解的密钥是印度人写的。

Chinese data is encrypted. When they need to work on it its de-crypted. And thereby compromised.

中国的数据是加密的。当他们需要对它进行处理时，它就会被解除密码。从而被盗。

Indian communication and data is worked upon in an 100% encrypted state. This tech. is shared with the US and Russia. (Shared, not sold. So they stay obliged to us temporarily.)

印度的通信和数据是在100%加密的状态下处理的。这项技术与美国和俄罗斯共享。(共享,而不是出售。所以他们暂时对我们很感激。）

Chinese and friends chapter

中国和朋友章

10,000 BC - China 0 friends, India 10

公元前10000年的今天，中国0个朋友，印度10个

China discovers silk. And wonders which part of the worm can be eaten.

中国发现了丝绸。不知道蚕的哪一部分可以被吃掉。

India writes Vedas (version 1 million), making silk sarees, debates advanced maths and astrology.

印度写吠陀经(版本100万)，制作丝绸纱丽，辩论高等数学和占星术。

A princess sues Susruta over a botched plastic surgery. He pays and commits everything to a written medium.

一位公主起诉苏斯邋遢做了一次拙劣的整形手术。他向书面媒体坦承了一切。

5000 BC - China 0, India 20

公元前5000年——中国0，印度20

China discovers paper making. India decides paper is ephemeral and continues using copper plates and stones.

中国发现造纸术。印度认为纸容易消失，继续使用铜板和石头。

2000 BC China 0 friends, India 30

公元前2000年中国0个朋友，印度30个

China discovers paper fans making. India wonders what is Buddha.

中国发现了纸扇制造技术。印度则思考什么是佛陀。

1000 BC China 0, India 40

公元前1000年中国0，印度40

China discovers fire crackers. Indians supply them saltpeter and suggests making gunpowder is better than pretty crackers.

中国发明了烟花爆竹。印度人向他们提供硝石，并建议制造火药比制造爆竹更好。

1000 AD - China 0, India 50

公元1000年，中国0，印度50

China sulks in misery like a wet goat. Mongols are just warming up.

中国在痛苦中生闷气，就像一只湿漉漉的山羊。蒙古人正在热身。

India is a melting pot of world cultures. Raja Raja Chola conquers south east Asia. In his free time.

印度是世界文化的大熔炉。拉贾·拉贾·乔拉征服了东南亚。

Genghis gets his permission to occupy China. Together they agree that they won't interfere in each other's matters.

成吉思汗占领中国。他们同意不会干涉对方的事务。

1000-1300 AD - China 0, India 50

公元1000-1300年，中国0，印度50

China builds a compound wall using mud and lime. In fear.

中国在恐惧之中，用泥土和石灰建造了一堵墙。

India builds the brihadeeshwara temple out of granite. In devotion.

印度用花岗岩建造了布里哈德什瓦拉神庙。

2000 AD - China 0, India 100 friends

公元2000年-中国0，印度100个朋友

China sends a moon probe. Indian space vehicle barely avoids colliding with it, on its way to Mars.

中国发射了月球探测器。印度的太空飞船在飞往火星的途中差点与它相撞。

3000 AD - China 0, India 200

公元3000年-中国0，印度200