Quora: 印度历史有多扭曲

How distorted is Indian history?

印度历史有多扭曲?

Quora评论翻译：

Devashish Rana, History buff

List is long but these two incidents that history books never taught us.

这两件事是史书上没有的：

1.Why was there a 150 year gap between Md. Ghazni and Md Ghori’s invasion into India?

- Because of the Great Battle of Bahraich(near present day Lucknow) where the huge and undefeated invading armies of Ghaznavid general Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud faced the much smaller army lead by King Suhal Dev Pasi on 1033–34 AD.

It was a clean sweep for Suhal Dev, with almost every member of the invading turk army killed or captured. Salar Masud himself was killed and buried along with his horses near the battlefield, where his Mazar stands till this day.

The defeat left the invaders shell shocked and ensured that no one dared come back to India for the next 150 years. The Indian History might not have given importance to King Suhal Dev Pasi, but the invaders did 300 years ago and the folk songs of the Pasi community still do to this day, singing the events of the Great Battle of Bahraich.

It is amongst the greatest battles ever fought.

1.为什么伽色尼王朝的马哈茂德和穆罕默德·高里之间有150年的间隔?

由于公元1033-1034年的巴赫赖奇大战(靠近今天的勒克瑙)。当时伽色尼王朝的马苏德将军率领庞大而不败的侵略军对阵由国王苏哈尔·德夫·帕西率领的规模小得多的军队。对于马苏德来说，这是一次彻底的失败，几乎所有入侵的土耳其士兵都被杀或被俘。马苏德本人也战死，并和他的战马一起埋葬在战场。

这次失败震惊了侵略者，确保了在接下来的150年里没有入侵者敢到印度。印度历史可能并不重视苏哈尔·德夫·帕西国王，但300年前入侵者就开始了，巴西社区的民歌直到今天还在传唱巴赫赖奇战役大战的事迹。这是有史以来最伟大的战役之一。

2. That how the Indian Navy is also responsible for the Independance of India?

印度海军对印度的独立有什么贡献呢?

- Following the end of World War II, the returning sailors of the Indian Navy, angry with the colonial power, revolted and took control of the Bombay city. They were battle hardened professionals in control of some of the most sophisticated naval weaponry and organised themselves using the radio wireless system under their control. The revolting sailors elected M.S. Khanas their president and Madan Singh the vice-president of their struggle. The ever dependable Gorkhas called in to control the mutiny refused to shoot their comrades.

第二次世界大战结束后，印度海军的返航水手对殖民势力感到愤怒，起义并控制了孟买。他们是久经战斗的专业人员，掌握一些最复杂的海军武器，并利用他们控制下的无线电系统。叛乱的水手们推选哈纳斯为他们的总统，马丹·辛格为他们的副总统。一向可靠的廓尔喀人被召集起来控制叛乱，但拒绝向他们的同志开枪。

The Flag officer J.H. Godfrey (The Inspiration behind the ‘M’ character in the James Bond series by Ian Fleming )threatened the revolting officers with the then famous line, “Submit or perish”British Prime Minister Clement Attlee’s Labour Cabinet went into deliberations and concluded that a colonial control of India was not sustainable any more.

海军将官J.H.戈弗雷用当时著名的一句话威胁那些反抗的军官:“要么投降，要么灭亡”。英国首相克莱门特•艾德礼的工党内阁进行了商议，并得出结论，对印度的殖民控制已经无法继续了。

A Ganesh Chaturthi Idol being taken for Visarjan after the Royal Indian Navy mutiny, 1946, Bombay, India.

1946年，印度孟买，印度皇家海军兵变后，一尊Ganesh Chaturthi（象神）的神像被送入水中（注：信徒在家中供奉象头神至少十天后，再将其放入河湖海中使之溶化，这个送神入水的仪式称为 “Visarjan”）。

 译文来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46225.html    译者：Jessica.Wu

Alok Choudhary, Newspaper columnist, Published writer

A lot of content in the indian history that we read today are fabricated or manipulated.

我们今天读到的印度史有很多内容都是捏造或受到操纵改写的。

Forget about the history of mughal era or hindu kingdoms, we all know how these are presented to us.

忘掉莫卧儿王朝或印度教王国那段历史吧，我们都知道是怎么回事。

It is important to have right information about the history because without that we can't build up a right opinion or ideology.

准确的历史信息很重要，因为没有这些信息，我们就无法建立正确的观点或意识形态。

Even the history of independence struggle of India are presented in a wrong way to us. Recently, I came across a school history book where I saw a chapter about “Sir Syed khan” the founder of AMU.

甚至印度独立斗争的历史也以一种错误的方式呈现在我们面前。最近，我读了一本史书，其中有一章是关于阿里格尔大学创始人“赛义德·汗”的。

The chapter was filled with the content talking about his reforms which he introduced in the education system of India and the chapter also talked about his contribution during independence struggle.

这一章是有关他在印度教育体系中推行改革的内容，也讲述了他在独立斗争中的贡献。

But if you do a little research about Sir Syed Khan, then you will find that it was Sir Syed Khan who thought about “Two nation theory”. He advocated for the separate nation for Muslims and later(AMU) backed separate Pakistan movement led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Most of us dont even know that he is widely called as “Architect of Two nation theory”. But we know “Sir Syed Khan” only as a great educator because our historians and so called intellectuals always presented him as a person who contributed very well in the sector of education.

但如果你研究过赛义德·汗，你会发现是他提出了“两个民族理论”。他主张为建立一个独立的国家，后来又支持穆罕默德·阿里·真纳领导的独立的巴基斯坦运动。我们大多数人甚至不知道，他被称为“两个民族理论的缔造者”。但我们只知道“赛义德·汗”是一位伟大的教育家，因为我们的历史学家和所谓的知识分子总是把他描述成一个在教育领域做出巨大贡献的人。

We are being taught the one side of the history which impact us in a wrong way. Our present is the outcome of our history and we must know it without any blending.

我们只被灌输了历史的一面，它以一种错误的方式影响着我们。我们的现在是历史发展的结果，我们必须正确了解它。

Siddharth Sinha, Novelist, writer, Lecturer

Very distorted! I will provide some examples here:

非常扭曲!我在这举一些例子:

While the school-history textbooks are adorned with Mughal history, contemporary rulers of the time are hardly given the importance, and in some cases the prominence they deserve. I am citing some examples here:

尽管学校的历史教科书上写了莫卧儿王朝的历史，但当时的统治者们却几乎没有得到应有的重视，但在某些情况下，他们理应得到应有的重视。我在这里引用一些例子:

The VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE - 1336 -1646 ce

While the Mughal rule (from Babur to Aurangzeb - (thereafter, the Emperors were puppets) lasted for roughly 170 years and was restricted to portions of North India, the Vijayanagar Empire existed for over 300 years.

公元1336年至1646年的毗奢耶那伽罗帝国

莫卧儿王朝(从巴布尔到奥朗则布(此后，皇帝都是傀儡)统治了大约170年，被限制在印度北部的部分地区，而毗奢耶那伽罗帝国存在了300多年。

image:  Worldwide Unreal Lost Cities -The Vijayanagara Bazar, where jewelry was sold in the open, on streets

图：虚幻失落之城——Vijayanagara Bazar

The Empire ruled over all of Southern Indian peninsula but does not get its deserved mention in the books outside of South Indian textbooks. Krishna Devaraya was one of the finest rulers Indian history has ever seen. Ironically and interestingly, the empire was established by two brothers Harihara the first and Bukka Raya. The two brothers were sons of a Hindu couple who had converted to Islam. The brothers reconverted to Hinduism and established the empire to fight the Muslim invaders and rulers. The Empire existed from mid 14th Century until mid 17th Century, and ended a few decades before the advent of the Maratha Empire.

这个帝国统治着整个南印度半岛，但在南印度教科书之外的书籍中却没有提及。克利须那德瓦拉亚是印度历史上最杰出的统治者之一。具有讽刺意味又有趣的是，帝国是由哈里哈拉一世和布卡两兄弟建立的。这对兄弟是一对皈依ysl教的印度夫妇的儿子。兄弟二人重新皈依印度教，建立了帝国，与侵略者和统治者作战。这个帝国从14世纪中期一直存在到17世纪中期，在马拉地帝国到来之前的几十年就结束了。

image: Durch Karnataka nach Goa - Virupaksha Temple ruins, Hampi

图：维鲁巴克沙神庙遗址，古城汉比

image: Social Life: Vijayanagar Empire - The rich art of Vijayanagar

图：毗奢耶那伽罗帝国丰富的艺术

The MARATHA Empire - Once again a contemporary of the Mughals, this was one of the other thorns in the Mughal empire. Established by Shivaji, the Marathas went on to rule all of Western India to Cuttack in the east, from Central India to Karnataka in the South, thus creating a huge empire. The Maratha history again, barely gets a few paragraphs in modern school texts outside of Maharashtra.

马拉地帝国——也是莫卧儿王朝的同时期的帝国，这是莫卧儿帝国的另一根刺。由希瓦吉建立的马拉地帝国继续统治整个印度西部，东至克塔克，从印度中部到南部的卡纳塔克邦，从而建立了一个庞大的帝国。在马哈拉施特拉邦以外的现代教科书中，马拉地人的历史几乎没有出现过几段。

image: Maratha Empire

图：马拉地帝国

The Maratha Empire is credited with destroying and ending the rule of Muslim invaders and other Muslim rulers of that period. In the end, before the British East India Company took over, the Marathas had written a glorious history to the extent of having a puppet on the throne of the Mughals.

马拉地帝国被认为摧毁和结束了侵略者和其他统者的通知。在英国东印度公司接管之前，马拉地人写下了一段辉煌的历史，甚至有一个傀儡登上莫卧儿王朝的宝座。

image: Shivaji Jayanti

图：希瓦吉

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is one of the greatest characters (Heroes) of Indian history. The Marathas were responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire, and Bajirao-II throned a Mughal Emperor, The Marathas were also the main fighting force that resisted the East India Company; from the Queen of Jhansi to Peshwa, all were Marathas who fought in the war of 1857.

希瓦吉是印度历史上最伟大的人物（英雄）之一。马拉地人对莫卧儿王朝的覆灭负有责任，巴吉拉罗二世加冕为莫卧儿皇帝，马拉地人也是抵抗东印度公司的主要战斗力量;从詹西女王到佩什瓦，他们都是参加1857年战争的马拉地人。

The SIKH Empire –

This was one the the most powerful Empires in 18th Century India. Spanning the whole of undivided Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and parts of Jammu & Kashmir. This history is virtually unknown to present generation outside of Punjab today. The glory of this empire and its ruler, the Great Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and his great General and Minister Hari Singh Nalwa, their bravery, wisdom and excellent rule should be part of pan-Indian folklore. But sadly, it isn’t.

锡克帝国

这是18世纪印度最强大的帝国之一。横跨旁遮普邦、哈里亚纳邦、喜马偕尔邦以及查谟克什米尔的部分地区。在今天的旁遮普省以外，这段历史几乎是我们这代人所不知道的。这个帝国及其统治者，伟大的兰吉特·辛格和哈里·辛格·纳尔瓦将军，他们的勇敢、智慧和卓越的统治应该成为印度民间传说的一部分。但遗憾的是，事实并非如此。

images: Maharaja Ranjit Singh

图：兰吉特·辛格

The AHOM Empire of Assam -

This Assamese empire which ruled for nearly 600 years, is one the greatest of India in last few centuries. It has the credit of defeating the Mughals and the English but their story is unknown to most Indians outside of Assam and other North-Eastern states. Ahom Empire ruled the North-east for nearly 600 years from 13th to 19th Century - No mention of this Empire is found outside of the N-E states. That is unfair, hypocritical and a historical blunder

阿萨姆邦的阿豪姆王国

这个王国统治了近600年，是印度几个世纪以来最伟大的帝国之一。它有打败莫卧儿王朝和英国人的功劳，但除了阿萨姆邦和东北部其他邦，大多数印度人都不知道他们的故事。从13世纪到19世纪，阿豪姆王国统治东北部近600年——在东北各邦之外没有人提及这个帝国。这是不公平的、虚伪的，也是一个历史错误。

 

 

Savi S, Art at Instagram-Art.Shows

The History books are highlighted majorly with British and Mughal Rules in India.

With only few chapters allotted about Indian Kings, the REAL Flourishing Indian History of Indian Kings are given a major miss.

The Indian Kingdoms before its invasion are not described briefly.

~ Everyone knows the names of the invaders but not all know most Kings of Indian Kingdoms.

The history books are flawed & needs upgrade!!

历史书主要强调英国和莫卧儿王朝在印度的统治。

关于印度王国的章节少之又少，真正繁荣的印度王国历史被忽略了。

入侵前的印度王国也没有被简要描述。每个人都知道侵略者的名字，但不是所有人都知道印度王国的大多数国王。历史书是有缺陷的，需要改写!!

 

Samikshan Sengupta, An inquizitive historian

The answer to the question is HUGE. A book can be written on it.

Here I am presenting just a few points, in brief :

Indian History is written from a Delhi-perspective. Previous to the British age, it was solely hagiographical accounts of kings, badshahs & monarchs. The British brought in a semblance of neutrality to our history & in fact discovered a BULK of it. We are indebted to them for discovering OUR history !!!

Anyways, History is a dynamic subject. Indian history is more of a static one, which is written by the victors, not by the vanquished.

But now, new insights are coming up. Authors like Sanjeev Sanyal, Anuj Dhar, etc. are writing about new perspectives of history.

这个问题的答案太长了，可以写一本书。

在此，我只提出几个要点:

印度历史是从德里的角度来写的。在英国时代之前，它仅仅是国王和君主的圣徒传记。英国人给我们的历史带来了表面上的中立，事实上发掘了大部分历史。感谢他们发掘了我们的历史!!!

无论如何，历史是一个动态的主题。印度的历史更像是静态的，是由胜利者书写的，而不是由被征服的人书写。

但现在，新见解出现了。像Sanjeev Sanyal, Anuj Dhar等作家都在写关于历史的新观点。

 

Ragesh Ð Antony, studied at K.L.N. College of Engineering

What happened in India before 1000 BC ?

That is ,

• we know what happened on Babylon before 1000 BC
• we know what happened on Sumer before 1000 BC
• we know what happened on Egypt before 1000 BC
• we know what happened on Mesopotamia before 1000 BC
• we know what happened on Persia before 1000 BC
• we know what happened on China before 1000 BC

Because their histories are reviled as much possible ..

But Do we know what happened on Indian sub-continent before 1000 BC.. Who ruled the cities in India ? for Ex Who ruled the cities in Maharashtra on that time ?

What is the languages spoken in each and every states on that time in India ?

Yes. This is the sad fact. Above mentioned civilization are all destroyed (ancient Egypt in completely different form modern Egypt ) except China . So here , the destroyed civilizations history was find out.

But India is an old civilization , but still our history is concealed .,Why this tragedy ?

公元前1000年前，印度发生了什么?

我们都知道公元前1000年前在巴比伦、苏美尔、埃及、美索不达米亚、波斯和中国发生了什么。

因为他们的历史都尽可能地披露出来了…

但是我们知道公元前1000年前在印度次大陆发生了什么吗?谁统治了印度的城邦?在那以前谁统治了马哈拉施特拉邦的城市?在那个时候，印度每个邦都说什么语言?这是可悲的事实。

除了中国，上述文明都被破坏了(古埃及与现代埃及完全不同)。但是印度是一个古老的文明，但是我们的历史却被隐瞒了。为什么会发生这样的悲剧?

 

Shivani Surbhi, Educator (2017-present)

From Medieval India, Indian history is distorted. Basically Modern India is very much distorted. Because we all know what ever we have learn from history books. Lots of things are missing. Every where we read about Gandhiji , what about other nationalist, activist. We are having very less knowledge about their contribution.

从中世纪起，印度历史就是扭曲的。现代印度基本上是扭曲的，因为我们都知道我们从历史书上学到了什么。很多东西都缺失了。我们在任何史书都读到过甘地，但是其他民族主义者呢，我们对他们的贡献所知甚少。

If we see the case of South India, we too have very less information about Chera, Chola and Pandhyas.

正如南印度的例子，我们也很少看到有关哲罗、 朱罗和潘地亚王国的信息。

In Ancient History: After Indus Valley Civilization Vedic Period came. But in Vedic Period people were not at all civilized and their main occupation was cattle rearing whereas indus valley civilization people do cultivation as well as treading. History does not provide any clue regarding this. This ancient part may be distorted because when this period was excavated in 1921 by D R Sahni and R D Banerjee the chairman of ASI was an Britisher. Even Nalanda University was destroyed by Bhaktiyar Khilji in 12th century AD. Which may contain our whole history from 2700 Bce to 1100 AD. We cant get it back.

古代史：继印度河流域文明之后，吠陀时期开始了。但在吠陀时期，人们根本就没有开化，他们的主要职业是养牛，而印度河流域文明的人们既耕种也践踏。关于这一点，历史没有提供任何线索。这个古老的部分可能被扭曲了，因为这段时期是由德国考古研究所的萨尼和印度考古研究所的班纳吉于1921年发掘的。印度考古研究所的主席是英国人。甚至那烂陀大学也在公元12世纪被巴克提亚尔·卡尔吉摧毁，这可能包含我们从公元前2700年到公元1100年的整个历史。我们找不回来了。

 

Pranav Sharma

Pretty much distorted.

e.g.-

I was taught that socialism in India was in people’s interest.

History textbooks discredited the role of WWII in Indian Independence.

Indian railways are best.

Mughal empire was great.

Marathas- they were shitty. In my entire 5 years as history a student CBSE books had only half page on an empire which

modernised navy. Controlled Mughals and fought the British. They hid the Marathas, the Ahoms, and Others.

I never learned about the modernization in Princely states.

India attacking Portugese was right. That could have led the UK and possibly entire NATO attack us under fragile conditions.

India won 1947 war. Then why is there Askai Chin and POK?

Indian manufacturers face problems due to less import tariffs.

Rani Laxmi Bai was a freedom fighter so was begum of Awadh. Lie. They were digraced rulers trying to get their kingdom back.

India was liberalized as the government thought people would benefit from ‘competition’. The truth was something totally different. Worst part my teacher failed me in an essay assignment for writing the Truth as it was not in ‘syllabus’.

I never learned the political history correctly. The history of congress party was all rosy.

相当扭曲，例如：

我被灌输了印度的社会主义符合人民的利益。

历史教科书质疑二战在印度独立中扮演的角色

印度铁路是最好的

莫卧儿帝国是伟大的

马拉地人是劣等的。在我学习历史的整整5年里，教育中央委员会的书籍只有半页的篇幅介绍一个建立了现代化海军的帝国，控制了莫卧儿王朝并与英国作战。他们把马拉地帝国、阿豪姆王国都藏起来了。

我从不了解到印度土邦的现代化

印度攻击葡萄牙是对的。这可能导致英国甚至整个北约攻击我们。

印度赢得了1947年战争。那为什么会有阿赛克钦和巴控克什米尔?

印度制造商面临的问题是因为低进口关税。

詹西女王和阿瓦德女王都是自由斗士。谎言，她们是试图夺回王国的两败俱伤的统治者。

由于政府认为人们将从“竞争”中获益，印度实现了自由化。事实是完全不同的。

我从来没有学到正确的政治历史。国大党的历史全是美好乐观的。