英国东印度公司是如何进入印度的

Who allowed the British East India company to enter India?

是谁允许英国东印度公司进入印度的?

Quora评论翻译：

Shaishav Jogani, Research Assistant at Arizona State University (2017-present)

East India company was founded on 31 December 1600, whose primary purpose was to trade with India. However, due to their Dutch and French competitors they failed to enter in Indian market until 1608 when they first enter into Surat which is located on the west coast of India.

Sir Thomas Roe from company reached the court of the Mughal Emperor, Jahangir, as the emissary of King James I in 1615, and gained for the British the right to establish a factory at Surat.

Then the company rented a trading outpost in Madras (now Chennai) in 1639.

Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan gave the permission to trade with Bengal, where Company had established their factory in 1641. In 1717, the Company achieved its most notable success when the Mughal Emperor exempting the Company from the payment of custom duties in Bengal.

英国东印度公司成立于1600年12月31日，其主要目的是与印度进行贸易往来。然而，由于荷兰东印度公司和法国东印度公司的竞争，英国东印度公司一直没有进入印度市场，直到1608年，英国东印度公司首先进入了位于印度西海岸的苏拉特。

1615年，东印度公司的托马斯·罗伊爵士作为詹姆士一世的使者，来到莫卧儿王朝贾汗吉尔的宫廷，为英国获得了在苏拉特建厂的权利。

1639年，东印度公司在马德拉斯(现在的钦奈)租了一个贸易站。

莫卧儿王朝皇帝沙贾汗允许东印度公司与孟加拉邦进行贸易，该公司于1641年在孟加拉建立了自己的工厂。1717年，莫卧儿王朝免除了该公司在孟加拉邦的关税，这是该公司最显著的成就。

 

Akshat Jain, lives in India

In 1600, queen Elizabeth 1 granted monopoly to East India Company for trade with East Indies.

The first factory of the company was set up in Masulipatnam( present day machilipatnam, Krishna) in 1611.

in 1612, it got permission from Mughal Emperor Jahangir to establish Factories in Surat.

This is considered as the beginning of the company rule in India. This marked the beginning of around 200 years of colonial rule.

1600年，伊丽莎白一世授予东印度公司与东印度群岛贸易的垄断权。

东印度公司的第一家工厂于1611年在默苏利珀德姆(现在的马克里帕特南，克里希纳)建立。

1612年，东印度公司得到莫卧儿皇帝贾汗吉尔的许可，在苏拉特建立工厂。这被认为是该公司统治印度的开端，标志着大约200年殖民统治的开始。

 

Prem Chand

British followed Spain and Portugal in order to exploit the potential of spices market in East and particularly India . They obtain permission from Queen Elizabeth in 1600 and secured official farman for trading and opening their factories in East coast in India and by mid 1618 they obtain imperial farman from shajahan and open factories at Surat and many places . Mughals and nizams in view to expand commercial interests they allowed British and France and Portugal from 15th century onwards. Earlier British purely a merchant company involved in exports of agriculture and spices from India and import gold and gems in exchange for them. Later with mutual quarrels of Indian empires at different they gain opportunity to weild their power slowly and raise to Ruler stage after defeating Siraj ud dualah in Battle of Plassey 1757 and in 1764 Battle of Buxar Defeated Combined armies of Bengal, awadh and mughal king

为了开发东方尤其是印度香料市场的潜力，英国效仿了西班牙和葡萄牙。1600年，他们得到了伊丽莎白女王的许可，在印度东海岸进行贸易和开设工厂。1618年中期，他们从沙贾汗获得了在苏拉特及很多地方设厂的许可。莫卧儿王朝和尼扎姆王朝为了扩大商业利益，从15世纪开始允许英国，法国和葡萄牙。早期的东印度公司完全是一个商业公司，从事从印度出口农产品和香料，并进口黄金和宝石来交换。后来，随着印度各帝国在不同时期的相互争斗，他们逐渐获得了施展权力的机会，登上了统治者的舞台。1757年的普拉西战役和1764年的布克萨尔战役击败了孟加拉、阿瓦德和莫卧儿的联军。。

 

Kuldeep Jain, Student at SSC CGL 2018 (2018-present)

Jehangir aka shehzada salim aka shekhu baba …..

Captain William hawkins a british trader came to india with his ship ”Hector”.he presented himself in the court of jehangir in 1608 and asked for trading rights, initialy jehangir resisted but later he allowed him to setup a factory in surat in 1612, jehangir honored him with the title of “English Khan” later in 1615 another english diplomat sir thomos roe came to india and he was awarded trading rights in bengal.

英国商人威廉·霍金斯船长乘着“赫克托耳”号来到印度。1608年，他来到了贾汗季的宫廷，要求贸易权，起初贾汗季拒绝，但是后来在1612年允许他在苏拉特设厂。1615年,另一位英国外交官托马斯·罗伊爵士来到印度，他被授予在孟加拉的贸易权。

 

Jaideep Paul

There was no “India" until the British gave the name, it was a divided group of princely states.

As far as who allowed were the kings and princes who wanted to make more money by aligning with the British and they did until the brits shown them their true colors.

It was the British who gave India the unity as a country, sure people after the weakening of brits in ww2 pressurized them to leave the nation but it is true the kings and princes allowed them to get into their kingdoms in the first place.

在英国人给起这个名字之前，没有“印度”这个词，它是一个由君主国家组成的分裂集团。

是那些想通过与英国结盟来赚更多钱的国王和王公们允许东印度公司进入印度的，后来英国人露出了真面目。

是英国人让印度成为一个统一的国家，二战削弱了英国人的力量，迫使英国人离开这个国家。但起初是国王和王公们允许他们进入自己的王国，这也是事实。

 

Laksha, Class 8 Student at P.K.R. Jain Vatika Senior Secondry School (2017-present)

In 1600 queen Elizabeth 1 signed a charter giving east India company right to carry out trade in India . as dutch ,French and Portuguese were already there in India east India company asked jahangir to give them permission to fortify their settlements in order to protect themselves from other trading companies and problem started from there

1600年，伊丽莎白一世签署了一项特许状，赋予东印度公司在印度开展贸易的权利。由于荷兰人、法国人和葡萄牙人已经在印度定居，东印度公司请求贾汗吉尔允许他们在定居点筑防御工事，以保护自己免受其他贸易公司的伤害，问题就是从那时开始的。

 

Priyanka Bisht, B.A History, University of Delhi (2018)

India had been involved in the bullion business with the British and they had the permission Mughal authorities.

印度曾与英国进行过金条交易，东印度公司得到了莫卧儿帝国的许可。

 

Nidhi Arora, History buff by choice. Political observer by necessity.

That was owing to the rajahs of India, who trusted the Brits and the French more than they trusted other Indian kings, hence the "Residency".

这要归功于印度王公，比起其他印度国王，他们更信任英国人和法国人，因此才赋予了他们“居留权”。

 

Sohail Anwar, Principal at SHM Community College

Mughal Emperor Jahangir enterrained Thomas Roe the English ambassador and allowed one opening of factory in Surat.

莫卧儿王朝皇帝贾汗吉尔接见了英国大使托马斯•罗伊，并允许他在苏拉特开设工厂。

 

Bhagirath Lal Chawla

Akbar

阿克巴大帝（印度莫卧儿帝国皇帝）

 

Mintu Pande

Mughal

莫卧儿王朝

 

Nitesh Bhardwaj

It was jahangir who allowed britishers to enter in india

是贾汗吉尔（印度莫卧儿帝国皇帝）允许英国人进入印度的。

 

Aurobindo Ghosh

They were lucky because India was ruled by an indiscipline Mughal emperor when they first arrived.

东印度公司很幸运，刚到印度的时候，印度是由一个纪律涣散的莫卧儿皇帝统治的。

 

Shreedhara Kedilaya, former Banker

They came uninvited but indians gave them shelter but as the true whites they thought that it is the duty of the blue blooded christians to uplift the lives of these miserable lots .. so pushed them out and occupied their home.

They had done the same to natives of america ..australia and africa

他们不请自来，但印度人给了他们住所，但作为真正的白人，他们认为出身贵族的基督徒有责任改善这些可怜人的生活，于是把他们赶出去，占据了他们的家园。

他们对美洲、澳大利亚和非洲的土著也是这样对待。

 

Girish Bhatnagar, works at My Export Business Was in Delhi.

It was king Jahangir who allowed the British to enter India, who later on established the East India Company.

贾汗吉尔（莫卧儿王朝皇帝）允许英国人进入印度，后来英国人成立了东印度公司。

 

Gowindan Nampoothiri, former General Manager PP (Retired )

There was no present day India when East India Co was established .They entered via Surat with permission of King Jehangir of Mughals

东印度公司成立时，还没有今天的印度，他们是经莫卧儿王贾汗吉尔的允许，经由苏拉特进入印度的。

 

Mark Kram, worked at Various Crappy Jobs

Originally Answered: How did the British East India company arrive in India?

In 1685 it was by ship, 2 East India Company ships above.

英国东印度公司是如何进入印度的?

1685年，搭乘两艘东印度公司的船。

 

Vivek Singh, History nerd

After defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588 with their naval forces, England established itself as a world power with a strong naval force to reckon with. Inspired by the fresh victory, a bunch of traders presented a memorial to Queen Elizabeth I requesting permission to sail east and invoke a new trading route yet to be explored.

The Queen agreed to the petition and in 1591, three English vessels embarked on their first voyage around the Cape of Good Hope in Indian Ocean. One of the ship was lost along with its commander, George Raymond while Jacob Lancaster sailed  to the Malay Peninsula in the other ship and returned to England in 1594. Another voyage with three ships was sent two years later in 1596 and was again lost but one Englishman, John Midnall made it to northern India. He traveled extensively and spent seven years in the East and was also reported to visit Emperor Akbar.  By the time he returned, the formation of company was already set into motion.

On September 1599, Few merchants of London held a meeting and after raising a capital of  £30,133, sought incorporation from the Crown which wasn't accepted. They reconvened again after a year and doubled their capital to £68,373 and sought approval for the second time. Finally on December 31 1600, Queen Elizabeth incorporated the merchants, 217 in total by the Royal Charter as "The Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies" and thus was born the East India Company. James Lancaster who penetrated to the Malay peninsula in his previous attempt led the first official voyage of the East India company. The first voyage sailed to Bantam (in modern Indonesia) and opened a factory to engage in spice trade.  The Second voyage sailed to Bantam, Ternate, Tidore and Amboyna (all part of modern day Makuku islands of Indonesia). It wasn't until the third voyage that a successful landing was made on the coast of India in 1608 and the very first factory was established at Machilipatnam

As History witnessed over the next three centuries and half, a trading company with handful of merchants paved the way for colonization of a giant nation that had earlier thwarted the invasions of Alexander, Persians and the might of Mongols.

1588年，英国海军打败西班牙无敌舰队后，凭借强大的海军力量确立了世界强国的地位。受这一新胜利的鼓舞，一群商人请求伊丽莎白一世允许他们向东航行，并启动一条尚未探索的新贸易路线。

女王同意了这一请求，1591年，三艘英国船只开始了他们在印度洋好望角的首次航行。其中一艘船和它的指挥官乔治雷蒙德一起失踪了，而雅各布·兰卡斯特乘坐另一艘船前往马来半岛，并于1594年返回英国。两年后的1596年，又有三艘船被派往印度北部，英国人约翰·米德尔成功到达了印度北部。他四处游历，在东方生活了七年，据报道他还拜访了阿克巴皇帝。等他回来时，公司的组建已经开始进行。

1599年9月, 几个伦敦商人召开了一次会议，筹资30133英镑, 寻求将公司合并，但未获得女王的许可。一年后他们再次开会,资本增加到68373英镑，再次请求批准合并。最后，在1600年12月31日，伊丽莎白女王允许这些公司合并，根据皇家特许状，“伦敦商人在东印度贸易的公司”成立，总共有217名股东，于是，东印度公司诞生。詹姆斯·兰卡斯特在他之前的尝试中潜入马来半岛，领导了东印度公司的第一次正式航行。第一次航行到班塔姆(现在的印尼)，并开设了一家工厂从事香料贸易。第二次航行航行班塔姆、特尔纳特、蒂多雷和安汶岛(都是今天印尼马库库群岛的一部分)。直到1608年的第三次航行，它才成功登陆印度海岸，第一家工厂在默吉利伯德讷姆建立。

 

Avantika Prabhu, Marketing Manager (2013-present)

The East Indian Company was formed in England to explore the south east Asian countries via sea routes and initiate trade with them initially. India traded various items with East Indi8a Company on a large scale like cotton and spices. Slowly, the East India Company started controlling several regions of the Indian subcontinent. After defeating the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612, at Suvali in Surat, they thought of expanding their territory in India. They also started co-ordial relations with the Mughal Emperors of that time to set up more industries.

东印度公司成立于英国，通过海上航线探索初步开始与东南亚国家进行贸易往来。印度与英国东印度公司进行了大规模的商品贸易，如棉花和香料。慢慢地，东印度公司开始控制印度次大陆的几个地区。1612年，在苏拉特的苏瓦里战役打败了葡萄牙人后，他们想在印度扩张领土。他们还开始与当时的莫卧儿王朝建立合作关系，建立了更多的工业。