美版知乎：为什么印度成为不了超级大国

Why can India not become a superpower?

为什么印度成为不了超级大国？

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Ramesh K, 

We prefer to have free electricity, free food, free schemes rather than making our country a better place. We don’t care about the majority of the citizens who contribute major revenue in the country and often always talk about minority. Minority has to be given EQUAL rights not more than majority.

We care about Muslims from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh more than people who are born, raised and dead in our own country from ages who contributed their life for us. We fight for them more than we fight for ourselves, we thinks it selflessness but we fail to understand its political origins. We can support global community, but to do that first we have to support ourselves.

我们更想要免费的电力，免费的食物，免费的福利计划，而不是想着把我们的国家建设得越来越好。我们不关心为国家贡献了主要收入的大多数公民，经常谈论的是少数人。少数人必须拥有跟多数人同样的权利。

我们更关心来自阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的穆 斯林，而不是那些在我们自己的国家出生、成长和逝去，为我们贡献出了自己生命的人。比起自己，我们为他们更加积极地战斗，我们认为这是无私大爱，但我们并不明白这里的政治根源。我们可以支持国际社会，但要做到这一点，我们必须先支持自己。

And the hypocrisy in these protests are funny, they are talking about secularism, but no one is asking Govt to remove the religion clause from CAA, they are asking to stop CAA altogether. So these protesters are okay with other people losing their citizenship for one particular religion that is missing, Wake up that is not secularism, that is favoritism towards that religion .

Imagine you are a kid and your father stopped buying good food,clothes and everything for you because some homeless person across street don’t have them, so for equality he stopped for you too. Is this justice or Madness?

As long we have these pseudo secular people who are willing to destroy us from inside, we have little to no chance to become a super power. We can’t tolerate development, because we think its bad for our country, because we have never seen it before.

We want industrial development but we don’t want industries in our state. We want better facilities, better infrastructure, but don’t want to pay more taxes.

We fail to understand the govt is us, we made it, we have to make it better rather than opposing to everything they do.

这些抗议活动中的伪善很搞笑，他们谈论的是世俗主义，但没有人要求政府从CAA中删除宗教条款，他们要求完全终止CAA。所以这些抗议者可以接受其他人因为某个宗教而失去公民身份，醒醒吧，那不是世俗主义，那是对那个宗教的偏袒。

想象一下你还是个孩子，你的父亲不再为你买好吃的东西和漂亮的衣服，原因是街对面的无家可归的人并没有这些东西，为了公平起见，他也不给你了。这是正义还是疯狂？

只要我们还有这种伪世俗的人想从内部摧毁我们的国家，我们就几乎没有机会成为超级大国。我们不能容忍发展，因为我们认为这对我们的国家不利，因为我们从来没有见识过发展。

我们希望工业得到发展，但我们不希望工业设施建在我们的邦。我们想要更好的设施，更好的基础设施，却不想多交税。

我们不理解，政府就是我们，是我们造就的政府，我们必须让政府变得越来越好，而不是反对他们提出的一切。

 

Anchal Tamrakar, former Self Employment

Because Indians don't want , they only say that India needs to be super power and put everything In goverment…

Individualiy there no effort to take india ahead.. everyone about 80% indians is dreaming to go and settle in USA and Canada and become parasite to those country…

They have more American dream rather than indian dream

SECULARISM , DEMOCRACY, OVERLIBERALNESS CASTISM this is threat to UNITY.

No country is developed with 1.35 billions population…

First they become developed builted infrastructure defence then they adopted this liberalness…

No Country is slave of foreign invaders for soo much longtime 800yrs of Islamic empire , 200yrs of British empire… why because of internal conflicts the main reason is casteism..

因为印度人并不想要，他们只会说印度需要成为超级大国，然后就把一切都甩给政府…

就个人而言，个人没有付出任何努力帮助印度进步。大约80%的印度人都梦想着去美国和加拿大定居，成为这些国家的寄生虫…

他们拥有的更多的是美国梦，而非印度梦。

世俗主义、、过分自 由的卡斯特主义都是对团结的威胁。

没有哪个13.5亿人口的国家是发达国家…

他们都是先成为发达国家，建设了基础设施和国防设施，然后才开始走这种自由路线…

没有哪个国家那么长时间地沦为外国侵略者的奴隶，我们被伊 斯兰帝国奴役800年，被大英帝国奴役200年…为什么？因为内部冲突，而主要原因就是种姓制度。

Indians take proud so much that india has given many things to world we follow “vasudev kutumbkam” whole world is family but sadly whole world don't this ideology.. taking pride in past which is long gone like Mahabharata ramayana , we have Bramhastra flying vimanas , so powerfull etc etc …

But in modern world no other country seen this epic they see india as a weak superstitious overpopulated poverty hunger population rape capital.. from history they only know india is Islamic nation which is defeated by British empire..

Indians run on very short vision and short term profit and over selfishness..

印度人非常自豪，印度为世界奉献了很多，我们遵循“瓦苏捷夫·库图姆卡姆”的说法，全世界都是一家人，但遗憾的是，不是全世界都有这种意识形态。以遥远古老的历史为荣，比如摩诃婆罗多罗摩衍那，我们有布拉姆哈斯特飞行维曼那，非常强大等等…

但在现代世界，没有其他国家见过这部史诗，他们只是将印度视为虚弱、迷信、人口过剩、贫穷、饥饿的人口大国，强奸之都。。而通过历史，他们只知道印度是被大英帝国打败的国家。

印度人的眼光短浅，只顾眼前利益，极度自私。

 

Shavan Bhattacharjee, studied at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

There are no preset conditions which lay down guidelines on how to become a super power. To become a super power, a nation or a state must be in a position to influence global events militarily, economically, technologically, culturally and diplomatically. This has been demonstrated by the United States and the Soviet Union / Russia on several occasions in the past. China is pretty much on track to be termed the future super power.

The problem with India is manifolds which I will detail out below:

对于如何成为超级大国，没有预设的条件来制定指导方针。一个国家要成为超级大国，就必须能够在军事、经济、技术、文化和外交上影响全球事件。美国和苏 联/俄罗斯过去曾多次证明了这一点。中国几乎走上了被称为未来超级大国的轨道。

印度的问题是多方面的，我将在下面详细说明：

1.Economy - India's biggest blunder from independence to grow economically was to follow the Soviet model. One cannot be a democracy and follow Socialist practices. This approach slowed us down in the race. Had we changed our economic model in the 1970’s, we probably could have been a much better economy today. Also, our policies were neither industry friendly nor labour friendly. It was such a confused mix that even today no government is scared to repeal it fearing a loss in an election.

1.经济—印度从独立到经济增长最大的错误就是效仿了苏 联模式。国家不能通过遵循社会主义的做法来保持。这种方法使我们在比赛中放慢了速度。如果我们在20世纪70年代改变我们的经济模式，今天的经济形势可能会好得多。此外，我们的政策既不支持工业，对劳动力也不友好。这是一个如此混乱的混合体，直到今天，历任政府都害怕在选举中失败，不敢废除这个模式。

2.Technology - India has had amazing talent because of a very good education system which we have in our country. But this talent was never recognised due to the lack of budget. Yes .. you read it right. We hired scientists and researchers but they all attrited and moved to the west where they were successful. If you need to advance technologically, you need to hire the best brains and for that you need money which the government never had or has. Also, another damning factor is the willingness to import technology rather than create and sustain. That is why today we boast of Infosys, Wipro etc. but they are nothing short of a body shop. We know of a Microsoft Office or a Google Chrome or Android but do we see any consumer product by these two bell weather companies or any other Indian companies? Why just them, let's take for instance DRDO, HAL, Gun Factory Ishapur. Not a single weapon system platform we use have been invented by them except for INSAS, LCA, Arjun tanks. But we know how good they are and we have no choice to bank on the west to satisfy our needs.

2.技术—印度拥有惊人的人才资源，因为我们国家有非常好的教育体系。但由于财政预算有限，这些人才从未得到认可。对，你没看错。我们聘请了科学家和研究人员，但他们都搬去西方国家，在那里他们功成名就。如果你想要获得技术进步，就需要雇佣最优秀的人才，为此你需要政府过去和现在从未拥有过的资金实力。另外，另一个致命的因素是引进技术的意愿，而不是自己开发和维持。这就是为什么虽然今天我们吹嘘Infosys，Wipro等，但他们其实就是车间修理厂。我们知道有微软办公软件、谷歌Chrome浏览器或安卓系统，但我们有没有看到这两家领头公司或其他印度公司的消费品？我们再举些例子，DRDO，HAL，Ishapur枪械厂。除了印度轻武器系统，轻型战斗机，阿尔琼坦克之外，我们使用的所有武器系统平台都不是他们研发的。但我们知道他们有多出色，我们没有选择，只能依赖西方来满足我们的需求。

3.Military - This is one area which I feel we are pretty strong at. With our frequent contribution to UN operations and our regional superiority, we are a force to reckon with. But we are just a regional power with weapon system platforms imported from the west. Such is the state today that we haven't been able to manufacture a simple assault rifle, a pistol or a rocket launcher. We are dependent on everything from the west. Even a small country like Israel manufactures some of the world's finest weapons, drones etc. I wonder why we cannot emulate them and learn from them.

3.军事—我觉得我们在这方面很强大。由于我们对联合国行动的长期贡献和我们的地区优势，我们是一支不可忽视的力量。但我们只是一个拥有从西方进口武器系统平台的区域大国。今天的情况是，我们连一支简单的突击步枪、手枪或火箭发射器都无法制造。我们一切都依赖西方。即便是以色列这样的小国也制造出了世界上最出色的武器、无人机等。我想知道为什么我们不能效仿他们呢。

4.Culture - This is one area where I feel very positive to talk about. Our film industry be it Bollywood or Tollywood etc. has been a good ambassador of our country's culture and customs. Also is our food from different states. India can comfortably be called the cultural super power. No other country has such a variety of food, arts etc. But you cannot win wars with food and movies. This is a rather soft approach.

4.文化—我觉得这是一个我非常想谈论的领域。我们的电影业，无论是宝莱坞还是托利伍德等，都是我国文化和风俗的良好大使。还有我们各邦丰富多样品类繁多的食物。印度可以称得上是文化超级大国。没有哪个国家拥有如此丰富的食物、艺术等，但你无法用食物和电影赢得战争。这是一个非常温和的方法。

Another negative thing which is impacting our growth in these areas is population. Unless we are able to control our population we will never be able to grow economically. With jobs shrinking due to automation, robotics etc. rising population is a matter of serious concern thereby hurting our chances of being a super power.

另一个影响我们在这些方面取得进步的负面因素是人口。除非我们能够控制住人口规模，否则我们将永远无法实现经济的增长。由于自动化、机器人技术等原因，未来工作岗位不断减少，人口的不断增加将会是一个令人严重关切的问题，会损害我们成为超级大国的机会。

 

GV Subrahmanyam, Former Practice Leader in the Govt & Infra Advisory space

I don’t think we should even talk about - countries with hegemonistic intentions can only play that game. We are a low income country as of now , with about 2300 USD per capita. A 5 trillion USD GDP would take us to about 3800 USD plus per capita. A 10,000 USD per capita in another 15–20 years would take us to about 13 trillion USD - that is when, we move into a middle income category. Till then , and even beyond, we should not even nurture any super power ambition but play a constructive and positive role in the world affairs. We should be good with USA, Russia , Europe and China ( by not fishing in troubled waters) and offer them unbelievably attractive market opportunities for their economic growth too. There will be no scent of poverty in our country , if we can achieve this. As we all know, the uneducated and less educated are exploited by a few political parties and this vote-bank politics is one of the main reasons for the unstable equilibrium we are in for the past 70 odd years, which is changing slowly. Lack of unity in diversity and lack of bi-partisan approach amongst political parties ( even on matters of national interests / national security matters) is also a key reason for our slow growth. At all levels, we should move towards meritocracy and fairness to achieve our economic ambitions.

我认为我们压根都不该谈论——只有具备霸权主义意图的国家才能玩这种游戏。我们目前是一个低收入国家，人均收入约为2300美元。我们GDP达到5万亿美元后，人均GDP就能达到3800美元。如果再过15-20年人均收入达到1万美元，我们的GDP总额就会达到13万亿美元，那时我们就进入了中等收入行列。在此之前，甚至之后，我们都不应该拥有什么超级大国的野心，而是要在世界事务中发挥建设性和积极的作用。我们应该与美国、俄罗斯、欧洲和中国搞好关系(不要在浑水摸鱼)，并为他们的经济增长提供具备绝佳吸引力的市场机会。如果我们能做到这一点，我们的国家就不会有贫穷的气息。我们都知道，没受过教育的人被少数政党所利用，这种选票政治是我们在过去70多年不稳定的主要原因之一，这种不稳定的平衡正在慢慢改变。在多样性上缺乏团结，各政党之间缺乏合作(甚至在涉及国家利益/国家安全的问题上也如此)，也是我们经济增长缓慢的主要原因。在各个层面，我们应该朝着精英管理和公平的方向前进，以实现我们的经济抱负。

To be an economic power, the most important priority for the government is to achieve the status of being ‘Impregnable’ in Defense matters. The Government of the day has a clear vision in these matters , if we go by the kind of investments we are making in the defense sector. We can prosper only in the backdrop of a strong internal and external security environment. Young entrepreneurs of India are going to drive our future economic growth and not the government perse-I have no doubt about that.

作为一个经济大国，印度政府最重要的优先事项是在国防事务中取得“坚不可摧”的地位。如果我们按照我们在国防领域所做的投资来衡量的话，今天的政府在这些问题上有一个清晰的愿景。只有在强大的内外安全环境下，我们才能繁荣昌盛。印度的年轻企业家将推动我们未来的经济增长，而不是政府，我对此毫不怀疑。

 

Ankit Raturi, 

A country becomes superpower by the people who live in it, someone else from Mars is not interested in making us a superpower.

The root cause is that Indians are too selfish to realise their responsibility as the citizen of India. The only thing we know is blaming one another, citizens blaming government, one governmental department blaming the other, the department itself blaming it's officers, officers blaming subordinates and subordinates blaming citizens. The whole efficiency comes down to 10% or so.

One man, might be the PM, President or somebody else can't change nation if the nation itself doesn't wants to change. It's a collective responsibility. Politics isn't the only problem, problems lies with bureaucracy too. Bureaucrats with almost no responsibility other than giving mere orders are indulged in corruption. Such bureaucrats should also be unseated after 5 years or so like the politicians.

The other issue is education, education level of kids studying in government schools, education and innovation level of farmers is somewhat unprogressive and obsolete. These are the backbone of indian economy and economy could only be reinforced further if they are being provided with world class education. Its only if they rise, India will rise to the prosperity once again.

一个国家是因其国民才能成为超级大国，来自火星的人不会有兴趣把我们建设成超级大国。

根本原因是印度人太自私，没有意识到自己作为印度公民所背负的责任。我们只知道互相指责，公民指责政府，一个政府部门责怪另一个部门，政府部门责怪自己的官员，官员责怪下属，下属责怪国民。效率仅为正常的10%左右。

一个人，可能是总理、总统或者其他人，如果国家本身不想改变，就不能改变这个国家。这是一个集体的责任。政治不是唯一的问题，官僚主义也存在问题。除了发号施令之外，几乎没有任何责任的官僚们沉溺于腐败之中。这样的官僚也应该像政客一样在5年左右后下台。

另一个问题是受教育程度，公办学校学生的受教育程度，农民的受教育和创新水平有些落后和过时。这些都是印度经济的支柱，只有向他们提供世界一流的教育，经济才能得到进一步加强。只有他们崛起，印度才会再次走向繁荣。