印媒：中国人如何看印度

在所有对话中，中国人还提到了他们非常欣赏印度文化，也非常崇拜圣 雄甘地,泰戈尔还有在1938年的第二次中日战争中提供了宝贵的医疗援助的柯棣华医生。事实上,我还遇到了一些学者，他们用普通话给我朗读了泰戈尔的《吉 檀迦利》。他们还指出,中国和印度的富饶历史间有着非常密切的关系,转回到几千年前,他们就已经在艺术,音乐,文学,哲学和宗教领域上互相影响了。中国学 者还经常提到法显的名字，早在公元五世纪初，发现就访问过印度,还提到在公元631年左右跨越万水千山来到印度的玄奘（唐三藏）,这两个人在将佛教传播到 中国起到了非常重要的作用。

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How the Chineseview India

中国人如何看待印度

Abhik Roy 24 May, 2015

As an academic, I have had the opportunity to travel to China several times.During my visits to several major cities, including Beijing, Changsha, Chengdu,Shanghai and Xiamen, I talked with many academic and non-academic people whowere quite candid about sharing their views on Sino-Indian relations. I havealso been engaged in online conversations with several Chinese scholars on thistopic. A majority of the people I talked with felt that there was stilllingering mistrust on both sides.

作为一个学者,我有机会去了好几次中国。我参观过几个主要城市,包括北京、长沙、成都、上海和厦门,我和许多学术和非学术人士聊过天，这些人都很坦诚地分享过自己对中印关系的看法。我也一直在网上与一些中国学者进行关于这一主题的对话。跟我聊过天的大多数人都觉得两国之间仍存在挥之不去的不信任感。

ManyChinese unabashedly told me that they were skeptical about Modi’s intentionsabout resolving the border issues with China. On the one hand, Modi indicatedhis serious intent on establishing a close partnership with China. On the otherhand, Modi seemed very keen on having close ties with Japan, Vietnam andTaiwan, which are now regarded as “enemy” countries by many Chinese.

许多中国人不加掩饰地告诉我,他们怀疑莫迪与中国解决边界问题的意图。一方面,莫迪表示他将认真致力于同中国建立密切的伙伴关系。另一方面,莫迪似乎非常希望与日本,越南,台湾都建立密切关系，而这些全都是现在被许多中国人视为“敌人”的国家。

The majority of the Chinese people expressed their displeasure at Modi’smeeting with the Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, in Tokyo right after hetook over as India’s Prime Minister. Some even thought it was Modi’s way tohumiliate China because he went to meet Abe just before President Xi Jinpingwas scheduled to arrive in New Delhi.

大多数中国人对莫迪在出任印度总理不久后，在东京会见日本首相安倍晋三很不满意。有些人认为这是莫迪在羞辱中国，因为就在中国主席习定下要前往新德里的计划后不久，他就去东京会见安倍了。

Although several Chinese appreciated Modi’s rhetoric about the shared valuesbetween the two nations, there were others who thought he was a glib talker whoplayed to the gallery. Some of these folks expressed their doubtabout Modi actually walking the walk. Furthermore, many viewedModi’s close alliance with the United States and joining President Obama incriticising China’s policy on the disputed Diaoyu islands to be problematic.While some Chinese deemed the Indian Government’s complaints about China’sendeavours to woo India’s neighbours Sri Lanka and Nepal to be petty andunbecoming of a superpower, others thought India often came across as a“victim” and not as a strong, assertive nation as compared to China. A majorityof them indicated that there seemed to be a lack of openness and sincerity onboth sides to listen genuinely to each other’s respective positions regardingthe disputed areas and that both countries’ position on the border issueappeared to be inflexible, which is probably why the border issue has neverbeen resolved.

虽然有一些中国人很欣赏莫迪对两国共同价值观上的言论，但也有人认为他是在油嘴滑舌，哗众取宠。其中还有一些人怀疑莫迪是否能将这些付诸实践。此外，还有许多人认为莫迪与美国的密切联盟关系，还有跟奥巴马一起批评中国在钓鱼岛的政策，这些都是相当有问题的。有些中国人还认为印度政府对中国努力争取其邻国斯里兰卡和尼泊尔的抱怨是非常琐碎的，而且与其大国形象不符，许多其他人在将印度与中国进行对比时，经常把印度当成一个“受害者”，而不是像中国那样强大自信的国家。多数人表示，在真心倾听各自在有关争议地区的立场时，双方都缺乏开放性和诚意。而且在边界问题上，双方立场都显得很呆板，这很有可能是为什么边界问题至今仍未得到解决的原因。

The Chinese people were quite vocal in their criticism of the Indian media forperpetuating negative stereotypes and biased reporting on China. They werequick to point out that instead of depicting China in a positive light, manyIndian media outlets seemed all too keen on portraying China as an “evil”nation or an “enemy of India.” According to them, Indian media reports wouldfrequently be filled with stories about Chinese border incursions withoutgiving both sides of the conflict, the dumping of Chinese goods on the Indianmarket, the inferior quality of Chinese products, abuse of human rights,corruption and scandals among government officials, and ethnic conflict inXinjian, to name a few.

中国人民非常直言不讳的批评印度媒体的报道一直对中国有一个消极的刻板印象，还对中国有偏见。他们很快指出这一问题,而不是描绘中国的积极态度,许多印度媒体似乎太热衷于把中国描绘成一个“邪恶”的国家，或是当作“印度的敌人”。根据他们的说法,印度媒体报道中经常都是关于中国入侵边境但没有造成双方冲突, 中国商品在印度市场上的倾销,中国产品质量低劣,滥用认全,政府官员腐败和丑闻,xj种族冲突,等等的报道。

Many lamented the fact that the Indian press did not educate the Indian peoplesufficiently about all the Chinese accomplishments in the areas of arts,literature, music, sports, science, and technology. Some were quick to pointout how disappointed they were to find out that some Indian media even gloatedover the Indian government beating the Chinese in the relief efforts in Nepalafter the recent earthquake as if it was some kind of a competition. Theythought it was in bad taste on the part of Indian media to exploit a humantragedy to show India’s rivalry with China. They seemed quite delighted inpointing out that Nepal had distanced themselves from India due to this kind ofunprofessional coverage by the Indian media.

很多人都觉得很惋惜，因为印度媒体从未用中国在艺术，文学，音乐，体育，科学和技术方面所取得的成就来教育过印度国人。一些人还指出近期当中国和印度在遭受了地震的尼泊尔实施救援时，他们发现一些印度媒体对于印度在救援工作上超过了中国感到很幸灾乐祸，弄得好像这是一场竞争似的，这让他们感到非常失望。他们认为印度媒体利用人类的悲剧来彰显印度与中国之间的竞争，这是非常不礼貌的。他们似乎非常高兴地指出尼泊尔也因这种不专业的印度媒体报道，而与印度划清了界限。

The Chinese were unanimous in saying that media in both countries played acritical role in shaping public opinion. They opined that if the media in bothcountries were to focus more on positive news then people in both nations wouldhave a better awareness and knowledge of each other that is devoid ofstereotypes.

中国人一致表示,两国媒体在塑造公众舆论上都发挥了至关重要的作用。他们认为,如果两国媒体都更关注更积极的消息,那么这两个国家的人民对彼此都将有一个更好的认识和了解，消灭彼此的成见。

In all these conversations the Chinese mentioned their profound appreciation ofthe Indian culture and their veneration of Mahatma Gandhi, Tagore and Dr.Dwarkanath Kotnis who provided invaluable medical assistance during the SecondSino-Japanese War in 1938. In fact, I met several scholars whoshowed me their copies of Tagore’s Gitanjali in Mandarin. They also pointed tothe rich history of China and India having close ties that went back tothousands of years and how they had influenced each other in the fields ofarts, music, literature, philosophy and religion. Chinese scholars frequentlymentioned the names of Faxian who visited India in the early fifth century AD,and Xuanzang (Hsüan-tsang) who came to India around 631 AD, both of whom wereinstrumental in bringing Buddhism to China.

在所有这些对话中，中国人还提到了他们非常欣赏印度文化，也非常崇拜圣雄甘地,泰戈尔还有在1938年的第二次中日战争中提供了宝贵的医疗援助的柯棣华医生。事实上,我还遇到了一些学者，他们用普通话给我朗读了泰戈尔的《吉檀迦利》。他们还指出,中国和印度的富饶历史间有着非常密切的关系,转回到几千年前,他们就已经在艺术,音乐,文学,哲学和宗教领域上互相影响了。中国学者还经常提到法显的名字，早在公元五世纪初，发现就访问过印度,还提到在公元631年左右跨越万水千山来到印度的玄奘（唐三藏）,这两个人在将佛教传播到中国起到了非常重要的作用。

Several people I talked with expressed their admiration for Bollywood moviesand Hindi film songs. During my travels, I also happened to see many oldChinese folk dancing in a park in a very small town to “Jai Ho,” a song fromthe movie Slumdog Millionaire. Even to this day, Raj Kapoor and his film Awaraare household names. I have lost count of how many Chinese, both young and old,would sing “Awara hoon” in Hindi to me. I also remember the long line of peoplewaiting just to catch a glimpse of the black and white portrait of Raj Kapoorin the Indian pavilion at the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010.

跟我聊过天的一些人还表达了他们对宝莱坞电影和印地语电影歌曲的赞赏。在我旅行中，我也碰巧在一个非常小的城镇里的公园中，看到过许多中国老大妈在跳“Jai Ho”——电影《贫民窟的百万富翁》中的一首歌。即使是到了现在，拉兹·卡普尔和他的电影《流浪者》也依然家喻户晓。我已经记不清有多少个中国人用印地语对我唱过“Awara hoon”了。我也还记得那条长长的队，那条就为了在2010年的上海世博会的印度馆里看一眼拉兹·卡普尔的黑白肖像而排起的长长的队。

In all my conversations with the Chinese they evinced a strong interest inhaving some kind of a regular exchange of scholars, artists, writers,musicians, dancers, and filmmakers so that they could enrich each other’s livesin important ways. Many of them also expressed their desire to visit India butthey felt that the Indian government did not seem too keen on promoting tourismto the Chinese for some reason.

在我跟中国人的对话中，他们总是表现出一种强烈的兴趣，希望能定期的开展双方学者、艺术家、作家、音乐家、舞蹈家、电影制片人之间的交流，这样他们就能在一些重要方面丰富彼此的生活。他们中的许多人也表达了他们希望参观印度的意愿，但他们觉得印度政府出于某种原因，似乎不太热衷于促进中国人前往印度旅行。

There seemed to be a general consensus that the people of both countries mustbe engaged in conversations to learn and appreciate each other’s cultures. Theystated that the leaders and officials in both countries needed to learn tocommunicate more effectively with each other where they are not guided bystereotypes, biases, or prejudices. They agreed that it would be naive toassume that simply understanding the issues of intercultural communicationwould resolve all the differences confronting the two nations, but they alsoindicated that, ultimately, people, and not governments, negotiate and signpeace treaties.

似乎已经达成了一个共识，两国人民都必须参与对彼此文化的学习，欣赏和交流。他们表示,两国领导人和政府官员都需要学习更有效地跟彼此沟通的方式,而不是再有刻板印象,偏见,或歧视。他们同意如果认为对跨文化交际会的理解就能解决所有这两个国家所面对的差异问题,那就太天真了，但他们也表示,最终,将会是人民,而不是政府,会谈判和签署和平条约。

It was a true learning experience for me to hear first-hand what the Chinesehad to say about Sino-Indian relations. Every Chinese person I talked withreiterated that they had nothing against India; all they wanted was peace andwarm, cordial relations with their neighbour. Some even requested me to sharewith my friends in India that they have an abiding love and respect for India.

对我来说,这是一个真正的能听到第一手中国人关于中印关系不得不说的看法的学习经验。每个和我聊过天的中国人都一再重申,他们并没有反对印度,他们所想要的只是和平和温暖,还有与邻居之间的友好关系。一些人甚至还要求我与我的印度朋友们分享说,他们对印度有一份持久的爱和尊重态度。

I conclude this piece with a comment that a Chinese academic friend made veryrecently concerning the ongoing border issues between the two countries, whichpretty much captures the sentiments of many Chinese I have talked with: “peopleare the same everywhere. They just want to be happy and live in peace.Unfortunately, it’s always the government that screws up everything. I blameboth the Chinese and the Indian government for their inability to resolve theborder issues in a timely manner and in a way that’s a win/win for all.”

我用我一位中国学术朋友在最近关于两国正在进行的边界问题上所作出的评论来结束这篇文章,这条评论几乎表达了大多数跟我聊过天的中国人的情感:“不管哪里的人都是一样的。他们只是想要快乐,和平相处。不幸的是,政府总是会搞砸一切。我同时指责中国和印度政府，因为他们无法及时解决边界问题,而一旦解决，这在某种程度上将会是一个所有人的双赢。”

Thewriter is a Professor of Communication Studies at Loyola Marymount University,Los Angeles. He can be reached at [email protected]

本文作者是洛杉矶，洛约拉马利蒙特大学的传播学教授。