抗议蔓延至街头 - 中国制造使莫迪的印度制造计划陷入困境 [印度媒体]

Made in China swamps PM Modi's plans as backlash spreads to streets


抗议蔓延至街头——中国制造使莫迪的印度制造计划陷入困境



In Mohit Gogia’s stationary and gift store in Noida, near India’s capital, the only decorative lights for sale ahead of last month’s festival of lights were Chinese made. 

在印度首都新德里附近的Noida 地区，在上一个月的排灯节之前，Mohit Gogia的礼物店里唯一出售的装饰灯是中国制造的。

"India-made lights cost twice as much," said Gogia, as shoppers snapped up supplies for the Diwali celebration. "Customers aren’t willing to pay that." 

“印度造的灯的要花两倍价钱，”Gogia说，购物者为排灯节而抢购货物。“顾客不愿为之买单。”

Two-way trade statistics tell the tale. India’s deficit with China has ballooned nine-fold over a decade to $49 billion in 2016 as China’s manufacturing edge stacks the odds against Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s three-year-old ‘Make-in-India’ program. The result: India’s current account deficit is worsening again, threatening the outlook for an economy already straining under the fallout of a snap ban on high-value notes a year ago and a new sales tax. 

双边贸易统计数字说明了这一点。十几年间，印度对华贸易逆差增加了9倍，达到了490亿美元。总理纳伦德拉·莫迪的“印度制造”计划实施三年后，中国制造业的优势反倒更加巩固了。结果就是：印度的经常账赤字再次恶化，威胁到了印度本已吃紧的经济前景——一年前突然的“禁钞令”以及新销售税已经给经济造成很大压力。

Now -- a century after freedom fighters in colonial India launched a movement against British goods -- the backlash against Chinese products is ramping up. Swadeshi Jagran Manch, an economic policy group linked to the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, drew more than 100,000 onto the streets in the capital New Delhi on Oct. 29 in a rally against the dominance of Chinese products. A picture in the local press showed protesters holding Indian flags and a poster of Chinese President Xi Jinping with a cross mark on it. 

如今，在殖民时期的自由斗士们发起抵制英国商品运动一个世纪后，抵制中国产品的呼声不断高涨。10月29日，与执政党印度人民党有关联的一个经济政策组织Swadeshi Jagran Manch在首都新德里街头举行了超过10万人的游行示威，抗议中国商品的统治地位。

"This is the biggest-ever gathering to fight the dominance of Chinese goods," Arun Ojha, national convener of Swadeshi Jagran Manch, said in an interview in the hot, dusty protest site days ahead of the rally. "Our youth are losing jobs and we are becoming traders of Chinese products." 

“这是有史以来最大的一次抗议中国商品集会，”在集会前几天，集会召集人Arun Ojha在一个炎热、尘土飞扬的抗议现场接受采访时说，“我们的年轻人正失去工作，我们正成为中国商品贸易商。”

Swadeshi Jagran Manch says its boycott movement is a "second war of economic independence" and claims support from farmers, trade and labor associations -- the same groupings that Modi will rely on for re-election in 2019. Protest leaders met with Defense Minister Nirmala Sitharaman following the demonstration. Calls to her mobile and to the office of the prime minister seeking comment went unanswered.

Swadeshi Jagran Manch将其抵制运动称作“第二次经济独立战争”，并声称得到了农民、贸易业和劳工协会的支持——这些群体是莫迪2019年连任的关键所在。抗议活动领导人在示威活动后与国防部长Nirmala Sitharaman会面。记者打给她以及总理办公室寻求置评，但未获回复。



"This flood of Chinese imports fits in very uncomfortably with the priority of the Modi government to expand India’s manufacturing base," said Harsh Pant, professor of international relations at King’s College in London. "This trade deficit is now becoming a major headache. Though this is not unique to India-China economic ties, this is a major concern for Indian policy makers now that economic restructuring is a priority for New Delhi." 

伦敦国王学院国际关系学教授Harsh Pant表示：“中国进口品的大量涌入与莫迪政府发展印度制造业基础的优先任务非常不协调。这种贸易赤字正成为一个主要麻烦。虽然并非只有印度有对华贸易赤字，但这是印度政策制定者目前最为担心的，因为经济结构改革是新德里的当务之急。

In the last 10 years, there’s been a few episodes of rapid growth in India that led to rising external deficits and inflation and came to a halt because the government had to rein in demand in order to restore macroeconomic stability, said Louis Kuijs, head of Asia economics at Oxford Economics in Hong Kong. 

香港牛津经济研究院亚洲经济首席研究员Louis Kuijs 说，过去10年里，印度曾经历几轮经济快速增长，因为导致赤字增加和通货膨胀，增长最终停滞了下来，因为政府为了恢复宏观经济稳定性，必须抑制需求。

"The imbalanced trade relationship reflects the fact that India’s manufacturing sector remains strongly underdeveloped," Kuijs said. "Unless it is able to develop its manufacturing sector so that it can produce a large share of the growing demand for goods in its economy, India’s economic growth will be constrained by rising current account deficits and/or inflation and their consequences."

“不平衡的贸易关系反映了印度制造业仍然高度不发达，”Kuijs 说。“除非印度能发展其制造业并在很大程度上满足国内日益增长的商品需求，否则印度经济增长将受到经常账户赤字增加和/或通货膨胀及其所带来的后果的制约。”



India and China’s frosty relationship has already been put to the test by a weeks-long military standoff in the Himalayas earlier in the year. Indeed, demands to boycott Chinese goods gathered momentum after that conflict on the Doklam plateau refreshed memories of a border war between the two nations in 1962, where China emerged the victor. 

印中间的冷淡关系已经经受了一次考验——两国于今年早些时候在喜马拉雅地区进行了长达数周的军事对峙。实际上，在洞朗高原冲突后，抵制中国商品的呼声愈演愈烈，因为这让印度想起了1962年两国爆发的边境战争，当时中国取得了胜利。

Economically, India is losing out this time too: Taiwanese electronics giant Foxconn Technology Group has reportedly delayed a plan to set up a 3 billion rupees plant in the state of Maharashtra because of the standoff. Foxconn did not directly address whether its Maharashtra plant had been delayed. In a statement it said: "We are committed to the development of India’s technology and manufacturing sectors. Details regarding any new investments will only be announced once decisions have been made and all necessary approvals have been received." 

这次的经济战争印度也正在输掉：据报道，因为此次对峙，台湾电子巨头富士康科技集团推迟了在马哈拉施特拉邦设立一个价值30亿卢比的工厂的计划。富士康没有挑明该工厂计划是否被推迟了。它在一份声明中说：“我们致力于发展印度技术与制造业。关于新投资的任何细节只有最终决定做出并获得所有必要批准后才会被宣布。

China has a different perspective on the trade relationship. The two nations could benefit from collaborating more, not less, said Wang Huiyao, director of the Beijing-based think tank Center for China and Globalization and an adviser to China’s cabinet. 

中国对两国贸易关系有不同看法。位于北京的中国与全球化智库主任、中国内阁顾问王辉耀表示，增加、而不是减少合作，可以令两国获益。

A boycott "doesn’t make any economic sense -- it’s an irrational move," he said. "China’s products and China’s experience can really benefit India." 

抵制“没有任何经济意义——这是一种不理性的举动，”他说，“中国产品和中国经验确实可以令印度获益。”

China’s Ministry of Commerce didn’t respond to faxed questions seeking comment. 

中国商务部没有回复记者寻求置评的传真。

To be sure, Modi’s Made in India push hasn’t been without success. Foreign direct investment rose to a record $60 billion last financial year. But the program didn’t translate into lower imports from China, nor did it give any major push to manufacturing. Ironically, the USB flash drives with electronic versions of brochures distributed at the Make-in India program announcement in 2014 were made in China. 

可以肯定的是，莫迪推动的“印度制造”计划并没有取得成功。上个财政年度，外国(对印度)直接投资达到创纪录的600亿美元，但并没有转化为减少从中国的进口，也没有对印度制造业产生任何重大推进作用。讽刺的是，2014年，在“印度制造”项目发布会上使用的U盘正是中国制造的。

"No one is capable of competing with the Chinese," said Neelam Deo, a director of Mumbai-based think tank Gateway House and a former diplomat.

“没有人能与中国人竞争，”孟买智库Gateway House负责人、前外交官Neelam Deo说。


Aj Topia
Bloomberg always writes against Modi and its writers always appraise Chines on all topics be it economy or defense or any other, as Blomberg is anti-Indian and paid/ owned by Chines govt. Apart from that to promot manufacturing you need, 24/7 water, electricity, transportation, stable policies, good and stable local govt support, corruption free licensing, which Modi is trying to fix while opposing party opposes anything Modi, no matter how good it is for country, be it GST or Aadhar .. 

彭博社总是写反莫迪的文章，总是在经济、国防方方面面夸赞中国，彭博社是反印度的，中国政府给了他们钱。除了促进制造业之外，你还需要24/7的供水、供电、运输系统、稳定的政策、地方政府的稳定良好的支持、没有腐败的审批流程，这些都是莫迪试图改善的，而反对派逢莫必反，无论对国家有多好……例如销售税和Aadhar(印度唯一身份识别管理局)。

Nageswara Rao
Time to impose trade restrictions

是时候实施贸易限制了。

Egg Head
What about Metro coaches being imported from China? Make in India gone for a toss.

那么为什么还要从中国进口地铁车厢？“印度制造”就是一团糟。

Aj Topia
Contracted by previous Khangress govt, canceling orders are not as easy.

那是国大党签的合同，取消订单并不容易。

Manohar Deep
Citizens are very powerful. They should boycott stationery shops, mobile outlets, lighting , toys and other stores where Chinese items are stocked. This will teach a lesson to those traders who prefer to import cheap items from China and do not trade in Indian manufactured goods.

公民的力量是非常强大的。他们应该抵制文具店、流动摊贩、灯饰、玩具和其他出售中国商品的商店。这将给那些喜欢进口中国廉价商品而不是经营印度造的商人们一个教训。

Dividas
Kauilya has an answer.The state must fix the selling price taking into account the cost of manufacture, cost of transportation and a reasonable profit from which the state is to take 10% as tax. Cost of manufacturing/making will escalate with taxes and other levies. 

国家必须在考虑制造成本、运输成本、合理利润，以及10%的税后固定销售价格。制造成本会因为课税而增加。

Nir
What is Indian industry doing about bringing the prices down? Excuses are the same as they were 50 years ago. Why are Indian businesses so incompetent at competing?

印度工业做了什么降价措施？借口和50年前的一样。为什么印度企业在竞争中如此无能？

Stephen Jacob
Everybody want cheat & best, it''s not the question of patriotism, if I have money in my pocket I can spend, there is no unemployment insurance in India.

每个人都想要又便宜又好的，这不是爱国主义的问题，如果我口袋里有钱，我才能花钱，而印度并没有失业保险。

Hudaf Shaikh
Modi''s Looking East and the so-called Make in India are just covers for sharply increasing the imports from China to SellInIndia - typically at cost of Indian manufacturers and millions of Indian jobs. It is shocking that when over 50% of the solar panel capacity is idle, the Government is encouraging putting up new capacity using Chinese panels by allowing imports from China at 0% duty - very strange given that China strong support of Asian terror organizations - and courage in it''s being the only country blocking international sanctions against leaders of already terror organizations.

莫迪“向东看”和所谓“印度制造”只不过是在掩护大幅增加中国进口这一事实——典型的牺牲印度制造商和数百万印度人的工作。令人震惊的是，印度超过50%容量的太阳能电池板是闲置，政府竟然还鼓励增加装机容量，允许以零关税进口中国太阳能板——考虑到中国大力支持亚洲恐怖组织、是唯一阻拦制裁国际恐怖组织领导人的国家，这是非常奇怪的。

Parmjit Singh
Our priorities are misplaced..instead of going all out for the so much publicized VIKAS ,Make in India etc. we have been diverted to issues like Ram temple, Taj Mahal, Tipu Sultan, Cows, Patel v/s Nehru, Re-Writing history.....and We the Indians really deserve it.

我们把重点搞错了……在印度，我们没有全力执行广为宣传VIKAS、“印度制造”等计划，而是关心诸如拉姆神庙、泰姬陵、泰普苏丹、神牛、帕特尔(印度首任内政部长，国大党领导人)vs尼赫鲁、改写历史等问题……我们印度人真的是活该。

Nitin Chauhan
India should be scared of Chinese Hi-Tech equipment like Electric generators, 4G/5G Telecom equiment. Private sector companies like Reliance keep profits ahead of country''s security concerns and buy Chinese equipment which is lot cheaper than European and US companies

印度应该担心中国的高科技设备，比如发电机、4G / 5G电信等。像Reliance这样的私营企业将利益置于国家安全之上，购买比欧洲和美国公司便宜得多的中国设备。

Nitin Chauhan
Instead of blaming China, look inwards. India's manufacturing efficiencies, work-ethic of Indian workers, Unions and their political supporters are lynch pins for India to be a manufacturing hub. There is NO way India can match Chinese pricepoints NO matter the level of duties that are levied

与其指责中国，不如内省。印度的制造业效率，印度工人的职业道德，工会及其支持者都是印度成为制造业中心的关键。只靠征收关税，无论征收多少，印度都无法与中国产品的价格竞争

Karuna
It is high time India quit WTO. We should be importing what is actually not manufactured in India. Some unscroulous traders are giving designs of our gods and requirements to Chinese and are importing chinese goods. Track them and make Indian industry more robust

印度是时候退出WTO了。我们不应该进口不是印度制造的东西。一些不知廉耻的商人正在把印度出卖给中国人。找到并消灭他们，让印度工业更加强劲。

Raaj
If Indian Govt can not make its employees work for 120 days in a year why blame Chinese...,, China would shoot and incarcerate such work shirkers .. look at projects stuck bcoz of road side, mid road temples and dargaha or graves cane the obstructionists and free riders

如果印度政府做不到让员工一年工作120天，为什么要怪中国人？中国将会枪击并监禁这些逃避工作的人。看看有多少项目因为路边和路中间的寺庙、坟墓、蓄意阻挠者、占公家便宜的人而卡住？

Truth Prevail
FUNDAMENTAL difference between people of China & India is, people of China are already discipline & have good work ethihcs which they are trained and grew up in a communist country, where people have to have behave in certain manner else they face wrath of law. India copying DITTO democracy without even knowing what that means gave free hand to poorest people who can''t even buy one time meal but have the power to sell their votes & make even good governments fall. In short Chinese Government is not blackmailed but Indian Government is & everytime. This is the ROOT cause of all the miseries that India is going through. States are once again behaving like Princely states & do not want to foster growth, innovation & investment to make country grow. Government will have to start punishing those family whose families are far larger than their econmic conditions allow.

中国人民和印度人民的根本区别在于，中国人是在一个共产主义国家长大、接受训练的，他们已经有了良好的纪律观念和职业道德，人们必须遵守规矩行事，否则就将面临法律的惩罚。印度只是照搬民主，甚至没有意识到，民主让那些最贫穷的、甚至买不到一顿饭的人，却能随意出卖自己的选票，甚至让好的政府倒台。简而言之，中国政府没有被敲诈勒索，而是印度政府无时无刻不在被敲诈勒索。这是印度正经历的所有悲剧的根源。各地方政府一次又一次地表现得像土邦一样，抵触促进经济增长、创新和投资，使国家无法发展。政府将不得不开始惩罚那些人口远超其经济承受能力的家庭(指惩罚过度生育)。

Sasindran Ayadakandiyil
MAKE INDIA WILL NOT SUCCEED bcz we do not have ECONOMIES OF SCALE in the INFRA SECTOR : Power : 300 GW against 1200 GW. Ports : Shanghai''s capacity is HALF of all indan ports put together. Expressways : 40 times : steel production: 8 times.......nothing can be done for at least 2 decades !

“印度制造”将不会成功，因为我们的基础部门没有发展规模经济的能力：电力：印度300千兆瓦，中国1200千兆瓦；港口：一个上海的吞吐量就有印度所有港口加起来的一半。高速公路：中国是印度的40倍；钢铁：8倍……至少未来20年内我们都无能为力！

Kiran Chandra Gupta
It is well known that Chinese communist party and chinese govt control everything in China, local units are party controlled and exports are subsidized; on other hand, govt in india goes on taxing more and more to meet useless expenditure to support a big cabinet and an army of babus. That is the main reason make in india will fail.

众所周知，中国共产党和中国政府控制着中国的一切，地方单位是受党控制，出口是受补贴的；另一方面，印度政府为了养活无用的臃肿内阁和“先生们”而征收越来越多的税。这是印度失败的主要原因。

Diepak Paul
The difficulty has been created by three parts. 1) The consumer side:In India the consumer wants to pay less, and is not worried about the quality( Chalega, Chalta hai). This along with sudden rise in income and no training to find, the first product available is bought. For that there is enough Chinese Maal available.2) The Government & Supply side: The government could look at quality, security, and fair price. Keeping a clear focus on these imports will reduce, exports will rise. 3) Finally on the Supply side: China created unwanted capacities with large debt, and must sell to keep alive the industries, which keep people employed, the question quality of employment, and life can be left unanswered.

困难是由三部分造成的——1)消费者方面：在印度，消费者只想少花钱，不关心质量。加上收入突然增加、没有受过淘货的训练，因此先看到什么就买什么。政府和供货商方面：政府应该关注质量、安全和价格加工。聚焦于减少进口，增加出口。3)最后：中国制造了大量过剩产能和巨额债务，必须出口以让工业活下去、保证就业，他们不在乎工作环境和人命。

Rajan.N
11 days ago
the labour rates in china is higher but thier productivity 3 times that of indians, secondly our workers are spolied by pampering by congres cpm combination who spend time in raising slogans and political manouring to less work and more pay. they want bonus even in loss making companies, whereas china one party COMMUNIST rules there are no labour rights. if somebody indulges in unionbaji, the leader will disappear. no qestions asked! no opposition party, human rights commission, courts can qestion chinese govt.lastly they also give lot of incentives for exportts because of thier reserves. but when the bubble will burst god only knows because thier private sector is much more in debts than indian companes. least to say worst type of capitalism in the communist country,

中国的劳动力成本更高，但生产率是印度的3倍。其次，我们的工人被议会和工会宠坏了，他们提出口号，想工作更少却工资更多。他们想要奖金，即使公司在亏损，而在中国，没有劳工权利，没有任何反对党、人权委员会、或法院可以质疑中国政府。最后，因为他们的外汇储备量，他们也给予了出口品许多奖励。然而当泡沫破灭时，天知道会发生什么，因为中国的私营部门比印度公司负债多得多。

Srinath Sai
Comparing India with China is like chalk and cheese. The control there is absolute that entails successive planning and execution to happen quickly. We only know that but still we keep doing the comparisons out of our stupidity. Take the case of Tesla. Who deserves them more. China having over 2 lakh charging points as against India''s mere 350 charging points for the same population size. Still we don't stop our whining as if we have made everything prepared already for Tesla to take off. We need to develop labour intensive sectors but because of our being a democracy with dissipated control, we can't achieve on time to match the speed of population growth. Talking about apple or semiconductor industry is of no use as they can employ a few thousands and are not a good representative case for a country having billions of hungry-stomachs. Already a matured IT sector that has been around for 30 years that we brag about all the time, has so far managed to provide jobs for only a miniscule 0.5% of the workforce.

拿印度和中国比，看似相似，实质上相去甚远。我们就知道“在中国，控制是绝对的，计划是连续的、执行是迅速的”，然后还不停地做愚蠢的比较。以特斯拉为例。你就知道事实远不是这么简单。中国拥有超过20万个充电站，印度只有350个。而我们还抱怨个不停，好像我们已经为特斯拉做好一切准备似的。我们需要发展劳动力密集型产业，但由于我们是一个内耗严重的民主国家，我们的产业发展速度无法跟上人口增长速度。讨论苹果或半导体行业毫无意义，因为他们只能雇几千人，对于一个拥有十亿饥饿人口的国家来说并非一个好的选择。我们一直在吹嘘的成熟的IT部门已经存在了近30年，但到目前为止，它只消化了微不足道的0.5%的劳动力人口。

I think it's somewhat late to get our population on board as robots have started coming already. I think it's too little too late for us. Maybe, we can have some consolation in Stephen Hawking's words when he urged the humanity to quickly have a ''world government'' that can enable all of us to move out of earth in 100 years, once humans face redundancy in robots presence. So the problem is widespread, but only thing it's bites our country first as we are very much under-

我认为，我们的人口红利来得多少有些晚了，因为机器人的时代已经到来。我们有些太迟了。或许，我们可以从霍金的话中寻得些许安慰，他敦促人类迅速成立一个“世界政府”，一旦人类在机器的存在面前显得多余，我们所有人就可以在100年内移民出地球。所以说这个问题其实很普遍，但我们的国家首当其冲。