quora: 为什么印度没有选择时速600公里磁悬浮，而选择时速300公里基于轮轨的高铁

Why didn't India opt for 600 kph Maglev technology and rather opted for 300 kph wheel based HSR technology for India's bullet train program?

为什么印度的高铁项目没有选择时速600公里的磁悬浮技术，而是选择时速300公里的基于轮毂的高铁技术?

quora评论翻译：

Raghunandan Reddy C, studied Civil Engineering at Texas A&M University - Kingsville (2017)
Answered Feb 6

To explain briefly, more expensive and an unproven technology

简单说，更贵，技术还有待验证

 

Piyush Mahajan

Beggers can not the choosers

要饭的哪能挑肥拣瘦，没有选择权就只好满足于能得到的东西

 

Rohit Kapoor, lives in India
Answered Jul 2, 2017

Investment issues… too high for being viable that too when logistics and maintenance back up for a 600 Kmph train may not be available in India!

投资问题。成本太高。印度基础设施支撑不起600公里时速的火车。

 

Sashank Reddy, works at Neato Robotics

Updated May 4, 2018

萨尚克.雷迪,受雇于美国俐拓

1. The cost : Maglevs need completely new land, new all elevated route for the train and new stations. You are looking at 4+ times the cost. Spending that much is nonsense when the public cant afford $1 ticket every day. All foreign technology costs in $$ ; about 10 times what it would cost us.

2. Maglevs need superconducting materials to a certain degree. They are expensive and need to be fully imported.

3. There is only one maglev commercially running in Shanghai china. It has been making headlines for not being so profitable to operate.

1、成本：磁悬浮需要全新的地面、高架线路和车站，成本要高4倍。当印度民众都负担不起每天1美元的票价时，花那么多钱简直是无稽之谈。而且所有外国技术费用都是以美元计价，成本还得再高10倍。

2、在某种程度上，磁悬浮需要超导材料，这种材料很贵，而且完全要靠进口。

3、在中国，只有上海有一条商业运营的磁悬浮列车线，但它一直因经营不善盈利不理想而成为头条新闻。

If India went for maglevs, we would be the second nation to commeecialise it. Thats a huge expensive risk.

如果印度选择了磁悬浮，我们将成为第二个选择它的国家。但这风险太大，代价太高。

India did a study on feasibility and found that the maglev would be unaffordable for the public who buy tickets in the range of 200 to 500. Single ticket in maglevs would be over INR 1500 to 2000 and would break even after 8+ years. The government will incur a huge subsidy charges in its budget to keep it affordable.

印度做过一项可行性研究，发现对于只能买得起200-500卢比火车票的民众来说，根本负担不起磁悬浮车票。磁悬浮单程票价在1500-2000卢比，要8年以上才能实现收支平衡。政服预算要补贴巨额费用，才能让民众负担得起票价。

You can reach 350kph with bullets by only changing tracks and upgrading stations. Waaaay cheaper than maglevs. Ticket prices may go up by a 100 but thats affordable to many.

只要更换轨道和升级车站，高铁就可以达到时速350公里，这比磁悬浮便宜多了。票价可能会上涨100卢比，但这对很多人来说是可以承受的。

I had the same question and started to read a bit to understand the apparently "stupid" decession of the government. Once you look at the reality, the 600+ kph sounds like an overkill for India. We cant afford it untill our economy is 4 times its current size in GDP and we can make substantial gains in Research and Development to reduce costs.

虽然我也有同样的疑问，但我也开始理解政服这显得有点“愚蠢”的决定。一旦你看清了现实，就会发现时速600公里+对印度来说有点过头了。除非我们的经济规模是目前GDP的4倍，而且我们可以在研发上取得长足的进步以降低成本，否则我们根本负担不起。

 

Rajesh Perumal R, Indian Government Policies Follower

拉杰什佩鲁马尔 R，印度政服政策的追随者

Answered Sep 26, 2017

Let me put a question back to you. You have two options to chose (1) 50Year casualty free (no human affected of accident) Rail project with 80% funding with 50year loan repayment term with 0.1% interest (15 year grace period). (2) Not yet widely proven rail method, which will cost almost India’s GDP.

我来反问你一个问题，你有两个选择：(1)铁路项目--50年无事故(无人员伤亡的事故)，80%资金来自50年期限贷款，利率0.1%(15年宽限期)。(2)尚未被广泛证实的铁路方法，几乎耗费印度的GDP。

Please select an option from above two.

请从以上两个选项中做出选择。

If your answer is option (1), That’s what India have done it. It doesn’t want to just add something(Just because it’s faster) into its network. But it wanted to have a quality oriented Accident free Rail system, which is Shinkansen Model.

如果你的答案是选项(1)，那就是印度现在所做的，不想仅仅因为速度快而在铁路网络中添加一些东西（仅仅因为它更快）。但它想要一个高质量的无事故铁路系统，即新干线模式。

If your answer is option(2), you need to study more about Indian Economics.

如果你的答案是选项(2)，那你需要多研究一下印度的经济状况。

 

Abdulwaheed Sayed, electrical engineer and rail fan

阿卜杜勒瓦希德.赛义德，电气工程师，铁路迷

Answered Dec 15, 2015 · Author has 148 answers and 524.1k answer views

on a Km-to-Km basis, Maglev trains are more expensive to construct [1]. The technology behind them, while not new, hasn't been really put to much use else where in the world (only China has done it) unless the conventional rail on wheels technology which has a proven track record of years and has been successfully implemented in various countries.

[1]在时速基础上，磁悬浮列车造价更加昂贵[1]。磁悬浮背后的技术，虽然不是新技术，但在世界范围内还没有真正被广泛应用(除了中国)，而传统的轮轨技术有多年的实践经验，并且已经在不同国家成功实施。

Maglev has its own set of advantages, the biggest being the ability to climb on tracks with more gradients and better acceleration and deceleration figures [2] but they aren't very important to this line as:

磁悬浮有自己的优势，最大优势在于能够在坡度更高、加减速更好控制的轨道上爬升[2]，但它们对这条线路（孟买--阿默达巴德）来说并不重要，因为:

The halts are at quite a distance. It is expected to have 11 halts in a distance of 534 Km (giving average distance between halts of about 50 Km), allowing sufficient distance to accelerate and decelerate[3].

停车距离很远。预计在534公里的距离内会有11次停车(平均停车距离约为50公里)，有足够的距离来加速和减速[3]。

there are no significant grades along the route[4]. As evident from the map (link below) it is an almost flat terrain between Mumbai and Ahmadabad.

沿线地形并没有明显分级[4]。从地图可以明显看出，孟买和阿默达巴德之间几乎是平坦地带。

Hence, considering the above point, it is better to go for conventional technology for HSR in India rather than the even more expensive, not much used Maglev technology.

因此，考虑到以上几点，印度高铁最好采用传统技术，而不是更昂贵但不太常用的磁悬浮技术。

 

Shubham, Studied at IIT Kharagpur

舒布哈姆，曾就读于在印度理工学院克勒格布尔分院

Updated Oct 7, 2017 · Author has 225 answers and 894.4k answer views

Nowhere in the world has Maglev been operated at such speed. The only Maglev currently operating is the Shanghai Maglev which runs on a stretch of just 30 km with a top speed of 431 kmph. It is more like a metro than a real train. It hasn’t been able to generate profit anytime. The commercial run started way back in 2004 but even after 13 years China hasn’t expanded its network which shows that its not feasible to operate at such cost.

全世界没有一个地方的磁悬浮运行速度有如此之快。目前唯一运行的磁悬浮在上海，但它的运行范围只有30公里，最高时速为431公里。它更像是地铁而不是真正的火车。而且它在任何时候都无法盈利，商业运营早在2004年就开始了，但即使是在13年后，中国也没有扩大它的网络，这表明以这样的成本运营是不可行的。

In the last 20 years, China has built a 22,000 km vast network high speed railway for the wheel based trains with Maximum Speed of 400 kmph.

在过去的20年里，中国建成了一条22000公里的高铁网络，用于轮轨列车，最高时速为400公里。

It took $1.2 Billion to construct just a 30 km stretch for Maglev in 2004. Maglevs also have a much higher operational cost.

2004年，仅仅30公里的磁悬浮，他们就花费了12亿美元。而且磁悬浮的运营成本也要高得多。

Bullet trains are proven technology and many countries aspire to run them but you can’t say the same for Maglevs. So its better to invest in bullet trains rather than in Maglevs.

高铁是经过验证的技术，许多国家都渴望使用这种技术，但磁悬浮却与此不同，投资高铁比投磁悬浮要更好。

The Japanese have been able to run the wheel based 300 kmph bullet trains on a marginal profit.

日本人已经能够以300公里的时速运行轮轨高铁了，虽然利润很微薄。

 

Anubhab Kundu, Trains are my fascination...curiosity and special interest

阿努巴布.昆都，出于好奇心和特别兴趣，对火车着迷

Answered Mar 29, 2017 · Author has 2k answers and 508.9k answer views

To understand what is there in here, let me give u an example. Say u have a black and white mobile which is 15 years old and which is not performing well now. So the remedy is to take a new device. But u have a large array of options: feature phone, smart phone, non media colour phone, torch phone etc. An average smart phone costs around 6000 inr. And a feature phone around 3–4k inr. Had india invested on maglev train, it would be like you investing money on a high tech smartphone than on a feature phone first.

为了更好理解，我举个例子：假设你有一部已经用了15年的黑白手机，但现在性能不佳，所以补救方法就是买一款新手机，但是你有很多选择：功能手机，智能手机，非媒体彩色手机，触屏手机等等。普通的智能手机售价大约6000卢比。功能手机大约在3000-4000卢比左右。如果印度投资磁悬浮列车，就像你选择高科技智能手机一样，而不是首选功能手机。

Secondly india needs to know what wheel based HSR technology is b4 upgrading to maglev HSR technology.

其次，在升级为磁悬浮高铁技术之前，印度需要了解清楚基于轮毂的高铁技术是怎么一回事。

Manglev is under experimental stage and may never be economically viable(at least next 10 years) even for countries like Germany and Japan which developed them.

磁悬浮正处于试验阶段，即使是对德国和日本等开发磁悬浮的国家来说，也可能永远无法实现经济上的可行性(至少在未来10年)。

Considering the path breaking progress made by Elon Musk in developing PayPal and SpaceX , It may be feasible for him to economically implement the Hyperloop, capable of running at 1200+ km/hr

鉴于伊隆马斯克在开发PayPal和SpaceX上所取得的突破性进展，对他来说，实现能以1200+ km/h的时速运行的超级高铁在经济上可能是可行的

 

Billu Mandal, Have been to lots of India

比鲁·曼达尔，去过印度很多次

Answered Dec 15, 2015 · Author has 415 answers and 426.6k answer views

Maglev is still a developing technology. It's implementation is going to be costly. Since Indian industry is not developing this technology, all the money in implementation is going to go outside, why do it.

磁悬浮仍然是一种发展中的技术，而且造价昂贵。由于印度相关行业尚未开发这项技术，那么建设磁悬浮的所有花费都将流向国外，那干嘛要选磁悬浮呢?

Rail based HSR technology is stable technology. It'd be far cheaper than it was when it was developing.

基于轨道的高铁技术不仅稳定，而且和开发时的价格相比，高铁技术目前的造价便宜多了。

Jalubula Rajesh, An uneducated , transforming Indian....

贾鲁布拉.拉杰什, 一个没受过教育的，改造中的印度人

Answered Dec 15, 2015 · Author has 53 answers and 60.5k answer views

As Billu Mandal mentioned, Maglev is still yet-to-be-fully-developed technology where as bullet is already well established and proved to be safe.

正如比鲁•曼达尔(Billu Mandal)所提到的，磁悬浮技术发展还不成熟，然而高铁已经颇具规模并且经证实是安全的。

Cost also is another issue- maglev needs almost 50 times more money to construct per km than bullet.

此外，成本也是一个问题，磁悬浮每公里的造价几乎是高铁的50倍。

-Jai Hind

印度必胜

 

Vikas Shelke

维卡斯.谢尔克

Answered Oct 6, 2017 · Author has 147 answers and 29.2k answer views

Its Maglev is too advanced for nation like India. It's Power drained and would require far outstanding engineering capabilities with social decipline. What would happen if people agitate on Maglev tracks or damage the tracks when a train is rushing at 500km h.

磁悬浮技术对于像印度这样的国家来说太先进了。它耗能巨大，需要非常出色的工程能力和社会纪律。如果民众对磁悬浮轨道不满，或者当列车以500公里的时速疾驰时损坏轨道，会发生什么后果?

 

Ted Slevin

泰德•斯莱文

Answered Feb 28, 2018

Because maglev requires a motor as long as the travel distance consisting of copper wire and magnetisable poles

the HSR only requires 2 iron rails and some sleepers over the same distance

you will only see maglev on very short high value routes such as city centre to airport

因为磁悬浮需要一个能覆盖整个行程的发动机，由铜线和磁极组成。

高铁只需要2条铁轨和一些间距相同的枕木。

你只能在非常短的高价值路线上看到磁悬浮列车，比如市中心到机场

 

Susnata Mondal, A freelancer, translator, trancreator and an omni-optimist.

苏珊娜·蒙达尔，自由作家，译者，乐天派。

Answered Dec 11, 2016 · Author has 541 answers and 137k answer views

We didn't do so for these reasons: Will maglev be successful in India?

我们没有这么做是因为：请查看--磁悬浮在印度会成功吗?

原创翻译：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/45575.html  译者：Jessica.Wu

外文：https://www.quora.com/Why-didnt-India-opt-for-600-kph-Maglev-technology-and-rather-opted-for-300-kph-wheel-based-HSR-technology-for-Indias-bullet-train-program