卡帕坎核反应堆让世界嫉妒令印度骄傲，印网友：干得好莫迪

Nuclear reactor at Kalpakkam: World's envy, India's pride

卡帕坎核反应堆让世界嫉妒令印度骄傲

YEKATERINBURG(Russia):

叶卡捷琳娜堡（俄罗斯）：

Hidden from public, on the shores of the Bay of Bengal at Kalpakkam near Chennai, Indian nuclear scientists are in the final throes of starting a high-tech giant stove more than 15 years in the making.

金奈附近的卡帕坎，在不为人知的孟加拉海湾的海岸线上，印度的核科学家正在紧张的忙碌，一座施工超过15年的巨型熔炉马上就要启动。

This novel nuclear reactor is a kind of an 'akshaya patra', the mythical goblet with a never-ending supply of food.

这个新型的核反应堆就像传说中 'akshaya patra'圣杯， 'akshaya patra'是印度神话中的容器，可以提供无限的食物。

The Department of Atomic Energy is getting ready to commission its ultra-modern indigenously designed and locally mastered fast-breeder reactor.

原子能部已经做好了将这座印度人设计印度人掌握的超现代中子快速增殖反应堆投入使用的准备。

Experts say to make nuclear energy sustainable, one sure shot way is to make fast-breeder reactors+ mainstream.

据专家透露，实现继续释放原子能的方式主要有两种：一种是快速增殖反应堆，另外一种是现在主要应用的压水堆（或慢中子反应堆）。

Yukiya Amano, Director General of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, says "fast reactors can help extract up to 70 per cent more energy than traditional reactors and are safer than traditional reactors while reducing long lived radioactive waste by several fold."

国际原子能机构总干事天野之弥说“快速反应堆能够释放比传统反应堆多70%的能量，而且更安全，产出的核废料也大幅降低。”

Easier said than done, since these reactors are also notoriously unstable and hence difficult to run reliably over long periods.

知易行难，快速堆也众所周知的不稳定，很难实现长时间可靠运行。

Called a 'Fast-Breeder Reactor', these are a special kind of nuclear reactors that generate more atomic fuel than they consume as they work.

之所以叫快速增殖反应堆，是因为在反应堆在运行的过程中会产生比它消耗的更多的核燃料。

India has been running an experimental facility called a Fast-Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) now for 27 years.

一个名为快速增殖测试反应堆（FBTR）的实验性质的反应堆在印度已经运行了27年。

This is a small nuclear reactor a forerunner for the monster that India has constructed at Kalpakkam called the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). This will generate electricity commercially using the fast breeder route.

此次印度在卡帕坎建设的名为快速增殖原型反应堆（PFBR）是一个较小的初始型号，它利用快速增殖原理为印度提供商业化电力。

The world's only commercially operating fast breeder reactor is situated in the Ural Mountains of Russia at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant, not far from Russia's fourth largest city Yekateringburg.

世界上唯一商业化运行的快速增殖反应堆位于俄罗斯乌拉山畔的别洛亚尔斯克核电厂，距离俄罗斯第四大城市叶卡捷琳娜堡不远。

The Russians today are the global leaders in fast-breeder reactors having operated a fast-breeder reactor called BN 600 since 1980.

从1980开始，俄罗斯就开始运行BN600型快速增殖反应堆。在如今的快速增殖反应堆领域，俄罗斯是当之无愧的王者。

In 2016, the Russian nuclear agency Rosatom commercially commissioned its big brother -- the BN 800 fast breeder reactor.

2016年，俄罗斯原子能机构Rosatom商业化投入使用了后续的BN800型快速增殖反应堆。

This reactor produces about 800 MW of electricity and supplies it to the Ural region including the city of Yekateringburg.

这个反应堆可以提供800MW的电力，乌拉尔地区包括叶卡捷琳娜堡的电力都是由它提供。

While electricity that is produced is no different than any other electricity but the global community of atomic boffins is suitably chuffed about this unique achievement.

尽管它提供的电力没有什么特别之处，世界上的原子能科学家仍然为这个进步而感到高兴。

M Chudakov, now with the IAEA and well-known Russian fast breeder expert, calls "these reactors a bridge to the future as they can supply an almost unlimited supply of electricity".

国际原子能机构科学家，著名的俄罗斯快速增殖专家M Chudakov称“这些反应堆是连接未来的桥梁，它们可以提供近乎无限的电力”。

All eyes are now on southern India where another global nuclear milestone is likely to be crossed this year.

如今全世界的目光集中在了南印度，一个全球意义的里程碑将会在今年内被跨越。

Arun Kumar Bhaduri, Director of the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam says, "fast breeder reactors are far safer than the current generation of nuclear plants and that all efforts are being made to kickstart within this year India's first commercial fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam."

位于卡帕坎的印度甘地原子能研究中心（IGCAR）主任Arun Kumar Bhaduri说，“快速增殖堆要远比现在核电厂的压水堆安全，印度第一个具有商业意义的快速增殖堆将于今年内在帕坎完成安装。”

Such is the interest in fast breeder reactors that more than 700 of the best atomic scientists from over 30 countries gathered at Yekateringburg in IAEA's conference on the 'next generation nuclear systems for sustainable development'. The scientists deliberated on how to make nuclear energy last for several centuries.

基于对快速增殖堆的关注，来自30多个国家的700多位最出色的原子科学家出席了叶卡捷琳娜堡的IAEA会议，会议围绕着“下一代可持续发展的核能系统”的主题展开。科学家们高兴的讨论如何让核能持续数百年。

Given India's expertise, the co-chair of the conference was Suresh Chetal, one of the early pioneers of fast breeder reactors who helped tame fast breeder reactors for New Delhi when he was at the IGCAR.

考虑到印度在这方面的专业能力，Suresh Chetal担任了会议的共同主席。他印度快速增殖堆的最早先驱者之一，在IGCAR期间为印度快速增殖反应堆做出了突出贡献。

Many countries have dabbled with fast breeder reactors and have given up, first off the block was the US but it gave up since inherently American governments have an allergic response with re-processing of nuclear waste in addition since USA has enough supplies of fissile material there is no hunger to maximally extract energy from uranium.

很多国家都曾涉足过快速增殖堆领域，但是最后却都放弃了。首先是美国，美国拥有充足的裂变物质供应，根本没有兴趣如何从铀中最大化提取能量。美国放弃快速增殖堆（研究）带来的恶果之一就是美国政府总是对核废料的处理充满了忧虑。

Japan and France both had robust programmes with fast breeder technology but repeated failure to safely handle liquid sodium forced them to more or less give up on fast reactors.

日本和法国都曾开展过快速增殖堆的实验性项目，但是由于始终无法处理液态纳而最终迫使他们或多或少的放弃了快速增殖堆。

China is more than a decade behind India in trying to master this complex beast.

中国在这方面的研究落后印度至少10年以上。

Russia invested heavily in developing the fast breeder technology but since it commissioned its first fast breeder reactor BN 600 in 1980 it suffered an economic meltdown as the former Soviet Union broke up and only recently Russia could gather enough resources to complete its upgraded fast breeder reactor BN 800.
Today the BN 800 is a flagship reactor that uses both uranium and plutonium as fuel and generates electricity that is supplied to the grid. A visit to the facility reveals a squeaky clean reactor where seasoned operators like Ivan Sidrow are also experimenters as they go about trying to design a bigger 1200 MW fast breeder reactor.

俄罗斯曾经投巨资在快速增殖堆技术上，投入使用了世界上第一个快速增殖堆BN600。但是随着苏联解体，俄罗斯经济遭遇重挫。直到最近俄罗斯才搞到了足够的资金用以完成升级版快速增殖堆BN800。

India's own PFBR is unique and rather different from the Russian fast breeder reactor though both use the same basic principle of physics. Fast breeder reactors are called such not because they run faster but because the neutrons that sustain the atomic chain reaction travel at a much higher velocity than neutrons that help run the traditional atomic plants. These are called breeders as they generate more fuel than they consume a fact hard to fathom since they seem to defy the laws of conservation of energy. But a very unique quirk of elemental uranium makes this possible. Nuclear reactors use a flavour of uranium called U-235 which unfortunately constitutes a minuscule quantity even in super purified uranium. The larger component is what is called U-238 this flavour is the bulk but is essentially a waste product as the atomic reaction cannot be sustained by this elemental flavour. In a fast breeder reactor the very special fast neutrons interact with the so called wasted uranium U-238 and converts it into a valuable resource. This is why fast breeders are akin to an 'akshaya patra'. India's fast breeder reactor is even more unique as within it the country also deploys special rods of thorium which when they get exposed to or irradiated by fast neutrons they generate U-233 and a normally benign thorium turns into a valuable atomic material.

尽管两者基于相同的物理学规则，印度自主的PFBR与俄罗斯的快速增殖堆有很大不同。快速增殖堆之所以被称为快速，不是因为反应堆运行速度更快，而是因为维持链式反应的中子运动速度比压水堆更高（压水堆又叫慢中子反应堆）。之所以叫增殖，是因为反应堆会产生比消耗的燃料更多的能量，这有点难以理解，貌似违反了我们熟知的能量守恒定律。但是通过特定铀元素可以实现这点。核反应堆使用铀的一种同位素U-235（做燃料），但是在提纯的铀中U-235的含量相当低，剩下更多的成分是U-238。U-238因为无法维持核反应而成为核废料。在快速增殖堆中，快速中子撞击U-238同位素，将其转变成有价值的原料。这也是称快速增殖堆为“akshaya patra”圣杯的原因。印度的快速增殖堆更为特殊，它采用的是钍棒，钍在快速中子的辐射下会生成U-233。无价值的钍就变成了有价值的核燃料。

It is well known that India is very energy hungry and as economic growth takes place mega quantities of electricity will be required.

众所周知，印度是一个能源匮乏国家，随着印度经济崛起，对电力的渴求也变得愈发迫切。

Unfortunately, nature has not been bountiful on India as the Indian land mass is not endowed with enough uranium but on the other hand the country has the world's second largest store of thorium.

不幸的是，上天并不眷顾印度，印度的土地上并没有丰富的铀矿，却有这世界第二大储量的钍矿。

Today the country in a well thought out strategy is mastering fast breeder reactors that can be an effective via media for utilising the vast thorium reserves.

今天，这个国家通过深思熟虑的战略掌握了快速增殖堆这一有效利用丰富钍资源的技术。

印度网贴翻译

Dr VidyadharInfluencer Wordsmith Networker Dr Vidyadhar-Bangalore-7 hours ago
MMS replied in 2013, Indias Nuclear agreement with US as his biggest achievement in his 10 years of rule, but not a single reactor came with that, Westinghiuse, which was suppose to provide nuclear reactors, declared bankruptcy, and recently Modi went there with Make in India proposal for the first time and Westinghhouse will provide the reactor designs fro make in India program. That is Modi for you guys.

MMS在2013年说印度跟美国的核协议是他十年在职期间最大的成就，但结果却没有一个核反应堆出现。应该为印度提供核反应堆的西屋公司已经宣布破产了。最近莫迪去美国第一次提出了印度的请求，然后西屋公司将提供专为印度设计在印度制造的反应堆。天降莫迪于印度！！

Hi SudipInfluencer Wordsmith News King Dr Vidyadhar-2 hours ago
Indian's civil nuclear program is not 3yrs old, don't misguide the people by chanting a single name. Chant wherever is applicable.

印度的国内核项目不是开始于3年前，不要念叨一个名字（莫迪）来误导民众。到合适的地方念叨去。

Bala SrinivasanInfluencer Wordsmith Networker Hi Sudip-saginaw USA-1 hour ago
he didn't you surmised Dr.

他没有，你在推测吧。

Venkataramani VsInfluencer Wordsmith News King Dr Vidyadhar-Mumbai-1 hour ago
Sh MMS is not allowed to work freely! Otherwise, he would have done a lot to our motherland!! Honest man with his hands tied cannot do anything in politics.

Sh MMS都没有很大的工作自由！但是，他仍然为他的祖国做了很多！！被绑住手脚的老实人不可能在政治上有大作为的。

Dr VidyadharInfluencer Wordsmith Networker Dr Vidyadhar-Bangalore-7 hours ago
several Christian organisations and Christian NGOs(National Council of Churches), who do not want India to rely up on cleaner energies, are pushing Uday Kumar, a traitor from Tamilnadu who works on wages for these NGOs in turn paid to Prashanth Bhushan(ex AAP lawyer) to legally create hurdles.
Uday Kumar is Christian goon traitor, openly declares, if you pay him he will take the mob to the sea and create ruckus, and even demand separate Tamilnadu country also.

几个基督教组织和基督教NGO（全国基督教协会）不希望印度依靠核能，他们让Uday Kumar这个从他们那领工资的叛徒付钱给Prashanth Bhushan（AAP前律师）来合法的制造障碍。Uday Kumar是个基督教黑帮叛徒，他公开宣称只要付钱给他，他就带着暴民去海边制造骚动，甚至分裂泰米尔纳德邦。

No NameInfluencer Wordsmith Member No-7 hours ago
This is what happens when Scientists are selected on the basis of their merits and not based on reservations.

当科学家依靠能力选拔而不依靠预留位置选拔的时候就会发生这样的事。

Ashish Verma Ashish-7 hours ago
Best lines in the article "China is more then decade behind india"

这篇文章最棒的地方在这：“中国落后印度至少10年以上”

Alex MotilalInfluencer Wordsmith Networker Alex Motilal-6 hours ago
Well done Mr.Modi. This came into being because of your endless dreams in your childhood!

干得好莫迪。这个之所以实现是源自您童年时代的无尽梦想。

LawshastraInfluencer Movie Buff Wordsmith Lawshastra-7 hours ago
There were so many Indians thwarting this proud moment, either led by envious countries or jealous political parties

有那么多印度人妨碍这个骄傲的时刻，他们不是接受敌国的领导就是嫉妒的政党。

Rage RagingInfluencer Wordsmith Member Rage-6 hours ago
And those people who bring politics please leave! This is for our country and people. Think this as a whole. Don't divide it between political groups.

那些拿政治来说的人走开！这是为了我们的祖国和人民。从大局着想，不要分裂成不同的政治团体。

Jumle wale BabaInfluencer Wordsmith Networker Jumle wale Baba-7 hours ago
I wonder if the Blind Bhakts are going to give credit for this project to Congress or Modi?

我在想Blind Bhakts会不会因为这个项目向国会和莫迪致敬！

Suratprakash RaoMember Suratprakash-7 hours ago
Time and again there's no need to make public any sensitive matter

没有必要公布任何的敏感事件

（译者：时间快）

（来源：http://www.ltaaa.com/wtfy/22362.html）