quora: 与中国相比，印度缺少什么？

What does India lack when compared to China?

与中国相比，印度缺少什么？

quora评论翻译

Sriharish Padmanabhan
India and China are ancient civilizations which cannot be looked at through limited contemporary lenses of economic growth. These are extremely layered societies and our measurement of growth has to be much more nuanced than the perspective that our economic models afford us.
That said, in strictly economic terms, China has a lot less complexities to deal with considering that the communist party reigns supreme. This manifests in chinese labor laws, human rights laws, market laws etc. The speed with which the chinese have shaped this era leaves most baffled.
BACKGROUND
From spirituality down to town planning, indic civilizations have always sought to work with its subjects and adopt a rather “hands off model”. when one looks at the millions of devtas (not gods) in india, or for that matter the architecture of ancient indic mega cities, one is essentially looking at the same philosophy : de-centralization.
Whether it is Harappa in the north west or say Tanjore in the deep south, all have an architecture of being extremely de-centralized. almost all major kingdoms seem to have adopted a similar structure, which talks a lot about the way in which the king and his entourage perceived the role of governance and to a great extent, has set the tone when it comes to expectations of public from the govt. This is not to say that India is a 100% sensitive to its people as institutional apathy seems to be a common phenomenon. But India CANNOT move ahead if apathy is the norm as Indians would poo-poo this kind of a model. The result is that enviormental clearances wont come through, farmers wont give their land etc. etc.
on the contrary, the chinese enjoy a rich tradition in centralized planning. bear in mind that this is a civilization that built the great wall in break neck speed. not to portray china in a negative light at all, as after all, this is one of the most significant and beautiful civilizations known to man. but democratic thinking is definitely not their forte.
Come this century, while both these civilizations have come a long way from their colonial past, unwittingly enough, both nations have unconsciously retained their ancient zeitgeist. You are more Indian than you realize and after having moved with very many chinese people, it does come to mind that they are indeed more chinese than one realizes. The Indians and chinese are quint essentially the same people that have made minor changes to their way of life.
this ancient thought process is best captured in our present governance models.
china decides and china does. india decides and india too does, in a few decades that is:). the communist part enjoys a relatively free hand in bringing about change to their nation. The GoI however has to engage and persuade almost all stakeholders in the process,hence slowing things down. neither is right or wrong, but each is uniquely theirs.
But what seems like a painfully slow process has the spirit of consensus etched into it. when india moves, it would have HOPEFULLY resolved all major issues including that of human rights, environment, labor laws etc. for india without those pieces in place, wouldnt be india at all. In a thriving India, the cauvery and capital would be equally sacred.
and such a deeply emotional language is a language that the rest of the world understands and doesnt really fear.
Ive never been more optimistic about india than I am today. for all her obvious flaws, shes not gonna gloss over and present a different version of herself merely because it means a higher growth rate (and im not saying thats a good thing).
India is evidently what she is for you are evidently what you are.
and it is what it is.
So Indians need not fret looking at the chinese model. Indians can learn but ultimately be proud that this country will be the sanctuary of the “very many”.
And if that in economic terms mean a few basis points lesser growth, then Indians will have to deal with that.
Sorry, I wish I had the time to write a shorter answer. Its a great question.
Cheers

印度和中国都是古代文明，不能从有限的当代经济增长的角度来看待它们。他们都是层次分明的社会，我们对增长的衡量必须比我们的经济模式所提供的视角更加微妙。话虽如此，从严格的经济角度来看，中国的复杂性要比印度小得多。这体现在我国劳动法、人权法、市场法等方面。中国人在这个时代塑造的速度真是让人困惑不已。

背景
从精神层面到城市规划，印度文明一直寻求与其臣民合作，并采取相当的“放手模式”。当你看到印度数百万的“devtas ”(不是神)，或者说古代印度大城市的建筑时，人们本质上是在看同一种哲学，即：去中央集权化。
无论是西北部的哈拉帕还是南方深处的坦焦尔，它们都有着一个高度非集中化的体系结构。几乎所有印度的主要王国似乎都采用了类似的结构，这种结构经常谈到常谈到国王及其随从如何看待政服的作用，并在很大程度上为公众对政服的期望定下了基调。这并不是说因为普遍的、由来已久的漠然使得印度是一个对人民百分之百敏感的国家。但是，如果冷漠成为印度人的常态，印度人就会不鸟这种模式，那么印度就无法向前迈进。其结果是，环境许可不会通过，农民不会让出他们的土地等等。

相反，中国人在集中规划方面有着丰富的传统。请记住，这是一个以惊人的速度建造长城的文明。相反，中国人在集中规划方面有着丰富的传统。请记住，这是一个以惊人的速度建造长城的文明。但敏煮思维绝对不是他们的强项。
到了本世纪，虽然这两个文明都从其被殖民的历史上走得很远，但不知不觉中，这两个国家却不知不觉地保留了它们的古老时代精神。你比你想象的更像印度人，在和很多中国人一起工作过之后，我确认识到到他们确实比他们所意识到的更像一个中国人。印度人和中国人本质上是同样的人，那就是他们的生活方式不会发生很大的变化。
这个古老的思想过程很好地反映在我们目前的治理模式中。

中国：做决定，然后放手去干；印度：也作决定，也去干——不过是在十几年之后:)。T·G人在给他们的国家带来变革方面享有相对的自由。然而，印度政服在改革过程中必须让几乎所有利益攸关方参与这一进程，并说服他们，从而减慢了事态的发展。两者无对错之分，他们都是自己独一无二的传统的治理方式。
但是，看似缓慢得令人痛苦的进程，却刻下了协商一致的精神。一旦印度采取行动，它就非常有望解决所有重大问题，包括人权、环境、劳动法等。对印度来说，没有这些东西，根本就不是印度。在一个欣欣向荣的印度，科弗里河（印度南部）和首都（印度北部）同样神圣。

这样一种情感深厚的语言是世界上其他人都能理解的语言，而不是真正害怕的语言。
我对印度从来没有比今天更乐观。尽管她有明显的缺陷，但她不会仅仅因为它会为着更高的增长率而去炫耀和呈现一个不同的版本。 (我没有说这是件好事)。
你是怎么样的，印度便是什么样。
事情就是这样。

因此，印度人不必担心中国的模式。印度人可以学习，并最终会为这个国家成为“很多人”的避风港而感到自豪。
如果从经济角度来看，这意味着低几个百分点的增长，那么印度人将不得不接受。
对不起，我希望我有时间写一个简短的答案。这是个很好的问题。
谢谢

Arun Balaji
Technically we are behind China in a lot of things.
Military Strength. Their gadgets and gears are really cool. China has a vast army. Most her equipments are usually indigenously designed. While India is mainly depending on her allies for those fancy stuffs and our ‘Made In India’ products surely can’t compete with the Chinese weaponry.
Technological Advancements. Her technical might is remarkable. It can be proved by their recent advancement in space research too. Ohh!! don’t forget their supercomputers and bullet trains. So far they are the best. They remain unrivaled in this field. India is showing a promising growth in these fields but not as much as that of the Chinese.
Economics & Politics. Economically thy have achieved an excellent feat. From a failed agrarian state to second largest economy in the world. Now they are the production hub for the entire world. Almost everything we use in our day to day life has the tag ‘Made in China’. This has been achieved only through excellent reforms and a really strong and mighty leadership(Started with Mao). The Chinese ideology and their single party system made this possible. After Independence, India we was struggling to understand where the Nation was moving and the multi-party system hindered the growth.
Aggression. The Chinese are really aggressive and rapidly expanding. Whole of Tibet, islands in the South China Sea and much more. They are also working to occupy Arunachal Pradesh. Even though India has the might to stand up against the Chinese aggression along the borders she has always tried to solve all the disputes through talks. India must become a bit aggressive too.
Ability to find foreign bases. The Chinese are the best at this. They are acting cleverly by approaching every country around India with an offer they cant refuse. Pakistan and Sri Lanka are the best examples. Both have been promised massive infrastructure projects in return for the access to their lands to build ports(at points of strategic importance). India too has some active foreign bases in countries like Madagascar, Mozambique,Oman Seychelles, Nepal and Bhutan. But we need access to Central Asia and strategic points like the Malacca Strait, Vietnam and Burma(I don’t think we have much influence over these regions although we are growing in close relationship with Vietnam).
Foes. We may be behind China in almost all possible fields taken into consideration. But time changes and anything may happen over a period of time. The Chinese conflicts with Japan and Vietnam and tensions in the South China Sea between China and USA must also be considered. China might get into deep trouble when it mounts any offensive move in the Pacific and must be ready to face the USA. But for India its just China and Pakistan. China might be a serious threat who needs to be dealt with caution. A bit of help from her allies would be helpful. Pakistan is just an unstable state trying to prove something and can be easily dealt with. This gives a small advantage to India - ‘Less enemies to deal with.’
We might be behind China for now but we may seize their position in the near future

从技术上讲，我们在很多事情上都落后于中国。
军事力量。他们的装备真的很酷。中国有一支庞大的军队。而且她大部分的装备都是自己生产的。虽然印度主要依靠盟友购买这些花哨的东西，而我们的“印度制造”产品肯定无法与中国的武器相抗衡。
技术进步。她的技术力量是非凡的。他们最近在太空研究方面的进展也证明了这一点。噢！别忘了他们的超级计算机和子弹头列车。到目前为止他们在这些方面都是最好的。在这些领域，他们是无与伦比的。印度在这些领域也显示出了有希望的增长，但不如中国的增长。

经济与政治。他们在经济上取得了卓越的成就。从一个失败的农业国家变成世界第二大经济体。现在他们是整个世界的生产中心。我们在日常生活中使用的几乎所有东西都有“中国制造”的标签。只有通过强有力的改革和强有力的领导才能实现这一目标(从毛开始)。中国的意识形态和一党制使之成为可能。至于独立之后的印度，我们很难理解这个国家的发展方向，多党制阻碍了印度的发展。

扩张。中国人真的很有侵略性，而且在迅速扩张。整个西藏，南海的岛屿等等。他们还在努力占领阿鲁纳恰尔邦。尽管印度有能力抵抗中国在边境地区的侵略，但她一直试图通过谈判解决所有争端。印度也必须变得有点咄咄逼人。
找到外国基地的能力。中国人在这方面是最好的。他们的行动很聪明，他们向印度周围的每一个国家提出了他们无法拒绝的提议。巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡就是最好的例子。双方都得到了大规模基础设施项目的承诺，作为回报，他们可以进入自己的土地建设港口(在具有战略重要性的地点)。印度在马达加斯加、莫桑比克、阿曼塞舌尔、尼泊尔和不丹等国家也有一些活跃的外国基地。但我们需要进入中亚和马六甲海峡、越南和缅甸等战略要地(我不认为我们对这些地区有多大影响，尽管我们与越南关系日益密切)。

敌人。想想这些几乎所有我们可能落后于中国的领域。但是时间会改变，任何事情都可能在一段时间内发生。中国与日本和越南的冲突以及中美南中国海的紧张局势也必须加以考虑。当中国在太平洋发动任何进攻行动时，中国可能陷入深深的困境，必须准备面对美国。但对印度来说，只有中国和巴基斯坦两个对手。中国可能是一个需要谨慎处理的严重威胁。从她的盟友那里得到一点帮助是有帮助的。巴基斯坦只是一个不稳定的国家，试图证明某些东西，并且可以很容易地处理。这给印度带来了一个小小的优势-“需要对付的敌人更少”。
我们可能暂时落后于中国，但我们可能在不久的将来占据他们的位置。

Vishnu S. Sharma
India lags far behind in many aspects when compared to China .
Some of them are :
1 . Toilets : As you all know India stands first in open defecation. But programs like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan are commendable and India is on the right track .
2. Killer Instinct : Yes , that killer instinct ! Let’s talk about Olympics . Two of the World’s largest populated countries have a vast difference as far as medals are concerned . Chinese train at a very early age as compared to India . It’s not that India does not have world class facilities in sports . But the instinct is lacking somewhere .
3. Aggresion : Talk South China Sea or Indian Ocean . Chinese have tried their level best to establish their supremacy .They got the guts to stand against the decision of International Court of Justice . The way they handle the separatists of Uyghur is much more impressive than we Indians handle Kashmiri separatists. We just need to crush the anti nationalists at any cost .
4. Understanding amongst people : We Indians get excited when Diwali or any other festival approaches . But the Chinese prepare themselves to mass produce Decorative Lights, Crackers , Toys , Statues etc. And we the people of India hamper our economy by buying Chinese products . This is not a fair trade and Globalisation where India only can import the products from China but not Export .
5. Economy and Military : Yes ! India needs to perform exceptionally well as we all know that the world’s fastest growing economy at the GDP 7.5 is all facade . We don’t correctly calculate the GDP . Also India needs to keep a balanced friendship with USA , RUSSIA, Sri Lanka , Iran and south east asian countries to bolster it’s policies on look east asia , chabahar port, and destroy China’s silk route.
Thank YOU

与中国相比，印度在许多方面远远落后。
它们中的一些是：
1 . 厕所：大家都知道，印度在公开排便方面排名第一。但是像SwachbharatAbhiyan这样的项目是值得称道的，印度也在正确的轨道上。

2.杀手本能：是的，杀手的本能！我们来谈谈奥运吧。两个世界上人口最多的国家在奖牌榜上有着巨大的差异。和印度相比，中国的运动员在很小的时候就开始训练了。这并不是说印度没有世界级的体育设施。但在某些方面缺乏本能。

4.人们之间的理解力：当排灯节或任何其他节日来临时，我们印度人都会感到兴奋。但中国人此刻却在准备大量生产装饰灯、饼干、玩具、雕像等卖给我们。我们印度人民通过购买中国产品来阻碍我们的经济。这是一个不公平的贸易和全球化，印度只能从中国进口产品，而不能从中国出口。

5.经济和军事：是的！印度需要表现得特别好，因为我们都知道，世界上增长最快的经济体GDP增长率为7.5，这一切都是表面上的。我们的GDP没有得到准确的计算。此外，印度需要与美国、俄罗斯、斯里兰卡、伊朗和东南亚国家保持平衡的友谊，以加强其在东亚、查巴哈港的政策，并摧毁中国的丝绸之路。
谢谢

Pankaj Shah
We have absolutely 3rd class bureaucracy which is also very corrupt.They keep us embroiled in endless procedures which is their way of making money. so if you want to put up a plant or do anything you may find it time consuming to deal with departments.Government has also resigned to this reality it can not solve.
China on the other hand ensures that govt policy is carried on by everybody.Punishments are too high for not complying. It is a lot easier to put up plant in china than India.
Apart from this,chinese people are very hard working,intelligent.Working for 12–16 hours is common with china labour.These devotion helps them in devising methods for improvement in production. No wonder they are producing everything in quantity to meet world demand whereas we are busy in meeting Indian denands only

我们有着第三世界的官僚主义，同时也非常腐败。他们让我们卷入没完没了的程序，这是他们赚钱的方式。因此，如果你想建一座工厂或做任何事情，你可能会觉得与部门打交道很费时。对此政服也已经听天由命了，这是无法解决的。
另一方面，中国确保政服政策由每个人来执行。不然就严惩不贷。因此在中国设厂比在印度容易得多。
除此之外，中国人非常勤劳，聪明。在中国劳工中工作12-16小时是很常见的。这些投入有助于他们设计改进生产的方法。难怪他们生产的每一件东西都是为了满足世界的需求，而我们却只忙于满足印度的土地需求。

Rajiv Gusain
India lack communism.
China follow communism which only help China to do better.
Being a democratic country government can’t implement any rule or law which can be directly implemented without any fuss.
As we have a so called brigade of secular parties,Human rights and somewhat paid media it becomes impossible for India to overcome internal problems and focus only on development and become a global power.
Democracy results in Kashmir conflicts where a terrorist is shown as hero by many news reporter and even getting support by some parties.
Also many projects are put on hold because of NGO’s or HUman right activist etc.
So to act strong against everyone who are against our nation government takes strong action but because of this democracy anyone can come in front and start opposing govt policy irrespective of it benefits.
On other hand China is controlled by ruling government which means no one can oppose their decision and everything will be controlled by them even media.
These things makes huge difference between China and India development and their images in global arena

印度缺乏GC主义。
中国奉行GC主义，这帮助中国变得更好。
作为一个敏煮国家，政服不可能不大动干戈地执行任何可以直接实施的规则或法律。因为我们有一个所谓的世俗党派，人权和一些付费的媒体，印度不可能克服内部问题，只注重发展，成为一个全球大国。
敏煮导致克什米尔冲突，其中一个恐怖分子被许多新闻记者视为英雄，甚至得到了一些政党的支持。
此外，由于非政服组织或人权活动家等原因，许多项目被搁置。

所以，我们应该要对每一个反对我们国家政服的人采取强硬的行动，但是因为有了这个敏煮制度，任何人都可以站出来反对政服的政策，而不管它有什么好处。
另一方面，中国被执政政服所控制，这意味着没有人可以反对他们的决定，一切都会被他们控制，甚至媒体也会控制。
这些因素对中国和印度的发展及其在全球舞台上的形象产生了巨大的影响。

Shankar Chaturvedi Dwivedi Shukla
China is a Communist republic. What the government says, the people ought need to do that or face the firing squad. Autocratic Dictatorial governments have higher achievement and mobilisation power than democracy as no one can raise finger on the will of the govt and what the govt thinks and wants for the people; they get it for the people.
While democracy is a democracy; it involves petitions, prayers and resolutions. Democracy is a time consuming process but it's an Eutopian idealistic form of government which is based on moral rights. So we lag behind China in swift decision making.
But the question here is do we need a Chinese type dictatorship or Democracy? Singapore had the same ordeal in 1950s after independence but they chose dictatorial who led them to prosperity until 1990s after which they transformed into democracy. So the question is what form of government we want and up to what extent are we ready to give our fundamental and moral rights for such kind of development?

中国是一个GC主义共和国。权威政服比敏煮政服有着更高的行动力和动员力，因为没有人能对政服的意志和政服的思想以及人民的愿望有所指摘；他们做事是为了人民。
而敏煮是敏煮；它涉及请愿、祈祷和决议。敏煮是一个耗时的过程，并且它是一种以道德权利为基础的乌托邦式的理想主义政服形式。因此，我们在快速决策方面落后于中国。

K Gopinath
We're leagues behind China in formulating and executing policies. Rather in decding what needs to be done and then getting it done. To blame it on our democratic system does grave injustice to democracy.
Look at Israel, the USA, Australia, Japan and countries in Europe all practising democracies.They're also performing democracies.
Unlike us they don't lack commitment and perseverance, the political will to perform. One of the key factors in a successful democracy or any system of government to perform is accountability.
Corruption in China is substantial but its bureaucracy is subject to far greater accountability than ours.
There may be corruption in all democracies in varying degrees and in various forms but they also have various checks and balances in place. And they spend far less time debating old glories and courting new controversies.

我们在制定和执行政策方面落后于中国。更确切地说，是为了弄清需要做什么，然后才能完成。把它归咎于我们的敏煮制度是对敏煮的严重不公正。

看看以色列、美国、澳大利亚、日本和欧洲各国都实行敏煮制度。与我们不同的是，他们并不缺乏承诺和毅力，也不缺乏执行的政治意愿。一个成功的敏煮制度或任何政服制度的关键因素之一是问责。

所有敏煮国家都可能存在不同程度和各种形式的腐败，但它们也有各种制衡。
而且他们花更少的时间辩论往日的荣耀和寻求新的争议。

Nivesh Ram
China develops because of its government and India despite it !!
We lack one big thing ofcourse: Direction and taking responsibility, Both by the govt and by the citizens !!!

中国的发展是因为它的政服，印度则相反！！
当然，我们和中国相比缺少一件重要的事情：方向和承担责任，无论是政服还是市民！！！

Shikhar Agarwal
I feel It's the ‘unity’ and the ‘team spirit’ that India lacks as a unit than China .
It's to be noted that I'm not saying India is not a United country. Of course we are united . My point is being united as a team.
Just like Indian cricket team or any other sport team. When one fails, the other teammates work double to compensate in order to win.
That is what is China rich in. Today is you give something to the Chinese , they will make a clone of it. So much that we cannot distinguish between the original and the fake.
Point here is not of their skills. Point here is that the Chinese work as a team. The pride of their company (or country at large) comes first before their own.
They will do everything to save the face of their firm much like what the Indian army does every time india’s honor is at stake ( if you're forgetting the 2010 commonwealth games flyover incident) .
So if we Indians take our company’s pride or our country's at large , we can beat China because we have the resources. We have everything we need to beat them except the team spirit and oneness!

我觉得印度比中国更缺乏“团结”和“团队精神”。值得注意的是，我并不是说印度不是一个统一的国家。我们当然是统一的。但我的观点是团结一致。
就像印度板球队或者其他运动队一样。当其中一个失误时，另一个队友会加倍努力来弥补，以赢得胜利。
这就是中国强大的地方。现在是你给中国人的某样东西，他们就能把它克隆出来。如此之多以至于我们无法区分正品和假货。

这里的重点不是他们的技能。这里的要点是，中国人的团结一致。他们把对公司（或者国家）的骄傲放在自己个人之前。他们会尽一切努力挽救他们公司的面子，就像每当印度的荣誉受到威胁时印度军队所做的那样（如果你忘记了2010年那届英联邦运动会立交桥事件）。
所以，如果我们印度人最大限度地以我们公司或者我们的国家为傲，我们就可以击败中国，因为我们有资源。我们拥有击败他们所需要的一切，除了团队精神和团结！

Mohit Mangal
The first and foremost thing in which India is lagging is negligence over certain issues by the people of the country.It always procrastinate its work over other people.Questions are everywhere but nobody come with the solution & the way of implementation.

印度落后的首要问题是我国人民对某些问题的疏忽。他们总是比别人拖延自己的工作。问题无处不在，但没有人提出解决办法&实施方式。

Rahul Sharma
Dictatorships or say a strong political will that can implement legislation which are beneficial to india rather than some section of society.The political system of india is very complex. It has many party system as a result decision making process is so slow which hampers the growth of india.

独裁或说一个强有力的政治意愿，可以实施有利于印度而不是社会中某些人的立法。印度的政治制度是非常复杂的。由于印度政党制度众多，决策过程缓慢，阻碍了印度的发展。

（译者：兰陵笑笑生 来源:龙腾网）