quora: 为什么印度首都要从加尔各答迁至德里?

Why did India’s capital change from Calcutta to Delhi?

为什么印度首都要从加尔各答迁至德里?

 

Quora评论翻译：

来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/45881.html    译者：Jessica.Wu

外文：https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Indias-capital-change-from-Calcutta-to-Delhi

Pranjali Das, lived in New Delhi (2016-2017)

The central location of Delhi made it more suitable to set up legislative bodies than in the eastern part of the country although Calcutta was considered to be the commercial capital back then.

Calcutta was the seat of revolutionary ideas. It would have been a major challenge for the British government to continue legislation from there.

尽管加尔各答在当时被认为是商业中心，但与印度东部相比，德里的中心位置更适合设立立法机构。

加尔各答是革命思想的中心。对英国政府来说，在此处继续立法将是一个重大挑战。

 

Harshit Pittie, lives in New Delhi

Delhi has been the capital or the region near capital since the mughals except for the british era when kolkata was the capital.

In terms of defence, this is the age of nuclear warfare so no zone can be termed as "safe" and as far as human warfare is concerned, there are enough boundaries to stop them.

自莫卧儿王朝以来，德里一直是首都或首都附近的地区，除了英国统治时代的首都是加尔各答。

在防御方面，这是核战争的时代，所以没有一个区域可以称得上“安全”，就人类战争而言，有足够的边界来阻挡它们。

 

Kislay Kingsley, Trust me i am an Engineer

The Mughals had made Delhi their capital as it was centrally located. They constructed their Red Fort in the city. Britishers too followed suit and created a new city called New Delhi their capital, just south of old Delhi. They made the Constituent Assembly, Chamber of Princes, the Viceroy's House, Flagstaff House et al in the new city.

Indian government, too found the location preferable and hence made the new city the capital of the nation and renamed some of the old British building names with more suitable Indian names.

莫卧儿王朝定都在德里，因为它位于中心地区，他们在城里建造了红堡。英国人也效仿，在旧德里以南建立了一座新城，称新德里，作为他们的首都。他们在新德里成立了制宪会议、亲王府、总督府、旧三军司令官邸等。

印度政府也认为这个地理位置更好，因此将新城定为国家的首都，并用更合适的印度名称重新命名了一些古老的英国建筑。

 

Sipi Jayakumar

Long story short.

The British government followed the policy of divide end rule. They tried to develop hatred between Muslims and Hindus.

1905 partition of Bengal: Since Bengal is the hotspot of national movement because of high education British thought of dividing it into two.

Part 1: Hindu majority

Part 2: Muslim majority.

The partition was supported by nawab of Bengal and some orthodox Muslims.

However due to strong opposition to the partition(swadedhi movement)

British have to annul the partition.

So orthodox Muslims were disappointed because they won't get their own country.

To pacify the Muslims British moved the capital to Delhi.

Reason 1: Since Delhi is the seat of Mughals (Muslim rulers) it could pacify the orthodox Muslims.

Reason2: Due to 200 years of Mughal rule people accepted them as their own rulers. Delhi represented the great rulers. Hence British moved to Delhi to psychologically influence Indians to accept British as their legitimate rulers.

长话短说。

英国政府奉行分而治之的政策。他们试图在msl和印度教徒之间制造仇恨。

1905年孟加拉分治:孟加拉因为高等教育而成为民族运动的易发区，英国人想把它分成两部分：

第1部分:印度教占多数地区

第2部分:msl占多数地区。

孟加拉的印度行政长官和一些正统的msl支持这一划分。

然而，由于遭遇强烈反对(抵制英国货运动)

英国人不得不取消分治。

所以正统的msl很失望，因为他们不会有自己的国家。

为了安抚msl，英国人将首都迁至德里。

理由1:由于德里是莫卧儿(msl统治者)的所在地，它可以安抚正统的msl。

理由2:由于长达200年的莫卧儿王朝统治，人们接受他们为自己的统治者。德里代表着伟大的统治者。因此，英国人搬到德里，从心理上影响印度人，让他们接受英国为他们的合法统治者。

 

Eillen Sharma, lived in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

There was a huge scam in Kolkata office in an MNC. The matter related to British telecom. A well known Company which provides Broadband and landline facility in UK. it is top most broadband service provider and cater its customers with highest broadband speed.

There was an incident of data theft which was so crucial that an inter police was called to arrest the person. You can imagine the criticality that the accused person had shared customer’s bank information to a private organisation as well.

When Clients actually came to know about this they first open BT captive to check the functionality of its business units are as per their set goals and regulation.Unfortunately people in that MNC were not addressing their needs properly hence British shift capital from calcutta to delhi

在加尔各答一家跨国公司的办公室里发生了一起巨大的骗局。这件事与英国电信有关，在英国提供宽带和固定电话设施的著名公司。它是全球最大的宽带服务提供商，以最高的宽带速度服务于客户。

当时发生了一起数据失窃事件，这件事至关重要，所以国际警察接到电话并逮捕了这名男子。你可以想象，如果这名男子将客户的银行信息分享给了一家私人机构的话，将是多么危险。

当客户真正了解到这一点时，他们首先让英国电信检查其业务单位的功能是否符合他们设定的目标和规则。不幸的是，英国电信的人没有很好地解决客户的需求，因此英国将首都从加尔各答迁至德里。

 

Dhiraj Inti, lives in New Delhi

In a letter to the Earl of Crewe, Secretary of State for India,  sent from Shimla to London on Aug. 25, 1911, Hardinge pointed out that  it has “long been recognized to be a serious anomaly” that the British governed India from Calcutta, located on the eastern extremity of its Indian possessions.

He then turned to more pressing reasons to move away from Calcutta, which for 150 years had served as Britain’s capital in India.

legislation passed by Britain’s parliament known as the Morley-Minto reforms, had allowed Indians for the first time to stand for legislative council positions.For years the British had ruled from Calcutta the commercial hub of India which the East India Company, in the eighteenth century,  had developed from a small fishing village. Now, Hardinge argued that the rising importance of elected legislative bodies meant that Britain needed to find a more centrally located capital.that's why they choosed Delhi as a capital for India.

1911年8月25日，印度事务大臣-克鲁郡伯爵哈丁，从西姆拉给伦敦送去一封信，他在信中指出：“英国人从加尔各答统治印度长期以来被认为是一种严重的反常现象”，加尔各答位于印度属地的东端。

然后，他指出了更紧迫的理由。在过去的150年里，加尔各答一直是英国在印度的首都。

英国议会通过了“莫莱明托改革”法案，首次允许印度人担任立法委员会议员。多年来，英国人一直在加尔各答统治着印度的商业中心。18世纪，东印度公司从一个小渔村发展而来。现在，哈丁认为，选举产生的立法机构越来越重要，这意味着英国需要寻求一个位于更中心位置的首都。这就是为什么他们选择德里作为印度的首都。

 

Soham Bansal, lives in New Delhi

It was in 1877 the capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. Delhi was the capital of Mughal Empire. Hence, shifting of the capital symbolised British superiority over the last monarchy that ruled India.

1877年，印度首都从加尔各答迁往德里。德里是莫卧儿帝国的首都。因此，迁都象征着英国优于上一个统治印度的君主制。

 

Sumit Goswami, lives in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Lord Curzon passed a resolution to divide Bengal presidency in 1905 .the British explanation was that the bengal presidency was too big in size ,so for the betterment of administration it has to be divided into two parts.But the real reason was to create communal disharmony among the Hindus and Muslims,and to break the spine of nationalist movements started by S.N.banerjee ,sriAurobindo etc.The decision of division creatEd an uproar in the bengali society.facing the heat the British government finally withdrawn the decision but shifted the capital to Delhi in 1911.They had not any other options as they sensed that they will not be safe in Bengal anymore as several secret society has been established and the concept of armed struggle was becoming very much popular among the youths.

1905年，柯曾勋爵通过了一项决议，将孟加拉划分为两部分。但真正的原因是在印度教徒和msl之间制造群体不和，并削弱由S.N.banerjee、Aurobindo发起的民族主义运动。面对压力，英国政府最终撤回了这一决定，但在1911年将首都迁到了德里。他们别无选择，因为意识到在孟加拉他们将不再安全，几个秘密社会已经建立，武装斗争的概念在年轻人中变得非常流行。

 

Jivrajsingh Sandhu, Bharat is my motherland. Proud of being a Bhartiya.

Delhi was always the capital of India since times immemorial. In mahabharata days it was Hastinapur - near Delhi. Then the mughal empire also ruled from Delhi. Brtitishers empire began with 1757 by winning battle f plassey and hence they had Kolkata as the capital but post 1857 they captured lot of area, crushed the first freedom fight and decided to shift to Delhi in 1911 to gain more acceptance. Bharat is to be ruled from Delhi and hence if they move the capital people would accept them better. To provide legitimacy in minds of people they shifted the capital.Delhi was also in centre as compared to kolkatta and hence the change.

自古以来，德里一直是印度的首都。在摩呵婆罗多时代，首都是哈斯蒂纳普尔，靠近德里。然后莫卧儿帝国也定都德里。大英帝国从1757年开始赢得普拉西战役，因此他们以加尔各答作为首都，但在1857年之后他们占领了很多地区，粉碎了第一次自由之战，并决定在1911年迁都德里以获得更多的认可，人们会更接受他们。为了加强立法，他们决定迁都。与加尔各答相比，德里也处于中心位置，因此发生了迁都。

 

Kamal Gupta, lived in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

The British wanted a capital city that was in the center, and from where the far edges of the huge country could be reached in roughly equal time. Undivided India was larger than Europe, both in size and number of people. Transport was slow, trains were few and far between, air transport was unknown.

Delhi had a bit of existing infrastructure, having been the capital of India a number of times earlier. It had roads leading to the far corners, and there was the perennial river Yamuna to provide connectivity over water. The barren, undulating land to the west of Yamuna provided a natural drainage as well as catchments

英国人想要的是一个位于中心位置的首都，从那里可以在大致相等的时间内到达这个幅员辽阔国家的遥远边境。无论是在规模还是人口数量上，印度大陆都比欧洲大。交通缓慢，火车很少而且间隔得很远，空中运输还不为人知。

德里有一些现有的基础设施，之前曾多次成为印度首都。它有通往遥远角落的道路，还有常年流淌的亚穆纳河来连接水路。亚穆纳河西岸贫瘠起伏的土地提供了天然的排水系统和集水区。

 

Arpit Ghai, engg. student#mechanchi!!

Because at that time there was a rule of mughals which have major castels and forts in delhi so they decided to rule the whole india from delhi as it was in centre at that time if we concider the land of pakistan also.

因为莫卧儿王朝曾定都在德里，那里有主要的城堡和堡垒，所以他们决定从德里开始统治整个印度，因为如果我们算上巴基斯坦的话，在当时德里处于中心位置。

 

Ranjan Das, lives in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Kolkata was never the Indian Capital. Calcutta was and then Delhi became the capital in 1911..

Kolkata 从来不是印度首都，Calcutta才曾是印度首都（英国殖民时期）。然后在1911年，德里成为了首都。（注：在殖民地时期，加尔各答的英语拼写为Calcutta，后正式改拼为当地语拼写Kolkata。虽然最初在孟加拉语中发音为Kolkata，但至今仍然有很多人对长期以来一直使用的Calcutta这一拼写情有独钟）