印度相对于中国的优势是什么？

What are India's advantages over China?

印度相对于中国的优势是什么？

quora评论翻译

答案三：
Surya Sankar, Co-Founder - Inkmonk.com
India is a democracy. China is not. This is a very crucial difference. Not just because of personal freedoms. On that count in fact India is only marginally better than China. But more because of the political stability a democracy brings. Democratic governments tend to vacillate a lot and could be markedly slower too. But they do not face an existential crisis. Yes of course they fear elections and losing power. But losing power is not equivalent to losing their wealth or social standing or their livelihoods. Opposition parties also live well in democracies.

印度是一个敏煮国家。但中国不是。这是一个非常关键的区别。不仅仅是因为个人自由的问题。事实上，印度在这方面只是比中国稍微好一点。但更多的是因为敏煮带来的政治稳定。敏煮政府倾向于摇摆不定，而且可能会显著放缓发展速度。但他们不会面临一场事关生死存亡的危机。是的，他们当然害怕选举和失去权力。但是，失去权力并不等于失去他们的财富、社会地位或他们的生计。反对党在敏煮国家也过得很好。

On the other Chinese Communist Party still has a sword of Damocles hanging over its head. If the history of the world is any indicator, then it is never a question of whether democracy will ultimately arrive in a society. It is merely a question of when and more importantly how. And that should keep CCP leaders up all night. They know that a transition has to happen. Probably they also dream of a peaceful transfer, where they can just change the name of the party to something less threatening like "Social Democratic Party" and continue to rule, the way United Russia is ruling Russia now.

在另一方面，中国头上则悬着一把达摩克利斯之剑。如果世界历史是任何指导意义的话，那就是一个社会终将会变得敏煮，这从来都不是问题。这仅仅是一个何时、更重要的是——怎样的问题。这应该会让中国领导人彻夜不眠。他们知道转型必然会发生。也许他们也梦想着和平的转型，这样他们就可以把党的名字改得不那么具有威胁性，比如“社会敏煮党”，并继续进行统治，就像统一俄罗斯党现在统治俄罗斯的方式一样。

But alas they do not know how to let go of the proverbial tiger's tail. There is no guarantee that a transition can be effected peacefully. That is why they still have to pay lip service to Mao, even when they are not anymore Maoist than a Wall street banker is. They do not know if they have to move more towards State Control or towards liberalization to keep the status quo. The contract of "We let you earn money, you let us keep control" can last only as long as the money keeps flowing in. And it is increasingly becoming jittery. Other Asian economies are fast catching up and the cheap labour advantage is fast eroding. Unlike other countries like say Malaysia or Thailand, China cannot continue trapped in the middle economy status. There are simply way too many people and either everyone should get opportunities to prosper or no one should. If some prosper while the rest stagnate, and without any avenue for expressing the dissatisfaction, a violent revolution is definitely a very real threat.

但是，他们不知道如何放开老虎的尾巴。没有人能保证过渡可以和平地进行。这就是为什么他们仍然要在口头上承认毛，即使他们不再是毛主义者，而是华尔街的银行家。他们不知道他们是否需要更多地转向国家控制的体制，还是保持现状以走向自由化。“我们让你赚钱，你让我们保持控制”的契约只能在资金源源不断地流入的情况下才能生效。而且，它正变得越来越紧张。其他亚洲经济体正在迅速赶上，廉价的劳动力优势正在迅速消失。与马来西亚或泰国等其他国家不同，中国不能继续保持在中等经济体的位置上。很简单，不患寡而患不均。如果一些人成功了，而其余的人仍停滞不前，而且又没有任何表达不满的途径，那么一场暴力革命无疑是一个非常现实的威胁。

So India's worst days are definitely behind it, while China on the other hand resembles Europe at the dawn of industrial revolution. It could either go the way Britain did, effecting a fairly non violent transition from dictatorship to a parliamentary democracy or it faces a violent French Revolution ahead where everyone in power gets annihilated.

因此，印度在其最糟糕的日子里肯定是落后的，而中国则与工业革命初期的欧洲相似。它可以像英国那样，实现从读才到议会制敏煮的非暴力过渡，否则它将面临一场法国式的暴力革命，在这种情况下，每一个掌权者都将被消灭。

This should definitely count as an advantage for India, a huge one.

对于印度来说，这绝对是一个优势，这是一个巨大的优势。

答案四：
Crystal Wang, Attention to details
As a very ordinary Chinese individual who had been in india for a short while n totally obsessed in its culture, i can't help typing my view about this questions.

作为一个在印度呆了很短一段时间并且完全沉迷于它的文化的非常普通的中国人，我忍不住要说说我对这个问题的看法。

1 hour ago i just finished watching the movie Gandhi filmed in 1982. It made me respect him so much, he said' We fight the anger, but we don't provoke it', it's so hard to imagine to be nonviolent, especially u were facing the strongest empire at that time, but Gandhi achieved.

一小时前，我刚刚看完1982年的电影《甘地传》。这部电影让我对他肃然起敬，他说，“我们在与愤怒作斗争，但我们不会挑衅它”，很难想象如何做到非暴力，尤其是在那个时候，你面对的是当时最强大的帝国，但甘地做到了。

The comparison about the economy, infrastructures, education investment, even democracy etc between China and India has been so much and pointless, all these things depend on not only how much did people make effort, in my view, but also about the National fortune, China and India have got too many common points, historical cultures, diligent labors and smart brains etc. Thus whoever ahead is no matters, we have to make progresses to chase better life. I dislike to compare which has more Speak Freedom, which has longer moterway, it's just temporary and shallow.

比较中国和印度的经济、基础设施、教育投资、甚至敏煮等是毫无意义的，在我看来，这一切不仅取决于有多少人做了努力，它也关系到国家的命运，中国和印度有太多的共同点，比如历史文化、勤奋努力和聪明的头脑等。因此谁领先并不重要，我们必须实现发展以追求更好的生活。我不喜欢比较哪一个国家拥有更多的言论自由，有更远的发展前景，这些只是暂时的和肤浅的。

答案五：
Anwesh Pati, Born and bred in India
Based on my visit to China a couple of years back, I could find the following benefits in India:

根据我几年前造访中国的经历，我可以为印度找到以下几个优势：

Free internet. I really struggled to find free and fast internet in China. On top of that, many sites were blocked. And VPN works too slow. Whereas in India I have plenty of opportunities to download anything without any limit or paying anything extra. Mobile data cost is 10 times expensive than India. The rates blowed my mind.

免费的网络。在中国，我真的很难找到免费且快速的互联网。最重要的是，许多网站都被屏蔽了。VPN的速度也很慢。而在印度，我有很多机会可以免费下载任何东西，而且不需要支付任何额外费用。中国移动数据的成本是印度的10倍。它的速度也让我大受打击。

Multilingual signs everywhere. In India most places have signs in multiple languages, including English. So a person who is not a local can understand what's written. Even all products sold in shops and supermarkets use English too. But in China, everything is written in Chinese. It's difficult to even recognize what product is kept on the shelf. Signs, streets, instructions, everything is in a single language.

在印度，大多数地方都有多种语言的标识，其中包括了英语。所以一个不是本地人的人可以理解标识上所写的东西。甚至所有在商店和超市销售的产品也都使用了英语。但在中国，一切都是使用中文标记的。我们甚至很难搞明白货架上的产品是什么。标识、街道名称、指示牌，一切都是用一种语言标记的。

Cheaper transport services. In India, we can easily take an auto or taxi for short distances. But in China, the cost of personal transport is higher.

成本更低的运输服务。在印度，我们可以很容易地乘坐短途汽车或出租车。但在中国，个人交通的成本更高。

Cheaper restaurants. Restaurants, fast food, and even packaged water was way cheaper in India.

更便宜的餐馆。在印度，餐馆、快餐、甚至瓶装水都要便宜得多。

Cheaper commodities. In India, almost every product, be it a perfume, a shirt, or even a smartphone, etc can be bought much cheaper than China. It was a misconception that things are cheaper in China.

更便宜的商品。在印度，几乎所有的产品，无论是香水、衬衫，甚至是智能手机，都可以以比中国便宜得多的价格买到。认为中国的东西更便宜是一种误解。

答案八：
Anonymous
All the world are jealous of China's successful implementing of "One family, One Child" policy. China has sufficient people in the past, now and also in the future.

全世界都在嫉妒中国成功实施了独生子女政策。中国在过去、现在和将来都有着足够的人口。

India wanted to implement the "birth control" actually in 1950s to 1960s, but failed to be implemented due to the democracy. Whoever wanted to advocate "birth control", the poor people will vote them down as poor people are the majority. Thus India failed to implement the birth control policy, but India has been doing the birth control secretly for many decades.

印度曾希望在20世纪50年代到60年代实施“生育控制”，但由于敏煮制度而未能得以实施。无论谁想倡导“节育”，穷人都会投票让他们下台，因为穷人占了选民的多数。因此，印度未能实施生育控制政策，但印度几十年来一直在秘密进行节育。

India failed the implementation of the policy, then Indian government and people justified that birth control are violating the human right. It is good for Indian to have more people as it is people's will to have more kids.

印度未能实施这一政策，印度政府和人民认为，节育是违反人全的。对印度人来说，拥有更多的人是件好事，因为想要更多的孩子是人民的意志。

There were once a world compaign which were against China for birth control policy: China violate human right, it is human right to have many kids they want.

过去曾经有一场反对中国生育控制政策的世界性运动：中国侵犯人全，按自己的意愿生孩子是一种人全。

The facts today are clear: India is the biggest human right violator: allow people to produce more people, but do not let them have education, let people to piss in street, let people to beg in the street as a part of Job.....
​
现在的事实已经很清楚了：印度才是最大的人全侵犯者，它允许人们生更多的孩子，但又不让他们接受教育，让人们在街上随地小便，让人们在街上乞讨作为工作的一部分。

shouting freedom in naked, raping people freely in streets, road, school etc..

赤身裸体地大喊自由，在大街上、马路上、学校等地随意地强奸别人，等等……

答案六：
Dilshan Hadi
I don't think only democracy is an advantage for India over China.
In 2004, India had 593 million under 25 years old people with 3.2 fertility rate while China had 513 million under 25 years old people with 1.6 fertility rate.
By 2030, India may have 780+ million under 25 years old people with 2.1 fertility rate while China may have 410+ million people under 25 years old with 1.6 fertility rate.
China's fertility rate is less than 2 from 1992, while India's fertility rate will be less than 2 after 2035.
India's young population may be twice than China by 2040 and India's whole population may be twice than China by 2080.
In 2018, India's real GDP growth rate is 7.5% and may reach to double digit growth.
In 2018, China's real GDP growth rate is 6.5% which may drop to 5%.

我不认为只有敏煮才是印度相对于中国的优势。
2004年，印度25岁以下的人口为5亿9300万，它的生育率为3.2，而中国25岁以下的人口则为5亿1300万，生育率为1.6。
到2030年，印度25岁以下的人口可以会达到7亿8000万，而届时的生育率将为2.1，而中国25岁以下的人口将只有4亿1000万，生育率为1.6。
中国的生育率自1992年以来已经低于2，而印度的生育率在2035年之后才会低于2。
到2040年，印度的年轻人口可能达到中国的两倍，到2080年，印度的人口数量可能会是中国的两倍。
2018年，印度的实际GDP增长率为7.5%，并可能实现两位数的增长。
2018年，中国的实际GDP增长率为6.5%，并可能进一步降至5%。

答案七：
Shubhendu Sharma, knows about India
Both countries have distinct advantages over each other . Here , I am outlining India ‘s advantages over China :

这两个国家都有明显的优势。在这里，我将概述印度相对于中国的优势：

1.Democracy : India is the largest democracy while China is one of the few remaining communist countries . A robust democratic system allows all people to express their grievances in India while the same is not possible in China . You can follow any religion in India , voice your thoughts and openly criticize the elected government to your satisfaction . While democratic system is India is still not perfect , it is thousand times better than China’s one party rule.
Owing to this , India is much more united and will remain so in future as a democratic system allows all such freedoms which every individual craves for .

1、敏煮：印度是世界上最大的敏煮国家，而中国是为数不多的几个GC主义国家之一。一个健全的敏煮制度允许所有印度人表达他们的不满，而在中国这是不可能的。你可以在印度信奉任何宗教，表达你的想法，公开批评民选政府，直到它让你满意。尽管印度的敏煮制度仍然不完美，但它比中国的一党专政好几千倍。
正因为如此，印度才更加团结，在未来也将继续如此，因为敏煮制度允许所有这些每个人都渴望的自由的存在。

2.Battle Hardened Military : Although , China has much larger number of military personnel and a higher defence budget than India , its military is much “ inexperienced “ than Indian military . The last major war which China fought was with Vietnam in 1979 . It does not participate in military exercises with western countries .
In contrast , India was born into war and has fought a number of wars and insurgencies to this day . Here is the list:
India Pakistan wars- 1947–48 , 1965 ,1971 ,1999
India China war- 1962
Major Military Operations -1948 ,1954 ,1961 ,1966 ,1967 , 1987–90 ,1988
Ongoing Military Operations - Siachen Operation -1984 - and Kashmir Insurgency -1990 - Present day
Here is the lix :List of wars involving India - Wikipedia
Here is the lix for China:List of wars involving the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia
It can be easily observed that India has fought much more wars than China , and hence its military is more “battle hardened” than China. India also participates with major military powers around the globe and gains invaluable experience.

2、战争增强了军队实力：尽管中国的军队人数比印度多得多，国防预算也比印度高，但它的军队相比于印度军队，却是“缺乏经验”的。中国所打的最后一场重大战争是1979年与越南的战争。它也没有参加西方国家的军事演习。
相比之下，印度则是诞生于战争之中，时至今日，它已经打过了多次战争，平定了多次叛乱。以下是一份列表：
印巴战争：1947至1948年，1965年，1971年，1999年
中印战争：1962年
重大军事行动：1948年，1954年，1961年，1966年，1967年，1987年至1990年
仍在持续的军事行动：锡亚琴行动—1984年；克什米尔叛乱—1990年至今；
这里有一个链接：印度卷入的战争列表—维基百科
以下则是中国的链接：中华人民共和国卷入的战争列表—维基百科
可以很容易地看出，相比于中国，印度打了更多的战争，因此它的军队比中国更“强硬”。印度还与世界各地的主要军事力量一起参与演习，并取得了宝贵的经验。

（译者：飞雪似炀花）