quora网友: 1962年中印战争时，为什么俄罗斯没有帮助印度呢？

Why did Russia not help India in the 1962 war against China (the Sino-Indian War)?

为什么1962年中印战争时，俄罗斯没有帮助印度呢？

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来源：三泰虎      http://www.santaihu.com/45951.html     译者：Joyceliu

外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Russia-not-help-India-in-the-1962-war-against-China-the-Sino-Indian-War

Neo G Doma

Cuba Missile Crisis. US and USSR were busy fighting with each other.

That’s why CCP decided set a war against India.

古巴导弹危机。美国和苏联正忙于互相争斗。

这就是为什么中国决定对印度发动战争。

 

Vasant Bhilare

Forget 1962…and let us wake up..even today also no body in this world is going to help india.we people n our leaders are still in d fools world…did any one come to help us in 1948…1962…1965..1971…1999….russia…usa..europe r here to sell arms to India n south east countries.

忘记1962年吧…让我们觉醒过来…即使在今天，这个世界上也没有人会帮助印度。我们人和我们的领导人都还像傻瓜一样。1948年，1962年，1965年，1971年，1999年，谁来帮过我们？俄罗斯、美国、欧洲只是为了向印度和东南亚国家出售武器。

We are neither in group of Russia..or USA..politically world doesn't care for us..see Pakistan they have strongest support from China….second is USA n thirdly all d Muslim countries…they have always rescued Pakistan be it military war…economic..or religious war…on contrast we so called secular…so nor Christian..not Muslim nor Buddhist country care for us…china is militarily..economically 25years ahead of us.. although it got freedom after us…but our useless politics n shameless politicians n corruption n treason oriented culture has maintened our status as of 20th century….so called developments…nothing out of the world had happened…if we c the progress of entire world .(except afrikan).after ww2.. population n growth in.number of enemy countries is Mark of failure of domestic n int.poliitics.we we're 40+ crore..today r 130crore+ ..had no enemy ..after Independence no friend…china..Pakistan..Burma…srilanka..Bangla desh..Nepal or Bhutan…no one is our friend n have their hidden agenda with Pakistan and China

我们既不属于俄罗斯集团。也不属于美国. .政治世界不关心我们…看看巴基斯坦，他们得到了中国的鼎力支持....其次是美国，第三是所有msl国家，他们总是拯救巴基斯坦，无论是军事战争还是经济，或者宗教战争，相比之下，我们所谓的世俗完全不一样，所以基督徒、msl国家、佛教国家都不关心我们，中国在军事上…经济上领先我们25年…虽然他们比我们晚独立……但我们无用的政治纲领，无耻的政客，腐败，叛国的文化一直让我们停滞在20世纪的光景....所谓的发展……连影子都没有。二战后，人口和敌国数量的增长是国内政治失败的标志。我们从4亿人口增长到今天的13亿。独立后我们没有朋友…中国、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、尼泊尔、不丹，都不是我们的朋友，与巴基斯坦和中国都有着不可告人的企图。

So forget previous wars..future wars also d same..n world is just waiting for opportunity to laugh at us…so we all Indians…may run short of guns .. bullet's..should be prepared to fight with lathis..stones..or what ever…but can't expect help from d world…

所以忘记以前的战争吧. .未来的战争也是如此。全世界都在等待机会嘲笑我们，所以我们所有的印度人可能会缺少枪支子弹. .我们应该准备好用铁棍、石头或其他东西来应战，不能指望世界来帮助我们…

 

Kishor Shah, Common Man

Cuban Missile Crisis and Indo-China war were during the same period and lot of confusion was prevailing in geo-political affairs, at that time.

古巴导弹危机和中印战争发生在同一时期，那时候地缘政治事务中存在着许多混乱。

 

Bharat Nadhani, former Ex Mg Director

Nehru followed non aligned politics without own capability. It was aimed to get support of gulf muslim countries , but failed.

Nehru has no sympathy to India, he only enjoyed Chair after lighting the Cigar of Lady Mountbaten.

尼赫鲁奉行不结盟政治，没有自己的能力。本来他计划获得海湾msl国家的支持，但失败了。

尼赫鲁对印度不关心，他只是为芒特巴登夫人点燃了雪茄后才享受了这把交椅。

 

Pranjal Jain

Simple reason : you should not fight a war which you can't win

原因很简单:你不应该打一场你赢不了的战争

 

Sunil Gupta, works at Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

India was the aggressor in that war. A fact hidden so far. Nehru and Krishna Menon paid for their folly.

Maybe Russia did not help because of that.

印度是那次战争的挑衅者。到目前为止，这是一个隐秘的事实。尼赫鲁和克里希纳·梅农为他们的愚蠢付出了代价。

也许俄罗斯就因为这个原因没有伸出援手。

 

Anindya Gupta, lives in India

And Khruschev said “ India is our Friend BUT CHINA is our BROTHER”

赫鲁晓夫说"印度是我们的朋友，中国是我们的兄弟"

 

Tigiripalli Krishna Kanth, Professor,DEAN and A Good Samaritan

At the time of Sino-Indian War our relationship with Russia is only in embryonic in its form; and the rift between Russia and China did not widened so much. Hence, Russian/Soviet Leadership did not make up its mind to help India against China. And more or less Nehru is a idealist and never realized how Chinese are feeling jealousy and envy of Nehru who only speaks about internationalism in World affairs; hence they wanted to teach a lesson to Nehru that the China is more stronger than India.

在中印战争时期，我们与俄罗斯的关系仅仅处于萌芽状态;俄罗斯和中国之间的裂痕还不明显。因此，俄罗斯/苏联领导人没有下定决心帮助印度对抗中国。尼赫鲁或多或少是一个理想主义者，从来没有意识到中国人对尼赫鲁的羡慕嫉妒，因为尼赫鲁只谈论国际事务中的国际主义。因此，他们想给尼赫鲁一个教训:中国比印度更强大。

 

Gwydion Madawc Williams, Read a lot about this

It was all over quite quickly, with a decisive Chinese victory. And there were still ties between Russia and China, despite quarrels.

一切都很快结束了，中国取得了决定性的胜利。尽管有争吵，俄罗斯和中国之间仍然有联系。

 

Anvit Shankar, Citizen of India with a keen interest in Politics

Because for USSR and USA, it was a minor conflict(20 October – 21 November 1962) between two underdeveloped nations.

They were involved in the Cuban Missile Crises(October 16–28, 1962) and it’s repercussions.

Nehru had in fact asked for help from USA, but it had ignored/refused.

因为对苏联和美国来说，这是两个不发达国家之间的小冲突(1962年10月20日至11月21日)。

他们那时候正忙着古巴导弹危机(1962年10月16-28日)。

尼赫鲁实际上向美国寻求过帮助，但却被无视/拒绝了。

 

Kumar Venkat, 404. Not found.

War is last option to any country. If Russia had helped India, what would happen to the relations between China and Russia?

Will India help Russia if there is war between US and Russia?

No one wants to get involved in a war unnecessarily especially when there is nothing to gain and everything to lose.

战争是任何国家最后的选择。如果俄罗斯帮助了印度，中俄关系会发生什么变化?

如果美俄之间发生战争，印度会帮助俄罗斯吗?

没有人愿意卷入一场不必要的战争，尤其是在什么都得不到、什么都可能失去的情况下。

 

Jay Desai, studies at Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education (2019)

Main Reasons for Soviet Union not helping India in 1962 War ;

苏联在1962年战争中不帮助印度的主要原因;

India was a Non Aligned Nation. It was not close to Soviets like it was in 1971. They didn't helped India as it was not Soviet ally.

印度是一个不结盟的国家。它不像1971年那样接近苏联。他们没有帮助印度，因为它不是苏联的盟友。

Soviets were busy in the Cuban Missile Crisis. All their military assets and attention was towards probable nuclear war.

苏联忙于处理古巴导弹危机。他们所有的军事资产和注意力都集中在可能发生的核战争上。

Chinese Premier was able to convince Soviet Premiere that India was more inclined towards US.

中国总理能够说服苏联，让他们相信印度更倾向于美国。

 

Image Source : Google.

Prabuddha Ghosh, studied at The University of Texas at Austin

The more interesting question should be why did USA not help India? In 1962 India did not have an alliance with USSR. In fact by creating NAM and taking Yugoslavia into the NAM camp instead of the Warsaw Pact, India was actively undermining USSR’s struggle to compete with USA for international mindshare.  India was far more in the USA camp than in the USSR camp. Thats when India learnt you cannot depend on USA and moved to the USSR camp.

更有趣的问题应该是，为什么美国不帮助印度?1962年，印度没有与苏联结盟。事实上，通过创建不结盟运动，将南斯拉夫纳入不结盟运动阵营而非华沙条约组织，印度正在积极破坏苏联与美国争夺国际舆论份额的努力。印度在美国阵营中远远多于在苏联阵营中。就在那时，印度意识到自己不能依赖美国，于是又向苏联阵营靠拢了。

 

Raj Goyal, Political Science major from Delhi University

USSR didn't helped India during the 1962 India China war (not Indo-China as it is a name of the region comprising the countries of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) because:-

苏联在1962年中印战争期间没有帮助印度(不是印度支那，因为它是由老挝、柬埔寨和越南组成的地区的名字)，原因如下：

1. First of all China was a socialist / communist country. So Russia wanted a fellow comrade country by its side.
2. Note the timeline of the war and Cuban missile crisis. Both happened at the same time. Cuban crisis happened from 16 Oct - 28 Oct 1962, whereas PRC attacked ROI on 20th Oct.
3. It was the brilliance of Soviet foreign policy to not to upset it's southern neighbour.
4. USSR initially supported China during the war, however when the tensions diffused with Washington (detente phase), Moscow took a neutral position.
5. After the war, Moscow supplied India with MiGs.
6. In 1970s China joined USA's camp (Kissinger visiting China), still remaining a member of NAM.

1。首先，中国是一个社会主义国家。因此，俄罗斯希望有一个同志国家在其身边。

2。注意战争和古巴导弹危机的时间表。这两件事同时发生。古巴危机发生在1962年10月16 - 28日，而中国在10月20日攻击了印度。

3。苏联外交政策的伟大之处在于，它没有惹恼它的南部邻国。

4。苏联最初在战争期间支持中国，但当与华盛顿的紧张局势扩散时莫斯科采取了中立立场。

5。战后，莫斯科向印度提供米格战斗机。

6。上世纪70年代，中国加入了美国阵营(基辛格访华)，到现在仍然是不结盟运动的成员国。

 

Giridharan Velamore, A complete Indian by spirit

Question: Why did Russia not help India in the 1962 war against China (the Sino-Indian war)?

Answer: I believe you meant to ask why did Soviet Union not support India in that war, because it existed till about 3 decades after that war.

I agree with the answer of Shreyas Krishna.

问:为什么俄罗斯在1962年中印战争中没有帮助印度?

答:我相信你的意思是问为什么苏联在那场战争中不支持印度，因为俄罗斯在那场战争后的大约30年才出现。

我同意克里希纳的回答。

Please see Cuban Missile Crisis and Sino-Indian War.

Although the nuclear missile scare existed for only 13 days, the dispute had continued much longer. USA had blockaded Cuba, the ally of Soviet Union and it existed till 20-Nov-1962. I have read an article in Rediff by an Indian analyst that the Chinese timed the war when the two superpowers are busy with their own conflict. At a time when nuclear weapons are kept at America’s neighbor and when America is threatening Cuba, Soviet Union cannot help India. Soviet Union created the problem by keeping their missiles in Cuba and they only could avert the problem. The Secretary of the Soviet Union Nikita Khruschev was quite worried that it was getting out of hand. As Soviet Union was the country that kept the missiles in Cuba they had the onus to remove it before any big disaster happens.

请看古巴导弹危机和中印战争。

虽然核导弹的恐慌只持续了13天，但争论持续的时间要长得多。美国封锁了苏联的盟友古巴，一直到1962年11月20日。我曾在Rediff上读到一篇印度分析员的文章，他说，当两个超级大国忙于自己的冲突时，中国选择在这时候发动这场战争。当美国的邻国出现了核武器、美国威胁古巴的时候，苏联无法帮助印度。苏联在古巴部署导弹造成了这个问题，他们只能避免这个问题。苏联秘书赫鲁晓夫非常担心局面会失控。由于苏联是将导弹留在古巴的国家，他们有责任在任何重大灾难发生前将其移除。

At this time our beloved PM Mr. Nehru and his Defense minister Mr. V.K. Krishna Menon went on a fool hardy exercise of Forward policy. The border dispute between India and China had existed for a long time and our PM did not properly engage our Indian military leadership in that exercise and it backfired. China wanted to teach a lesson to Mr. Nehru and what better a time than the two superpowers are locked in a serious conflict. It is one of the reasons why the Chinese after gaining military advantage, announced ceasefire and retreated. They achieved their political objectives and didn’t prolong the conflict any further. It was a wise move on their part.

USA had favorable opinion on India in that conflict. The Kennedy administration called it a ‘blatant Chinese c-st aggression against India’. Earlier, Soviet Union too had moved away from the Chinese c-sts due to Sino-Soviet split.

此时，我们敬爱的总理尼赫鲁先生和他的国防部长V.K.克里希纳·梅农先生愚蠢地执行了前进政策。印度和中国之间的边界争端已经存在了很长一段时间，我们的总理没有恰当地发挥我们的印度军事领导力，结果事与愿违。中国想给尼赫鲁先生一个教训，还有什么比这两个超级大国陷入严重冲突更好的时机呢?这也是中国在获得军事优势后宣布停火并撤退的原因之一。他们实现了他们的政治目标，没有进一步扩大冲突。对他们来说，这是一个明智的举动。

在那次冲突中，美国对印度有好感。肯尼迪政府称这是“中国对印度的公然侵略”。早些时候，由于中苏分裂，苏联也与中国拉开了距离。

India paid its price for the stupidity of our PM and Defense minister. China too is not innocent in that war but were successful in holding their fort. They gained Aksai Chin from that war. But India did gain valuable lessons from that war and successfully defended in the 1965 war against Pakistan. To this day, the Henderson Brooks-Bhagat report that analyzed the causes for the war and its failure stands classified. Not just Congress but even BJP is not releasing it. I believe it is high time we publish it to the general Indian public.

印度为总理和国防部长的愚蠢付出了代价。中国在那场战争中也不是无辜的，但却成功地守住了自己的堡垒。他们从那场战争中获得了阿克赛钦。但印度确实从那场战争中吸取了宝贵的教训，并在1965年针对巴基斯坦的战争中成功地进行了防御。直到今天，亨德森布鲁克斯-巴加特报告仍被列为机密，该报告分析了这场战争的原因及其失败。不仅是国大党，甚至印度人民党也没有公布。我相信现在是时候向印度公众公布了。

 

Akshay Shah, studied Bachelor of Science in Computer Science at Osmania University

Hello,

To put things into perspective, please see the following facts that hopefully will help quash all questions -

你好,

为了客观地看待问题，请看看下面的事实，希望能帮助你打消所有的疑问

>> The era of 1950’s & early 1960’s was interesting. They were interesting primarily because the world order was about to being set up into two camps - USA & USSR.

20世纪50年代和60年代初的时代很有趣。他们之所以有趣，主要是因为世界秩序即将被分为两个阵营——美国和苏联。

>> India, China, Israel, Pakistan had barely got independence. These countries hadn’t found their feet just yet & were starting to look out to align themselves with either USA or USSR as per their interests.

印度，中国，以色列，巴基斯坦刚刚独立。这些国家还没有站稳脚跟，并开始为了自身利益考虑与美国或苏联结盟。

>> To put this more bluntly the enemities that you see today like India vs Pakistan , India vs China, China vs USA, USA vs Russia were only beginning to shape up respectively

更直白地说，你们今天看到的敌人，比如印度vs巴基斯坦，印度vs中国，中国vs美国，美国vs俄罗斯，只是开始分别成型

So, if you understand, it was only post 1962 that India & Russia’s relations flourished when India needed a defence partner from which it could buy weapons as USA had already sided with Pakistan.

所以，如果你能理解的话，印度和俄罗斯的关系直到1962年后才开始热络，当时印度需要一个国防伙伴，从这个伙伴那里可以购买武器，而美国已经站在了巴基斯坦一边。

This was also because the great foolish Pandit Nehru was gone for good in 1964. It is this guy who ensured that India didn’t become anyone’s close friend be it USA or USSR. Infact, all the old & redundant crap that Indian Army still uses dates back to this era post-1962.

E.g- Mig 21’s, Mig 23’s that Indian Air Force still uses are 50 + years old.

这也是因为伟大而愚蠢的潘迪特•尼赫鲁在1964年去世了。正是这个家伙确保了印度不会成为任何人的亲密朋友，无论是美国还是苏联。事实上，印度军队仍在使用的所有过时和累赘的垃圾武器都可以追溯到1962年后的这个时代。

印度空军仍在使用的米格21和米格23已经有50多年的历史了。

Also, Indian people have no information about - Cuban Missile Crisis that had happened during the same 4 weeks during which China attacked. Infact, China had specifically chosen that time frame as it knew that all world super powers will be busy resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis & China can pummel India for good which it eventually did & nobody was able to help India which needed everything from clothes, ammunition to guns.

Nehru did run to Britain to beg for all of these but then it took them sometime to help. Also, if you have a leader like Nehru then the morale of army will already be down & out for good. Also, no one knows why Indian Air Force was never used.

Please see the dismal state of a brave army like ours , which because of unfortunate & feckless leadership became sitting duck for Chinese-

同时，印度人民也不知道古巴导弹危机发生在中国发动攻击的那4周内。事实上，中国特意选择了这个时间点，是因为它知道世界上所有的超级大国都将忙于解决古巴导弹危机&中国可以永远地打击印度，中国最终做到了这一点&没有人能够帮助印度所需的从衣服、弹药到枪支的一切东西。

尼赫鲁确实跑到英国乞求这些东西，但后来他们花了一段时间才帮上忙。此外，如果你有一个像尼赫鲁这样的领导人，那么军队的士气将会永远低落下去。而且，没有人知道为什么印度空军从未被派上用场。

请看看像我们这样勇敢的军队的悲惨处境，因为不幸和无能的领导而成为了中国人的靶子

 

Naksh Sanson, MA Political Science Political Theory & International Relations, Indira Gandhi National Open University (2017)

Russia was reeling under cold war with US and the Cuban Missile Crisis heightened tensions between the two belligerents to a dangerous level. The relations between the two nations were so strained that they were on the verge of an allout Nuclear War(Cuban missile crisis). This drew away Russia's attention  from India as it was already engaged with America. The Sino-Russia relationship was also worsening during the same period(Sino-Soviet split 1960-1989). Russia was sympathetic towards India and regarded it as an ally.If Russia had not been distracted by the Cuban Missile Crisis it would definitely had come to India's Aid.

俄罗斯在与美国的冷战中摇摇欲坠，古巴导弹危机将两国之间的紧张关系推到了一个危险的地步。这两个国家的关系是如此的紧张以至于他们处于全面核战争的边缘(古巴导弹危机)。这转移了俄罗斯对印度的注意力，因为它忙着和美国打交道。中俄关系在同一时期也在恶化(1960-1989年中苏分裂)。俄罗斯同情印度，视其为盟友。如果俄罗斯没有被古巴导弹危机分心，它肯定会来帮助印度。

But, this story also has a twist to it.

America who was vary of Co-st China at that time because of the detrimental role of Co-rty of China in the conflict zones America was engaged in like Vietnam and N. Korea. America also reeled in Shah of Iran and General Ayub Khan to provide military support to India.

"As the 1962 war began, the Shah of Iran sent Nehru a copy of letter he had written to Ayub Khan, suggesting that he send his soldiers to fight alongside Indian forces against the 'red menace'

America even offered India to be a member of SEATO or CENTO "

India refused, obviously because of Nehruvian Policy of Non Alignment.

但是，这个故事也有一个转折。

当时的美国对中国有不同的看法，因为中国在冲突地区扮演了反面角色，比如越南和朝鲜。美国还拉拢了伊朗国王和阿尤布·汗将军为印度提供军事支持。

1962年战争开始时，伊朗国王给尼赫鲁寄去了一封他写给阿尤布·汗的信，建议他派遣士兵与印度军队一道抗击“红色威胁”

美国甚至提议印度加入东南亚条约组织或中央条约组织

印度拒绝了，显然是因为尼赫鲁的不结盟政策。