印网友热议：为什么印度仍是发展中国家

Why is India still a developing country?

为什么印度仍然是一个发展中国家?

Quora评论翻译：

来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46173.html    译者：Jessica.Wu

Balaji Viswanathan, Indian by Birth. Indian by Thought.

When I started college in 2000, there was just a single metro transit system in India. In 15 years, we now have 7 metro systems in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, Jaipur and Gurgaon and another 7 more to open within 2 years. There were 0 expressways. Now, there are 23 and 22 more to come in the next couple of years. Less than 3 people out of every 100 had a phone and those three were likely urban rich. Now, almost every family has phones.

我在2000年开始上大学时，印度只有一条地铁线路。在15年里，我们在德里、孟买、加尔各答、班加罗尔、钦奈、斋普尔和古尔冈拥有7条地铁，另外7条将在两年内开放。那时一条高速公路都没有，如今在接下来的几年里，将会有23个新项目。当时每100人中只有不到3人拥有手机，而这3人很可能是城市富人。现在，几乎每个家庭都有手机。

Not just the technology. 4 more years have been added to an Indian's life with growing life expectancy, while the fertility ratio (# of children per woman) has fallen to a healthy 2.3 from over 3. Only about 40% of females over 15 were literate back in 2000 (Country Profiles). Now, it is over 60%. Enrollment in pre-primary education has more than doubled. There is a massive drop especially in young female illiteracy.

除此之外，随着预期寿命的增长，印度人的寿命又增加了4年，而生育率(每个妇女生育孩子的数量)从3个以上降到了2.3。在2000年，15岁以上的女性中只有40%的人识字。现在超过了60%学前教育的注册人数增加了一倍多。特别是年轻女性的文盲率大幅下降。

All in a little more than a decade. When someone says India is not developing, they have their eyes tightly shut. We have a long way to go, but we are on track.  Why don't poor Indians start a revolution?

这一切都发生在十几年内。当有人说印度没有在发展时，他们只不过没好好瞧罢了。虽然还有很长的路要走，但我们正步入正轨。为什么贫穷的印度人不发动一场改革呢?

As of 2015, India along with Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia, Turkey, South Africa and China has already graduated to the next stage from a developing country. It is no longer considered developing by the IMF, but a Newly industrialized country -  just one below the developed. This is a big step since 1947. It is also a part of G-20 major economies - influential economies in the world and becoming a key base for many for world's leading corporations.  Even in the 1970s, India found itself ranked only with economic basketcases.

截至2015年，印度、墨西哥、巴西、马来西亚、土耳其、南非和中国已经从一个发展中国家步入下一个阶段。国际货币基金组织不再把它们视为发展中国家，而视为新兴工业化国家——仅仅比发达国家差一点。这是1947年以来的一大步。印度也是20国集团主要经济体的一部分，是世界上有影响力的经济体，成为许多世界主要企业的关键基地。即便在1970年代，印度的经济表现还平平。

There is not just the economic growth. In military, Indian firepower has already jumped to the 4th place (Global Firepower Military Powers Ranked for 2015) and that means India no longer is pushed around like it was in your grandpa's time. It has been decades since India fought a full war and that is because we have enough firepower to defend against aggression.

除了经济增长，在军事上，印度的火力已经跃升至第四位(2015年全球火力-军事强国排名)，这意味着印度不再像你祖父那个时代那样被摆布了。印度打一场全面战争已经几十年了，这是因为我们有足够的火力抵御侵略。

In space, we have already become among a major power coming to ranks with the developed world. In computing, nuclear energy and other areas of high technology, it is closing the ranks with the developed world.

在太空领域，我们已经成为与发达国家齐头并进的大国之一。在计算机应用、核能和其他高科技领域，印度正在与发达国家拉近距离。

A lot of these developments happened in just 20 years. In my own short lifetime, I have seen India grow from a nuclear pariah to a defacto nuclear power. From an ignored economy to a major economic power. From a nation playing with crude technology to a nation on the cutting edge of a number of sectors. From a nation sending amateur rockets to finding water on moon & sending objects to Mars. I have seen cities grow from rubbish to ones with skyscrapers, metro railsystems and freeways. Different View of India: Pictures of Indian cities you don't see in overseas media.

这些发展大多发生在短短20年内。在我短短的人生中，我见证了印度从“核贱民”成长为事实上的核大国。从一个被忽视的经济体变成一个主要经济强国。从一个只懂原始技术的国家，到一个在多个领域处于前沿的国家。从一个向月球发射业余火箭到在月球上发现水和向火星发射物体的国家。我看到城市从垃圾成堆发展到遍地摩天大楼、地铁和高速公路。从不同视角看印度：你在海外媒体上看不到的印度城市图片。

If I extrapolate the changes I have observed in the last 20 years, I'm fairly confident that I will see a developed India before I die.

如果我按照过去20年观察到的变化进行推算，我非常有信心能在死前看到印度成为发达国家。

 

Yogesh Anantula, Studying Hotel Management from International Institute of Hotel Management (2020)

Let me explain with an example.

Everyone​ might have been aware of the new initiative taken by INDIAN RAILWAY'S.

让我用一个例子来解释。

每个人都可能知道印度铁路公司采取的新举措。

TEJAS EXPRESS.

“光辉特快”

The train is one of the brightest projects of Indian Railways and indubitably was destined to facilitate world class facility to Indian Passengers.

这列火车是印度铁路最引人注目的项目之一，毫无疑问，它注定会为印度乘客提供世界级的设施。

The Tejas Express India’s first semi-high speed full AC train. The luxury train, which boasts of several modern facilities on-board like LED TV and tea/coffee vending machine, was flagged off by railway minister Suresh Prabhu from Mumbai CST.

“光辉特快”是印度第一辆半高速全交流列车。这列豪华列车上安装了一些现代化设备，比如LED电视和茶/咖啡自动售货机。

The train is equipped with CCTV cameras, smoke and fire detection system. The 19-coach Tejas will have bio- vacuum toilets and GPS-based passenger information display system.

列车配有闭路电视摄像头，烟雾和火灾探测系统。19节车厢的“光辉特快”配备生物真空马桶和GPS乘客信息显示系统。

Without catering services, a Tejas Express chair-car and executive-car ticket between Mumbai and Goa costs Rs 1,285 and Rs2,585, respectively.

在没有餐饮服务的情况下，一张从孟买到果阿的“光辉特快”坐票和商务票价格分别为1285卢比和2585卢比。

The worst part is,

Indians are highly notorious sans vigilance.

Those who litter, toss trash and indulge in vandalism openly here in India are the ones who claim to be the flag bearer of elitism, class, and superiority in abroad.

最糟糕的是，那些在印度乱扔垃圾、公然破坏公物的人，是那些在国外声称自己是精英阶层有优越感的人。

In a rather disturbing revelation, it has come to everyone's notice that the Tejas Express, has gone through extreme spoliation.

相当令人出乎意料的是，每个人都注意到“光辉特快”经历了极端的破坏。

The train commenced its first ride and came back with fewer headphones, broken Windows, damaged infotainment screens and litter all over. One report even talks of unflushed toilets.

火车第一次旅程回来时，耳机丢失不少，窗户被打破，信息娱乐屏幕被损坏和垃圾成堆，甚至连厕所都没冲。

The ticket fare is affordable for an average middle class Indian and above. Most of the people who travel in this train are educated.

票价对于普通印度中产阶级及以上的人群来说是可以承受的。乘坐这列火车的大多数人也都受过教育。

If educated people do such kind of activities imagine, what would others do?This would be the reason why India is still a developing country.

如果受过教育的人都这样做，那其他人会怎么做?

这就是印度仍是一个发展中国家的原因。

“Its the dent ,we are gifting to the change which is going make a better change in our life,with unflushed toilets”

Development come's from the change.

希望这些能让我们做出改变，发展源自这些改变。

The better question is are we even worthy to talk about development,when we can't even maintain things as they were meant to be main.Change can't happen in India untill people in India start changing.A small advice to every citizen of India.If you want to change India, the first thing you need to change is yourself. So, let's change and develop India.Change For The Change. Support the change.Support for us.

当我们我们甚至不能维持本来应该维持的东西时，我们还谈得上发展吗?

在印度，除非人们开始改变，否则改变是不可能发生的。这是给每一个印度公民的小小忠告。如果你想改变印度，首先要改变的是你自己。所以，让我们改变和发展印度。为了改变而改变，并支持这种改变。

 

Nikhil Saurabh, works at Students

This is one of the major reason why India is still a developing country

#OpenDefecation

There are some facts which will leave you feeling disgusted.

1.More than 130 million households in India don't have toilet facilities available to them.

2.out of 949 million in the world that don't have toilet, India accounts for a whooping 564 million

3.61% of rural India and 10% of Urban India defecates in the open.

4.The economic impact of inadequate sanitation in India amounts to Rs. 2.44 trillion a year.

5.1.1 million liters of raw untreated sewage flows into the Ganges river every 60 seconds.

6.A study Conducted in New Delhi in 2009 found out tgat 1,534 public toiktes serve men, whereas only 132 serve women.

7.In rural area there are more TVs and Smartphones than toilets

8.In the slums of Mumbai, between 81 to 243 people share one toilet.

9.Majority of female students Drop out of schools due to lack of toilets. A mere 22% Graduate Class 10.

这是印度仍然是发展中国家的主要原因之一：露天上厕所

以下事实会让你感到厌恶：

1.印度有超过1.3亿家庭没有厕所

2.全球9.49亿没有厕所的人口中，印度占了5.64亿

3.61%的印度农村人和10%的印度城市人露天排便

4.印度卫生设施不足造成的经济影响达2.44万亿卢比/年

5.每60秒有110万升未经处理的污水流入恒河

6.2009年在新德里进行的一项研究发现，1534所公厕只为男性开放，而只有132所为女性开放。

7.在农村，电视和智能手机比厕所还多

8.在孟买的贫民窟，81-243人共用一个厕所。

9.大部分女学生因为没有厕所而辍学，只有22%读到10年级毕业。

 

Arpit Tiwari, B.Tech from National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra (2019)

One of the main reason for this is Education system in India.

其中一个主要原因是印度的教育系统。

Just because you have colleges and universities doesn’t mean you have education.Education has been a problem in our country and lack of it has been blamed for all sorts of evil for hundreds of years. Even Rabindranath Tagore wrote lengthy articles about how Indian education system needs to change. Funny thing is that from the colonial times, few things have changed. We have established IITs, NITs, IIMs, law schools and other institutions of excellence; students now routinely score 90% marks so that even students with 90+ percentage find it difficult to get into the colleges of their choice; but we do more of the same old stuff.

有学院和大学并不意味着有教育。在我国，教育一直是个问题，几百年来，缺乏教育一直被指责为各种罪恶的根源。甚至连泰戈尔也写了长篇文章，阐述印度教育体系需要如何改革。有趣的是，从殖民时代开始，几乎没有什么改变。我们建立了印度理工学院、国家技术学院、印度管理学院、法学院和其他优秀机构。现在学生的分数通常是90分以上，所以即使是90分以上的学生也很难进入他们申请的大学。但是我们还是老样子。

India's education system has been plagued by cheating for years.

印度的教育系统多年来一直受到作弊的困扰。

Parental guidance, Bihar style!

父母的指导,比哈尔邦的风格!

Window of oppurtunity!

机遇之窗!

Will be asked to climb the walls again!

将被要求再次爬墙!

Does she needs introduction? We better know her by PRODICAL SCIENCE!

需要介绍吗?我们最好通过医学来了解她!

Teamwork redefined!

重新定义团队协作！

Believe me they are going to become teachers!

相信我他们将要成为老师!

Jia ho bihar ke lala!(Live O son of Bihar)

比哈尔邦之子万岁！

Our education system is still a colonial education system geared towards generating babus and pen-pushers under the newly acquired skin of modernity. We may have the most number of engineering graduates in the world, but that certainly has not translated into much technological innovation here. Rather, we are busy running the call centres of the rest of the world – that is where our engineering skills end.

我们的教育制度仍然是一种殖民式的教育制度，目的是在新获得的现代性的外表下培养先生大人和文档工作者。我们可能拥有世界上最多的工程专业毕业生，但这肯定没有转化为技术创新。相反，我们正忙于运营世界其他地区的呼叫中心——这就是我们工程技能的终点。

The goal of our new education system should be to create entrepreneurs, innovators, artists, scientists, thinkers and writers who can establish the foundation of a knowledge based economy rather than the low-quality service provider nation that we are turning into.

新教育体系的目标应该是培养企业家、创新者、艺术家、科学家、思想家和作家，使他们能够建立以知识为基础的经济，而不是我们正在变成的低质量服务提供国。

 

Divyan George Varghese, lived in India (1979-2016)

The question implies that India is supposed to have been developed by now. Well yes, we should have, but hey, this is India we are talking about. Yes, India is a developing country and as a matter of fact, India will forever be developing, with a good chance of it becoming underdeveloped.

这个问题意味着印度现在应该发展起来的。是的，但这就是我们正在谈论的印度。印度是一个发展中国家，事实上，印度将永远是发展中国家，很有可能会变成欠发达国家。

Yes, on paper our economy is growing and we have more millionaires now than ever before. We have taller buildings and larger flyovers. We have metros and a bullet train is being built. We have airlines connecting almost every part of the country and we can drive on wider and safer roads than we could before. We have the IT hubs in India and we have more individuals employed than we have in the past. Multinational car and electronic giants are now making in India than elsewhere so manufacturing has gone up. So, if we have all this, that a country like USA or Germany has, why are we still classified as developing?

理论上，我们的经济正在增长，现在的百万富翁比以往任何时候都多。我们有更高的建筑和更大的立交桥。我们有地铁，子弹头列车也正在建造中。我们的航空公司几乎连接了国家的每一个地方，我们可以在比以前更宽更安全的道路上行驶。我们有IT中心，有比过去更多的雇员。现在跨国汽车和电子巨头在印度制造的汽车比其他地方都多，所以制造业也在上升。我们拥有像美国或德国这样的国家所拥有的这一切，为什么仍然被归类为发展中国家?

This proves that GDP and infrastructure alone does not develop a country, when the roots of that country, its people, have a very tribal mindset. The vast majority of our people are heavily reliant on religion and superstition that they will literally kill and die for their religion. These people will piss on the street, throw garbage on the street and even litter the bus and train. These people will think you are inferior because of your skin colour and they believe you deserve less because you belong to a class and caste according to them. These people will decide what you should eat and what you should wear. These people will lynch you if you hold hands or kiss in public. These people spit and stain the walls and these people pass lewd comments on our women. These people don’t allow our women to walk out after dark and fail to protect them and these people believe a woman’s place is in the kitchen.

这证明了当这个国家的人民怀有非常部落的心态，那GDP和基础设施本身并不能让一个国家发达。我们绝大多数人严重依赖宗教和迷信，他们会为自己的宗教而死。这些人会在街上小便、扔垃圾，甚至在公共汽车和火车上乱扔垃圾。这些人会因为你的肤色而认为你低人一等，他们认为你应该得到的更少，因为你属于他们眼中的低阶层和低种姓。这些人将决定你应该吃什么、穿什么。如果你在公共场合牵手或接吻，这些人会私刑处死你。这些人可以随地吐痰，把墙壁弄脏，还对我们的女人说下流的话。这些人不允许我们的女性在天黑后出门，认为女性应该待在厨房里。

These are not politicians I am talking about. These are the vast majority of common people like you and me. These are the people who are pulling the country backwards. There are the people who continue to keep India as a forever developing country. Finally, these are the people who will probably pull the country back into an underdeveloped country.

我说的不是政客，而是绝大多数像你我这样的普通人。这些人正在使国家倒退，让印度永远停留在发展中国家。最终，这些人可能会把这个国家拉回不发达国家。