苏联坠落25年，世界动荡25年 [俄罗斯媒体]

since collapse of USSR, 25 years of global instability

苏联坠落25年，世界动荡25年



Published time: 11 Sep, 2016 14:52Edited time: 11 Sep, 2016 15:41 （9月11日）

Yes, you have read the title of this article correctly. And no, this is not a press release by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

没错，这篇文章的标题你没读错。但这不是一篇俄罗斯共产党的出版社写得文章。

What this is, however, is an article documenting what has happened on the international stage since, and as a consequence of, the USSR’s demise, 25 years ago – an event which continues to affect the lives of ordinary people across the world, whether they are aware of it or not, and whether they like it or not.

这篇文章，记录了自从25年前苏联解体后，国际上所发生的事。苏联解体影响了整个世界人们的生活，不论他们是否清楚，不论他们喜欢与否。

This article stands diametrically opposed to the West’s standard narrative of the USSR, and it is this which makes this article particularly pertinent today, given that the West’s portrayal of itself as the “foundation of global peace and stability” has come to be exposed as nothing more than a façade and a manipulative lie. With that in mind, I ask of you, the reader, to be open-minded when reading this article and to set aside what Western politicians and mainstream journalists have constantly told you about the Soviet Union – a country which, amongst many other achievements, secured the victory over Nazism in the Second World War. As Winston Churchill wrote, it was the USSR that “tore the guts out of the Nazi war machine.”

这篇文章截然站在通常西方描述苏联的反面，来体现相关性。西方总是将自己的形象塑造成“世界和平和稳定的基石”，但这只是个表象，实则谎言。希望读者能持开放的心态读这篇文章，而不要不断地想西方政客和记者一直描绘的苏联。苏联，有很多的成就，在二战中战胜纳粹，保证了和平。正如丘吉尔所言“是苏联粉碎了纳粹的战争机器。”



（戈尔巴乔夫：美国对苏联的解体拍手称快）

Prior to 1991, the West, which is effectively the United States, had intervened, either by direct military force or through subversion, in the affairs of a number of independent, sovereign countries, such as Vietnam and Chile. And those interventions, which were illegal under international law, resulted in vast losses in human life and caused regional instability which, of course, had knock-on effects on global stability. However, from 1991 onwards, the rate at which the US has intervened in the domestic affairs of countries has increased exponentially, breaking international law like never before and acting in a brazen way like never before. The end result of those interventions has been to make the world more dangerous and more unstable than at any time since the Second World War.  

1991年前，西方，主要是美国，通过军事手段或政权颠覆，干预主权国家，譬如越南，智利。那些干预，违反了国际法，造成大量人员死伤，局部地区局势动荡，对全球的稳定有很大影响。然而，从1991年之后，美国干预别国内政的次数成几何上升，违反国际法就好像它根本不存在，变得前所未有的厚颜无耻。那些干预让世界变得从至二战以来，更危险，更不稳定。


 
（西方用错误的逻辑纪念1991年苏联政变  
https://www.rt.com/op-edge/356586-25-years-west-august-coup/ ）

The list of countries and regions which the US has intervened in is long and shocking, making for depressing reading: Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria and Ukraine. All of those countries are of immense geo-strategic importance, hence they were, and continue to be, on Washington’s radar. And in most of those cases, the Americans have either achieved, or attempted to achieve, their objectives by supporting Islamists (Bosnia, Libya and Syria), Fascists (Croatia and Ukraine) or organized crime (Kosovo).  

美国干预过得国家名单长的让人吃惊，读下去让人沮丧：波黑，克罗地亚，塞尔维亚，科索沃，阿富汗，伊拉克，利比亚，叙利亚和乌克兰。所有这些国家在地缘上都非常重要，因此，他们也将继续成为华盛顿的目标。大多数情况，美国都在支持伊斯兰主义者（波黑，利比亚，叙利亚），法西斯主义者（克罗地亚，乌克兰）或者有组织犯罪（科索沃）。

That interference, which the West has carried out under the deceptive heading “humanitarian intervention,” has caused immense damage to the standing of international law and the mechanisms of the United Nations. It has turned hitherto stable countries and regions into deeply unstable places which have, literally speaking, gone up in flames. It has brought organized crime to towns and cities across Europe. And it has turned Islamist terrorism into a potent force which has spread like a malignant cancer to Europe.  

西方在那些打着“人道主义调停”欺骗旗子下的干预，已经对国际法和联合国造成了巨大的破坏。原先稳定的国家和地区变得极度混乱，更确切地说，战火横飞。干预还使得有组织犯罪在欧洲的小镇和城市中四起。还使得伊斯兰恐怖主义变得强而有力，像毒瘤一般在欧洲扩散。

So what accounts for the sudden and drastic increase in America’s interventions in the world since 1991? The answer is simple: the absence of the USSR.

那么，是什么让美国的干预在1991年后急速增加？答案很简单：苏联的消失。

The Soviet Union was a superpower which, from 1945 until its collapse in 1991, prevented the US from dominating the world (something that Washington achieved after the Soviet collapse, the consequences of which the world is suffering from today). With a vast industrial sector, a vast industrial-military complex and a vast military, which numbered over four million personnel in 1991, supported by a massive inventory of military equipment, the USSR acted as a formidable bloc to American ambitions.  

1945年至1991年解体，苏联一直是个超级大国，它的存在使美国无法主宰世界（华盛顿在苏联解体后实现了这一目标，也是世界一直遭受痛苦的原因）。苏联，是个巨型的工业体，巨型的军工体，在1991年还有超过400万人的服役部队，武器装备无穷无尽，苏联是美国野心的强力阻碍。


 
（回望25年前终结苏联的失败政变1）

When policymakers in Washington were plotting over which countries to intervene in to enhance American power, they always had to take into consideration what the response of the Soviet government would be. That is not to say, however, that the Americans were always deterred by the Soviet Union, as they were not. But US plans were severely curtailed because of Soviet power. What the world was witness to from 1945-1991 was a counter to American political, economic and military influence. That meant the US did not have a free hand in global affairs.

曾经当华盛顿的政治家们在谋划要去干预哪个国家时，他们总是会考虑苏联会有什么行动。这并不是说美国人被苏联完全震慑住，但美国的计划程度因为苏联而减弱了很多。世界见证了这个1945-1991年间美国的政治，经济，军事全方面的对手。当时美国在插手国家事务时，远没这么自由。

Now, while the world prior to 1991 was not safe, given that there were more nuclear weapons then than there are today, the number of countries being destabilized were far fewer prior to the Soviet collapse. Further to that, the rise of radical Islam and Islamist terrorism since 1991, which the Americans have played an instrumental role in as a result of their support for Islamists in Bosnia, Libya and Syria, poses a terrible danger today to the safety and security of ordinary people across the world on a daily basis.
 
虽然，世界在1991年前也不是很安全，当时的核武器比现在要多，但被扰乱的国家在苏联解体前却比现在少得多。除此之外，1991年后，伊斯兰极端分子，恐怖分子开始兴起，美国人在波黑，利比亚，叙利亚支持伊斯兰主义者的行动都有推波助澜的作用，这使得全世界每天都在迎接危险。

Let us take a look at how the world would have developed had the USSR not collapsed.  

让我们来看看如果苏联没有解体，世界会是什么样。


 
（共产主义者要求普京在古巴部署导弹应对五角大楼在土耳其的扩张行为）

First, the Cuban Missile Crisis was averted, in part, because the US had to negotiate with the Soviet Union. People in the West are not often told that one of the main reasons the USSR deployed ICBMs in Cuba was that the US already had its own ICBMs in Turkey, which, of course, shared a border with the Soviet Union. And people in the West are not often told that the Cuban crisis was resolved because the Soviet government agreed to withdraw its ICBMs from the Caribbean island in reciprocation for the Americans withdrawing their ICBMs from Turkey. Hence, out of a near catastrophe for the world emerged a more stable situation, in which neither the US, nor the USSR, had ICBMs on one another’s borders. It should be noted, however, that today there are US nuclear warheads in Turkey. Alas, the collapse of the USSR encouraged the Americans once again to deploy weapons of mass destruction in a country situated in a very volatile part of the world, and the Russian Federation did not act as deterrence in that case.

第一，古巴导弹危机当时得以避免，很多原因是因为美国和苏联的协商。西方的很多人都不知道，苏联之所以在古巴部署弹道导弹是因为美国在和苏联接壤的土耳其部署了弹道导弹。西方的很多人也不知道古巴导弹危机得以解决的原因是因为苏联政府同意从加勒比海撤出导弹以换取美国从土耳其撤走导弹。从而，世界从灾难的边缘回归稳定，美国和苏联都没在对方的边界部署弹道导弹。但是，今天美国却在土耳其有核弹头。呜呼，苏联的坠落让美国敢再次在这个不确定的位置部署大规模杀伤性武器，俄罗斯联邦的存在没能起到震慑作用。


 
（投票现实大多数俄罗斯人对苏联解体遗憾，希望苏联重现
https://www.rt.com/politics/340158-most-russians-regret-ussr-has/ ）

Second, the Soviet Union would not have tolerated Yugoslavia’s territorial integrity being torn to shreds as the West did from 1991-1992, and then again in 1999. The Soviet Government would have given its full support to the Yugoslav People’s Army to disarm and arrest the illegally armed groups which emerged in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo. And the Soviet Navy would have dispatched a flotilla to Yugoslav waters to deter Western military intervention. It should be remembered that, following the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, Yugoslavia began to turn to the USSR for support.

第二，苏联不会容忍1991-1992年及1999年，西方撕碎南斯拉夫的领土。苏联政府必定会打击，逮捕斯洛文尼亚，克罗地亚，波斯尼亚和科索沃境内的武装组织。苏维埃海军会派遣船队去南斯拉夫以震慑西方的军事干涉。在1989年东欧共产主义垮台时，南斯拉夫当时是向苏联寻求帮助的。

Third, the Soviet Union deployed its military forces in Afghanistan to neutralize increasing radical Islam there. Partly as a result of the Soviet collapse, the Taliban, under the direction of close US ally Pakistan, soon came to power in Afghanistan. Had the USSR not collapsed, it is possible that the Taliban would not have taken control of the country, and it is certain that the Americans would not have invaded Afghanistan, as they did in 2001. Under no circumstances would the Soviet government have tolerated an American presence in Afghanistan on the borders of Soviet Central Asia – and Washington would have known this. Hence, the terribly dangerous situation in Afghanistan today caused by the American invasion would have been averted through the Soviet deterrent.

第三，苏联出兵阿富汗来中和伊斯兰激进分子的势力。由于苏维埃的倒下，塔利班，在美国盟友巴基斯坦的指挥下，迅速在阿富汗崛起。如果苏联没有倒下，塔利班不可能控制那个国家。美国在2001年也绝不可能入侵阿富汗。苏维埃政府绝不可能容忍美国在其中亚腹地寻求势力，美国对此也很清楚。可以说，如果苏维埃存在，其震慑将让造成阿富汗毁灭的美国入侵得以避免。

Fourth, Iraq, while also an ally of the West, was also an important ally to the USSR. And like the West, the Soviet Government sold vast amounts of military equipment to the Iraqis. During the Iran-Iraq War, Soviet battleships and freighters were sent to the Persian Gulf to ensure non-interrupted supplies of Iraqi oil. The Americans would never have invaded Iraq, like they did in 2003, with the Soviet Union in existence. Washington would have known that an invasion of Iraq could have brought the US and the USSR to the point of war.

第四，伊拉克，又一个西方的盟友，曾经也是苏联重要的盟友。苏维埃政府卖给伊拉克人大量军事装备。在两伊战争期间，苏维埃的战舰和货轮不断去往波斯湾，保证伊拉克原油的供给。如果苏联还存在，美国绝不会像2003年一样入侵伊拉克。华盛顿知道，入侵伊拉克会把美苏带到战争边缘。

 

（回望25年前终结苏联的失败政变2）

Fifth, Libya was an important arms market for the USSR and gave Moscow considerable leverage in North Africa. It follows, therefore, that the Soviet Government would have dispatched a naval flotilla to the Libyan coast if the Americans, British and French had considered military intervention to overthrow Muammar Gaddafi, like they did in 2011. Plans for Western intervention in Libya would have been deterred.  

第五，利比亚曾是苏联重要的武器市场，给莫斯科在北非很多平衡力量。可以说，如果美国人，英国人，法国人像2011年颠覆卡扎菲政权从而对利比亚进行武力干预，苏维埃政府必将派遣舰队去利比亚。从而西方对利比亚的干预将被遏制。

Sixth, Syria was the Soviet Union’s closest friend and ally in the Middle East and acted as the Soviet government’s eyes and ears in this hugely important part of the world. The Americans would never have considered supporting terrorist groups in Syria, as they are doing today. Washington knew just how close relations between Syria and the USSR were. The US would not have touched Syria, just as the USSR would not have touched Israel, a staunch friend and ally of America.   

第六，叙利亚是苏联亲密的朋友，也是苏联在中东的盟友，是苏维埃在这个地理极为重要地方的耳目。如果苏联存在，美国人绝不会像今天这样支持叙利亚的恐怖组织。华盛顿知道叙利亚和苏联的关系。美国不会去碰叙利亚，就像苏联不会去碰美国坚定的盟友以色列一样。

Seventh, Ukraine would not be edging towards membership in the European Union and NATO due to US influence today, because had the USSR not collapsed, the artificially created country of Ukraine would not exist.
第七，今天乌克兰不会由于美国的影响挨着欧盟和北约。因为如果苏联没有倒下，人为产生的国家乌克兰根本就不存在。



（白俄罗斯总统，俄罗斯共产主义领导人对苏联的消亡表示遗憾
https://www.rt.com/politics/352081-belarus-president-russian-communist-leader/ ）

It is all too easy to forget that, prior to 1991, American interventions in the world were not as common as they have become today. The Americans, at that point in time, understood that there were limitations on their ambitions and power – and this took the form of the Soviet Union. The US could not simply bomb a country (Serbia) and then take a piece of its territory and proclaim it as “independent” (Kosovo), or invade a country in one of the most geo-strategically important regions of the world (Iraq), depose both its leader and government and replace it with a pro-American one.

人们很容易忽略，在1991年前，美国对世界的干预远没今天这么平凡。美国人当时都明白，他们实现野心要适可而止---因为苏联的存在。美国过去不能直接炸个国家（塞尔维亚）然后分裂一部分领土，认定这是“独立的”国家（科索沃）。或者入侵一个地缘位置极为重要的国家（伊拉克），驱逐其领导人和政府，取而代之为亲美的。

If one looks at the countries and regions in the world which are jeopardizing global peace and stability today, one will see that they have all become destabilized by American interventions – from the former Yugoslavia to Iraq to Libya to Syria to Ukraine. And the US succeeded in intervening in those countries because there was no deterrent – no Soviet Union.

如果现在看看那些国家和地区对全球的和平稳定有害，可以清楚的发现那些国家和地区都因美国的干预而变乱过---从前南斯拉夫，到伊拉克，到利比亚到叙利亚，再到乌克兰。而美国能成功对这些国家进行干预，因为没有威慑，没有苏联。

Now, Russia, under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, has regained a lot of its lost superpower status. And that is very good for peace and very good for stability in the world. So, for instance, if Russia today was weak, like it was in the 1990s, the Americans would more than likely have opted for direct military force in Syria to topple President Bashar al-Assad. Hence, it is evident that the US doesnot have the free hand in global affairs which it enjoyed after the Soviet collapse – and this is due to a Russian deterrent.  

现在，俄罗斯在弗拉基米尔普京的领导下，恢复了很多它失去的力量。这对世界的和平稳定有积极意义。如果打个比方说，今天俄罗斯很弱，就像90年代那样，美国人很可能会对叙利亚进行直接的军事介入，颠覆总统巴萨尔阿萨德。美国当前没能像苏联解体过后那样自由干预国际事务，因为有俄罗斯的震慑。

However, the current Russia does not have the power that the USSR possessed. Perhaps, and hopefully, it will one day. But until then, American interventions will remain a feature of the world in which we live today, albeit reduced in their frequency.
 
然而，现在的俄罗斯没有过去苏联的力量。希望也许以后有一天会有。但在那之前，美国人的干预调停将一直是我们所生活的世界的一个特色，尽管频率减少。

The Soviet Union, which the vast majority of its citizens expressed support for in a March 1991 referendum, proved to be not just a success for its people, but also for global peace and stability as well.  This year marks 25 years since that positive force on the international stage disappeared. Suffice it to say that the world today is a more dangerous place because of the absence of the USSR.

苏联，绝大多数公民曾经支持1991年公投保留苏联，证明了苏联不仅是其人民的成功，也是世界和平稳定的力量。今年标志着这一股正能量在国家舞台消失的25周年。可以说，今天世界更危险，因为少了苏联。


DavidG992
The 25-year reign of "humanitarian terror" unleashed by the "empire of goodness" is coming to an end. We see it clearly in Syria, Iran, Ukraine, SE Asia, Latin America. While there is no other Soviet Union to stand up against the "benevolent" super-thug, there are multiple centers of resistance, and they will grow in our multipolar world.

“正义帝国”施展了25年的“人道主义恐怖”到此结束。在叙利亚，伊朗，乌克兰，东南亚，拉丁美洲我们都看得很清楚。虽然没有苏联来对抗这个“仁义的”超级大流氓的却有很多抵抗中心，他们都将成为多极力量的一部分。

Oliver Plane
Judging from behaviors of many capitalist gov. around the world, I am beginning to doubt if communists were really that bad. while we were so busy dropping bombs on other countries, Little poor communist country like Cuba was busy dropping doctors and nurses on other countries.

从世界上很多资本主义政府的行为来看，我开始怀疑共产主义者是否真的那么坏。我们忙着在其它国家投炸弹，共产主义小可怜古巴却一直在给别的国家投医生和护士。

Orange one
25 years of hegemonic rule by the "rogue" state - USA

“流氓”国家---美国，25年的霸权统治

Blue Palmtree
Yeltsin.The biggest traitor in history after Judas.

叶利钦，历史上犹大之后的最大叛徒

Purple Grapes
I am from Poland, and I remembered the days we are under the Russian boot. Nothing was in stores, people wait several hours every day to buy basic stuff, like bread. Every decision on our lives was put in Moscov, we can't elect our own goverment, it was appointed in USSR. Now we in Poland, Czech, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovenia, Chorvatia, Serbia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia can live in free countries, only because USSR fall down. It's half a Europe. Maybe for you we are artificial countries too. You are plain stupid, for saying such things.

我来自波兰，我还记得我们在苏联人统治下的日子。商店里什么都没有，为了买像面包一样的基本物品，人们每天要排队几个小时。我们国家的所有决定都是由莫斯科说了算，我们不能选自己的总统，因为总统是由莫斯科指派的。现在，波兰，捷克，斯洛伐克，罗马尼亚，保加利亚，匈牙利，斯洛文尼亚， 克罗地亚，塞尔维亚，立陶宛，拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚的人们能活在自由的国度，这都得益于苏联坠落。这可是半个欧洲呀。可能就你们而言，我们都是些人为形成的国家吧。真是蠢蛋。

Cyan Cloud
My country suffered when Soviet Union existed and Poland was their satellite state. Empty shops, limited opportunity for realising your dreams, dissapearing and terrorising citizens and a puppetered goverment that told you how to live. Don't even say that this didn't happen and USSR was all singing, all dancing utopia of the world. There's no way I'd think of USSR in a positive way... very glad this fell apart as many countries regained their long lost independence. Russia and China can still together oppose USA so it's not all that bad.

我的国家，波兰曾是苏联的卫星国，在苏联时期痛苦不堪。空商店，没什么实现梦想的机会，会消失的市民和一个傀儡政府教你怎么活着。别以为这些事都不存在，苏联的人们一直都载歌载舞歌唱乌托邦。我想不到任何苏联好的方面...真高兴苏联解体了，很多国家重新得到自由。现在俄罗斯和中国也能一起对抗美国呀，没那么糟。

Ambo
National independence and NATO membership are contradictory. Sovereignty disappears when NATO appears. Poland today is a lick-spittle country playing up to USA.

国家独立和北约成员地位是互斥的。加入北约就失去了主权。今天波兰在舔美国的唾沫。

YankeeGoHome35
How many Polish people are currently out from "liberated Poland" today? Or from Ukraine? Why are they living the free Poland and Ukraine?

今天又有多少波兰人离开了“自由的波兰”？又有多少乌克兰人离开了“自由的乌克兰”？为什么他们不住在自由的波兰和乌克兰？

Gold Turtle
I'm form Italy, and I think that this article is really tell us the thruth. The problem is that now is difficult form Russia go back.
In Italy last week come Thousands of people from Africa and, as you surely know, this is only a little part of the arrivals in these last years. These is a result of the US predominance without Its historical  counterpart.

我是意大利的，我觉得这篇文章说得对。问题是俄罗斯元气很难再恢复了。
上星期，又有几千个人从非洲来了，你肯定知道这些事，这仅仅是过去几年来的一小撮。没人阻止美国就会出问题。

Blue bug
But what we are calling "the West" is a figment of society's imagination. This "West" is run by Multinational corporations who know no borders, recognize no laws, are loyal only to themselves and really answer to none but each other. Yes, America has an enormous military, but that is only the forceful arm of these corporations and is swung like a hammer without mercy any any who oppose them.

但我们现在所说的“西方”只是一个社会虚构的景象。“西方”是由跨国大公司掌管的，他们不管国界，不认识法律，只忠于自己，其它人呼唤从不回答。美国是有一个强大的军队没错，但他们只是这些公司的武器，就像个大锤一样，挥向所有反对他们的人。

Gold Elephant
Some guy from the  Democratic Party on CNN just said at 9:20AM Pacific standard time that Russia, China, North Korea are enemies of the US?  So, pretty soon they will be the new axis of evil.

在上午9:20的CNN节目中，一个来自民主党的人说俄罗斯，中国，朝鲜是美国的敌人？那么，很快他们会组成新的轴心国。

YankeeGoHome35 to Gold Elephant
They already are, ask the Yanks. Any country that has no USA puppet Government.

他们确实是美国的敌人，不信问问美国佬。任何不是美国傀儡的国家皆是美国的敌人。

Oliver Magnet
"The current Russia does not have the power that the USSR possessed".  Maybe it doesn't matter.  There is another country nearby which is under assault also.  That is in the same 'boat' with Russia. China.

“现在的俄罗斯没有过去苏联的力量。”或许这不那么重要了，有个国家正也受到美国的攻击，还和俄罗斯在同一条“船”上。中国。