《印度快报》经济涂鸦：究竟印度在哪里领先于中国 [印度媒体]

Economic Graffiti: Where India is ahead of China
Written by  Kaushik Basu 
Published: November 10, 2017 12:30 am

经济涂鸦：究竟印度在哪里领先于中国



发表：2017-11-10

India’s early investment in secularism, cultural openness, freedom of speech, which made the early years difficult for economic growth, is now in a position to pay off. But all forecasts come with caveats.

印度在世俗主义，文化开放，言论自由方面的早期投资，使早年经济增长困难重重，现在可以得到回报。但是所有的预测都有警告。

It must be because of the 19th National Congress of China’s Communist Party last month that there has been a flurry of conferences, meetings and discussions in recent weeks on the growth prospects of emerging economies, particularly China.

在最近几个星期就新兴经济体特别是中国的发展前景出现了一连串的会议和讨论。

Both as a consequence of Donald Trump’s dismal performance and Xi Jinping’s remarkable leadership, China is beginning to rival the United States’ global political influence. But, in terms of the economy measured by GNP or per capita income, China still has a long way to go.

由于唐纳德·特朗普惨淡的表现和中国主席卓越的领导才能，中国正在开始媲美美国的全球政治影响力。但从国民生产总值或人均收入来看，中国还有很长的路要走。

One particularly interesting meeting I participated in was on the relative growth prospects of China and India. China’s economic performance has been so good since 1978 to now, that the tendency for most analysts is to extrapolate that and put China ahead of India in terms of prospects. Yet, I have come to believe that, in terms of long-run economic prospects, there is reason to place India ahead of China. Since this is a contrarian view, it needs explanation.

我参加的一个特别有趣的会议是中国和印度的相对增长前景。从1978年至今，中国的经济表现一直很好，大多数分析师倾向于推断这一点，并把中国的前景放在前面。但是，我认为，就长远的经济前景而言，有理由把印度放在中国之前。既然这是一个逆向的观点，那就需要解释

China’s economic performance from 1969, a year in which its growth rate was an unbelievable 16.9 per cent, and more relentlessly from 1978, has been outstanding. One reason for the success is the coercive power of its leaders. This enabled China to push through tough reforms. India’s cacophonous democracy placed many more restraints on the leaders and often made it impossible for them to make essential reforms.

从1969年的中国经济表现来看，这一年的增长率是令人难以置信的16.9％，而且从1978年开始更加不容乐观。其成功的一个原因是其领导人的强制力量。这使中国能够推进艰难的改革。印度的和声民主制度对领导人施加了更多的限制，常常使他们无法进行根本性的改革。

But I believe that these same traits that helped China grow risk becoming its Achilles’s heel. Conversely, India’s early investment in secularism, cultural openness, freedom of speech, which did make the early years difficult for economic growth, is now in a position to pay off.

但我相信，这些相同的特点帮助中国成长为风险的致命弱点。相反，印度在世俗主义，文化开放，言论自由方面的早期投资，使早年难以实现经济增长，现在可以得到回报。

According to the tenets of neoliberal economics, China’s economy should not be growing. But since we have hard evidence of its growth, that debate should be treated as settled: Neoliberal economics is wrong. However, there are puzzling questions about China’s phenomenal performance. A disproportionate amount of its GDP is produced by the state-owned sector, and the Communist Party has representatives on the boards of private companies. It is a top-down system that failed in most countries but seems to have succeeded in China.

根据新自由主义经济学的原理，中国经济不应该增长。但是，既然我们有充分的证据证明它的发展，那么就应该把这个辩论看作是解决的：新自由主义经济学是错误的。然而，关于中国现象的表现令人困惑。其国内生产总值的比例过高是由国有部门生产的，中国在私营企业董事会中有代表。这是一个自上而下的制度，在大多数国家都失败了，但似乎在中国取得了成功。

What China’s experience shows is that a coercive system, run by intelligent leaders, can yield dividends. Mao Zedong made big mistakes but it was under his leadership that the country invested in health and education, which has given China a remarkably talented workforce. Under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership, critical space was created for market forces and, at the same time, a clever interventionist policy was devised for exchange rates, which promoted exports. And in Xi Jinping we see an extraordinary capacity for management and control as well as for global engagement.

中国的经验表明，由聪明的领导人执行的强制性制度可以产生红利。毛泽东犯了大错，但在他的领导下，国家投入了健康和教育，这给了中国一支非常有才能的人才队伍。在邓小平的领导下，为市场力量创造了关键空间，同时又为汇率制定了一个巧妙的干预政策，促进了出口。在中国，我们看到了管理和控制以及全球参与的非凡能力。

Why, then, do I have concerns about China? Because a coercive, top-down system, after a while, acquires its own raison d’etre and, when that happens, the interests of those at the top run contrary to the interests of the nation. The coercive structure is then used to preserve political power rather than to promote development.

那么为什么我对中国有所担忧呢？因为自上而下的强制性制度在一段时间之后就会有自己的存在理由，而当这种情况发生时，最高利益的人的利益就会违背国家的利益。然后，强制性结构被用来保存政治权力，而不是促进发展。

The key lesson is: A top-down coercive system may work for a while, but tends to backfire in the long-run. In a fascinating TedTalk, the celebrated British music conductor, Charles Hazlewood, pointed out how coercion and the dictatorship of the conductor can produce good music; but truly great music requires personal freedom for individual players and trust between the conductor and the orchestra. This is true not just for orchestras but for corporations and governments.

关键的教训是：自上而下的强制性制度可能会持续一段时间，但从长远来看往往会起反作用。英国着名音乐指挥查尔斯·哈泽尔伍德（Charles Hazlewood）在一个引人入胜的TedTalk中指出，强权和指挥专政是如何产生好音乐的;但真正伟大的音乐需要个人的自由和个人的自由和指挥与管弦乐队之间的信任。这不仅适用于管弦乐队，也适用于公司和政府。

In societies like China and India, a special problem pertains to the control of corruption. Because corruption is so pervasive, leaders, even if they are genuinely keen on controlling it, face a choice of who they will go after, friends or the opposition. There is a natural tendency, stemming from the instinct of self-preservation, to go after the latter. Soon, the anti-corruption drive becomes an instrument of silencing dissent. Both India and China face this risk but it is bigger for China because of the absence of free media.

在中国和印度这样的社会，一个特殊的问题就是控制腐败。由于腐败是如此普遍，领导者即使真的热衷于控制腐败，也要面对他们将要去追求的人，朋友或反对者的选择。有自然的倾向，源于自我保存的本能，追求后者。不久之后，反腐运动成为沉默异议的工具。印度和中国都面临这样的风险，但由于缺乏自由媒体，中国面临更大的风险。

The Chinese top-down system is so all-embracing that it may be impossible to dismantle. Like in so many countries through history, when there is some malfunctioning of such a system, the economy gets short shrift over political power preservation. And, therein lies India’s strength. Thanks to the nation’s early commitment to democracy, openness and free media, it is now in a position to reap the benefits. India’s high growth from 2005 has many drivers but those early (and undoubtedly costly) social and political investments are prominently among them. For this reason, I believe India is likely to outstrip China not in the next few years but in the long run. Its system, with vents open for continuous dissent, may make growth a little slower but, for that very reason, surer.

中国自上而下的制度是如此全面，以至于不可能拆除。像历史上那么多的国家一样，这样一个制度出现了一些故障，经济在政治权力保存方面就变得不起眼了。印度的力量就在于此。由于国家对民主，开放和自由媒体的早期承诺，现在可以从中受益。印度2005年以来的高速增长有很多推动力，但那些早期（而且毫无疑问代价高昂）的社会和政治投资是其中的重点。因此，我相信印度未来几年可能会超过中国，但长远来看，它的系统，通风口持续异议，可能会使增长慢一点，但是，正是因为这个原因，当然可以。

Democratic nations can, of course, take wrong turns. We have seen this happen in the United States in the early 1950s during the McCarthy years, in India in 1975-77 when Indira Gandhi imposed Emergency. But the traditions of freedom, and in particular the anonymous ballot, play an important role in bringing these to an end, as happened in the US and in India. That is the reason for my optimism for India’s economy.

民主国家当然可以走错了路。我们已经看到这种情况发生在20世纪50年代初的麦卡锡时期的美国，1975 - 77年印度甘地实施紧急状态。但是，自由的传统，特别是不记名的投票，在美国和印度发生的这些事情结束之后，发挥了重要的作用。这是我对印度经济乐观的原因。

All forecasts, however, come with caveats; things can go wrong. I am not talking about a wrong policy intervention, such as the ill-conceived demonetisation of last November or the poor design of the otherwise desirable GST. India’s big risk is the rise of right-wing religious vigilantism in recent years. These acts are led by people with a deep sense of inferiority about their own nation and so they like to shout from roof tops about their greatness five millennia ago and imitate fundamentalist and supremacist groups of other societies. The silencing of dissent and the free media, and the use of threats and even actual violence that has emerged from this group is a genuine risk for India. There is a small probability that this group, by its own insecurity and viral hatred of the other, will cause India to stall and stagnate. But I remain optimistic, and believe that this is just a phase.

然而，所有的预测都有警告。事情可能会出错。我不是在谈论一个错误的政策干预，例如去年十一月的错误的去妖化，或是其他令人满意的消费税的糟糕设计。印度最大的风险是近年来右翼宗教警惕主义的兴起。这些行为是由对自己的国家有深刻自卑感的人领导的，所以他们喜欢五千年前从他们伟大的屋顶上呼喊，模仿其他社会的原教旨主义和至上主义的团体。对异议人士和自由媒体的沉默，以及使用威胁，甚至是从这个群体中出现的实际暴力，都是印度真正的风险。这个小组由于自身的不安全感和对另一个人的病毒性仇恨，很可能会导致印度停滞不前。但是我保持乐观，相信这只是一个阶段。


Dr Das
Nov 11, 2017 at 5:44 pm
This article is more based on sentiment than assessment of ground reality and knowledge. Hitler Germany was more right wing and authoritarian than any regime in modern history, yet despite that or perhaps because of that it was technological and economic star performer unmatched by any other nations. US was extreme right wing state till 1960s, yet it precisely during that period it was number one in economic and scientific achievement. Basu, another pseudoliberal bought up with allergy to term Hindu, like many of his ilk on this trash site is making untenable intellectually feeble arguemdnt to undermine the present ruling party.
本文更多基于情感而不是基于现实和知识的评估。 德国希特勒比现代历史上的任何一个政权都更为右派和专制，尽管如此，也许是因为它是任何其他国家所无法比拟的技术和经济明星。 直到20世纪60年代，美国才是极右翼的国家，但正是在这个时期，它在经济和科学成就上是第一位的。 巴苏是巴基斯坦的另一个伪自由主义者，他们对这个垃圾网站的过敏反应很高，就像他在这个垃圾网站上的许多同类事物一样，在理智上无能为力地想要破坏现在的执政党。

RS
Nov 11, 2017 at 1:00 am
These are the questions that come to mind while reading your utterances. 1. Are you a member of the Sangh Parivar? 2. Have you been paid by anyone associated with the Sangh Parivar? 3. Are you seeking to join any outfit associated with the Sangh Parivar? Please answer these questions. 'Thank you.

这些是在阅读你的话语时想到的问题。 1.你是Sangh Parivar的成员吗？ 2.你有没有与Sangh Parivar有关的任何人付款？ 3.您是否想加入与Sangh Parivar有关的服装？ 请回答这些问题。 '谢谢。

Karthik Cmouli
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:46 pm
Yes the assessment is spot on but therein lies the catch for when it comes to India, contrary to moronic comments below such as "saffron terror" when in reality the only terrorism in India stems from Islamic terror - for with Indian it has to deal with the baggage of secularism. Nope, I am not talking about secularism in the true sense but about the sick-ular crowd who stood out for nearly bankrupting all of India for the last ten years to the point where the very term secular has been reborn on the electoral corpse of the UPA. Well the UPA nearly ran down India while legitimizing corruption to the point that the largest employer in India had funds left only for one month of operations. It was that bad and much more. Well the only impediment to India's growth would be a return of the UPA or allow the sickular brigade like one of the commentators below to try and change the narrative.

是的，这个评估是现实的，但其中涉及到印度的情况，与“藏红花恐怖”这样的虚假评论相反，实际上印度唯一的恐怖主义源于伊斯兰的恐怖 - 因为印度需要处理 世俗主义的行李。 不，我不是在谈论真正意义上的世俗主义，而是关于在过去十年里几乎将印度全部破产的病态人群，以至于世俗已经重新出生在这个世界的选民尸体上UPA。 那么，UPA几乎跑下印度，同时使腐败合法化，以至于印度最大的雇主只剩下一个月的运营资金。 这是不好的，还有更多。 那么印度发展的唯一障碍就是UPA的回归，或者让像下面的评论员那样的病态的旅去尝试改变叙述。

RS
Nov 11, 2017 at 1:02 am
Yes, India does face "Saffron Terror". Only moronic act is to deny that it exists.

是的，印度确实面临着“藏红花恐怖”。 只有虚无的行为是否认存在。

Ram
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:35 pm
The reality is oposit of what this lefty i ssaying. Nehruvian/Marxist inspired pseudo-secularism has made mini pakistans in Hyderabad, WB, Kerala and Kashmir as almost no-go territory fro Hindus. In the name of secularism Hindus have been systematically divided on caste lines to aid converts and real fighting Shia-Sunnies have been made united vote bank so that most regressive, corrupt and selfish politicians like Momota,Lalu,Maya,Mulayam,Kejirwal and of course Nehru family have misused power and looted INdia all these decades. Now only after realizing the damage fake-secularism imposed by Nehru-JNU Marxists people of India are rejecting all these islamist-missionary-marxist parties and voting consistantly nationalist parties practicing real secularism, which is sanatana dharmas who accept different way of worship without saying some one is kaffir or go to eternal if not believe in Jesus etc. Highlighting some stray cases of violence as Hindu supremacy is another marxist trick.

现实是个左撇子的我说的是什么。尼赫鲁主义/马克思主义的假世俗主义使海得拉巴，世界银行，喀拉拉邦和克什米尔的小巴基斯坦人几乎成为印度教徒的禁区。以世俗主义的名义，印度教徒已经在种姓界线上进行了系统的划分，以帮助皈依者，而真正的战斗已经成为统一选举银行，使得像桃太，拉鲁，玛雅，穆拉亚姆，科吉尔沃尔这样的大多数倒退，腐败和自私的政治家当然尼赫鲁家族几十年来一直滥用权力和掠夺INdia。现在只有在意识到尼赫鲁 - JNU强加的假世俗主义造成的损害之后，马克思主义者才会拒绝所有这些伊斯兰教 - 传教 - 马克思主义政党，并投票选出真正的世俗主义者，这就是那些接受不同的敬拜方式，一个是非洲黑人，如果不相信耶稣，那就去永恒。突出印度至上的一些流氓暴力事件是另一个马克思主义的伎俩。

Bitterhoney
Nov 10, 2017 at 10:12 pm
Saffron terrorism is the real enemy of India, it will stall all progress.

藏红花恐怖主义是印度真正的敌人，它将阻碍所有的进步。

Ram
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:49 pm
dear safron will stal only intolerant j!had!s and conversion agents suported by maculay/marxist traitors. rest of India are very happy with current situation. Peole like you always had option called porkistan. Only sanatana dharma people have problem, as they tried to share what is theirs with islamists even after division and all problems we face is due to evil alliance of marx-mulla-missionary groups, which is finally de-fanged in Nov 2014 once for all. No point in becoming angry at sanatana dharmis for their claims on what really belongs to them! Yes, it has stalled uncontrolled conversions, loot and j!hadi plans like zakir nails and now soon madani s PDF in kerala. Dumped to dustbin marxists and their congressi friends. Look at Rahul babas visits to temples, Gita quotings etc. to understand the changes taking place! Even commies start going to temples soon to surivive!

亲爱的铁路运输公司将仅仅容忍由马太兰/马克思主义叛徒支撑的不容忍的不法分子。 印度其他地方对目前的情况非常满意。 像你一样的皮尔总是有选择叫做猪肉。 只有桑塔那达摩人才有问题，即使在分裂之后，他们也试图与伊斯兰主义者分享什么是他们的问题，我们面临的所有问题都是由于马克思 - 穆拉传教团体的邪恶联盟所致，最终在2014年11月彻底失败。 在sanatana dharmis因为他们真正属于他们的要求而生气没有意义！ 是的，它已经停滞了不受控制的转换，战利品和j！hadi计划，如zakir指甲，现在马上在马拉喀什喀拉拉邦的PDF。 倾倒垃圾桶马克思主义者和他们的议员朋友。 看看Rahul babas参观寺庙，Gita引用等，了解发生的变化！ 即使公社即将开始去寺庙生存！

Dr Das
Nov 11, 2017 at 5:44 pm
This article is more based on sentiment than assessment of ground reality and knowledge. Hitler Germany was more right wing and authoritarian than any regime in modern history, yet despite that or perhaps because of that it was technological and economic star performer unmatched by any other nations. US was extreme right wing state till 1960s, yet it precisely during that period it was number one in economic and scientific achievement. Basu, another pseudoliberal bought up with allergy to term Hindu, like many of his ilk on this trash site is making untenable intellectually feeble arguemdnt to undermine the present ruling party.

本文更多基于情感而不是基于现实和知识的评估。 德国希特勒比现代历史上的任何一个政权都更为右派和专制，尽管如此，也许是因为它是任何其他国家所无法比拟的技术和经济明星。 直到20世纪60年代，美国才是极右翼的国家，但正是在这个时期，它在经济和科学成就上是第一位的。 巴苏是巴基斯坦的另一个伪自由主义者，他们对这个垃圾网站的过敏反应很高，就像他在这个垃圾网站上的许多同类事物一样，在理智上无能为力地想要破坏现在的执政党。

Sanjeev
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:18 pm
No nation can separate itself from the past. 200 years of foreign rule, whose aim was to milk the resources, we are yet to find a balance. When was it when largest part of present India was under a single ruler !! Probably in 8th century (even then large parts of west and south were independent regions. Though till 17th century India was prosperous (something brought Brits here). US China had altogether different history. How far is comparison fair !!

没有一个国家能够与过去分离。 200多年的国外统治，其目的是为了汲取资源，我们还没有找到一个平衡点。 当时印度的大部分是在一个统治者之下的呢？ 可能在八世纪（即使那时西部和南部的大部分地区是独立的地区，尽管直到十七世纪，印度还是繁荣的（有些地方是英国人），美国中国的历史是完全不同的。

Onkar Singh
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:48 pm
You may live in the Oblivion of the past, hence this article is not meant for you.

你可能生活在过去的遗忘中，因此这篇文章不适合你。

Stranger
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:54 pm
britishers liberated us from 1k years of islamic slavery thats it. all modern ins ution that we find around us are their creation. in fact 70yrs of british rule had been much better than 70yrs of congress rule. i am mortified to think what way we would have been living had the british not intervened to end this islamic dominance over the subcontinent.

britishers解放了我们从伊斯兰奴隶制的1k年就是这样。 我们在我们身边找到的所有现代的东西都是他们的创造。 实际上70年代的英国统治已经远远超过了70年代的国会规则。 如果英国人不干预，就无法结束在次大陆上的伊斯兰统治，我对此感到很惭愧。

Shankan Pandith
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:30 pm
Britishers did not take India from Mughals, Marathas already destroyed muslim rule in India, without British interfering they would have cleaned up entire country and restored it with Maratha culture , even pakistanis would have been marathaized. Unfortunate for India, british spoiled the party.

英国人没有从印度人手中夺取印度，马拉特已经摧毁了印度的穆斯林统治，没有英国的干涉，他们会清理整个国家，用马拉文化恢复它，即使是巴基斯坦人也会被玷污。 印度不幸，英国宠坏了党。

Sanjeev
Nov 11, 2017 at 1:21 am
You must be from 1 of those families who supported Britishers.

你必须来自那些支持英国人的家庭之一。

Stranger
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:54 pm
its investment will really pay in another 2 decades when islamists will hijack our system by jacking up another 5 -10 of population share.

如果伊斯兰教徒通过再次抬高人口5-10的份额来劫持我们的系统，那么它的投资将在二十年后真正付出。

Mahender Goriganti
Nov 10, 2017 at 7:33 pm
Not really. Indian Rs was equal to Dollar in 1947 was ahead of China. Everything changed due to SCAMgress and the worng path taken by SCAMgress and a drag on India for a generation. .

不是真的。 1947年印度卢比等于美元，领先于中国。 由于SCAMgress和SCAMgress采取的蠕虫路径以及一代人对印度的拖累，一切都发生了变化。。

Onkar Singh
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:55 pm
Scambhakts like Adanis and Ambanis, Shaurya Doval,Jay Shah, is the new b of looters, let's include Amitabh Bachan too,who is unfortunately the country's b Ambassador. By joining BJP from a scamster you become a Nationalist: Mukul Roy of Trinamool 

像Adanis和Ambanis，Shaurya Doval，Jay Shah这样的Scambhak是新的抢劫者，让我们包括Amitabh Bachan也是，不幸的是这个国家的大使。 通过加入BJP，您可以成为国民党人：Trinamool的Mukul Roy

Thrinethran T
Nov 10, 2017 at 6:22 pm
What the author terms right-wing religious vigilantism sprouted after Gandhi's opportunistic equivocation of the plight of thousands of hapless victims of the Moplah riot atrocities , ( the scale and intensity of which he glossed over ), with the injured religious feelings and penal suffering of the perpetrators. It would seem that Gandhi expected unilateral pacifism from the passive disparate majority, suffering and self-sacrifice akin to that of the early Christians of Apostolic times, before they developed strategic cunning and violence. Nehruvian India adopted the policy in right earnest under the garb of secularism: So did the Marxists. Which is why nobody dared debate a Mirpur (POK) or a Marichjhapi. The Left Wing could only be liberal- democratic- secular and the Right Wing had to be of the majority alone, always " communal " and prone to violence! Will you recognise at least that there are violent elements in Right Wing and Left Wing , majority and minority, for once?

作者所说的右翼宗教警惕主义是在甘地机会主义地诬蔑莫拉底暴动事件的数千名不幸牺牲者的困境之后萌发的（他掩饰的规模和强度），以及受伤的宗教感情和刑罚肇事者。看来，甘地希望单方面的和平主义来自被动的不相称的多数人，在他们制定战略狡诈和暴力之前，痛苦和自我牺牲就像早期的使徒时期的基督徒那样。尼赫鲁维亚印度在世俗主义的外衣下正确地采取了这个政策：马克思主义者也是如此。这就是为什么没人敢争论Mirpur（POK）或Marichjhapi。左派只能是自由民主世俗的，右派必须是多数派的独裁者，永远是“共同的”，而且容易暴力！你是否会承认，至少在右翼和左翼有多数和少数的暴力分子呢？

Bihari Krishna
Nov 10, 2017 at 5:33 pm
India's problem is much more deep-seated it is the lack of fit between the Westminster system of democracy that it imported seven decades ago and the feudalistic order that has always been part of being "Indian" denoted by extreme economic stratification based on the ever resilient Hindu caste system that discriminates against a vast section of the Indian populace socially, economically and politically, and irrespective of what is written in India's Cons ution, continues to effectively deny these people of "low birth" opportunities for any advancement in life. India's Westminster model simply uses them as "vote bank", leaving them largely unemployed or under employed most of the time. Unless there is fundamental redefinition to its democratic polity, India, despite its theoretical potentialities for growth, will continue to remain backward in relative and absolute terms. That is why India's economy stagnates at $2 trillion, compared to China's $11 trillion with poverty banishd.

印度的问题更深层次，就是它在七十年前进口的威斯敏斯特民主制度和以“弹性”为基础的极端经济分层所表明的“印度”一直以来的封建主义秩序印度的种姓制度在社会，经济和政治上歧视了印度的大部分民众，不管印度的情况如何，印度的种姓制度继续有效地否认这些人有“低生育”机会，无法取得任何进步。印度的威斯敏斯特模式简单地将它们用作“投票银行”，大部分时间大部分人失业或就业不足。除非对其民主政体进行根本性的重新定义，否则印度尽管具有理论上的增长潜力，在相对和绝对的情况下仍将继续落后。这就是为什么印度的经济停滞在2万亿美元，而中国的11万亿美元与贫穷的消除。

Hindu
Nov 10, 2017 at 5:07 pm
secularism , freedom of speech , cultural openness ..... these were originally there for thousands of years . need not be enforce them from top down . Yes , became absent for few centuries due to islamic ideas .

世俗主义，言论自由，文化开放......这些原本就有几千年的历史。 不必从上到下强制执行。 是的，由于伊斯兰教的想法，几个世纪以来就缺席了。

Raman Govindan
Nov 10, 2017 at 4:54 pm
"Conversely, India’s early investment in secularism, cultural openness, freedom of speech, which did make the early years difficult for economic growth, is now in a position to pay off." none invested! they are the traditional traits of the major community i.e the Hindus! many take credit for it without moving little finger! does a cow eat meat!

“相反，印度在世俗主义，文化开放，言论自由方面的早期投资，使早年难以实现经济增长，现在可以得到回报。” 没有投资！ 他们是主要社区的传统特征，即印度教徒！ 很多人都认为它没有移动小指！ 牛吃肉了吗

Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Nov 10, 2017 at 3:59 pm
IS IT REALLY SMALL ? "There is a small probability that this group, by its own insecurity and viral hatred of the other, will cause India to stall and stagnate. "

它真的很小？ “这个小组由于自己的不安全和对另一个人的病毒性仇恨，很可能会导致印度停滞不前。

Anuradha Kalhan
Nov 10, 2017 at 3:29 pm
It would be nice if our intellectual s at home and abroad stop equating the Emergency of 1975 with what is being called rule by 2 1/2 men today. There is a significant amount of difference. Mrs Gandhi was fighting the right wing within and outside the Congress. No other politician had till 1969 had the courage to nationalise banks , insurance , bring in an act to control monopoly or abolish the privy purse . The forces that coalesced against her thereafter were Jan sangh ( ancestry of bjp) , swatantra party consisting of ex Raja's and money bags the notorious so called socialists of India etc. Today the right wing rules . There is a difference and it must be studied.

如果我们国内外的知识分子不再把1975年的紧急状态和今天所谓的2·2·1人的统治等同起来，那就好了。 有很大的差异。 甘地夫人正在与国会内外的右派进行斗争。 直到1969年，没有其他政治家有勇气将银行国有化，保险，引入控制垄断或取消钱包的行为。 此后与她并肩作战的势力是简·桑（Jan sangh），由拉贾氏（raja's）和钱袋子组成的斯瓦坦特（swatantra）党，印度臭名昭着的所谓社会主义者等等。 有一个区别，它必须研究。

Hopeful
Nov 10, 2017 at 5:25 pm
Yes, the rule by 2 1/2 is the most alarming. Consider the severity of the situation when this small group itself is controlled by few business group!! How did matters precipitate to this extent ? To understand this we have to go back. We can see that all successive governments are working for this group/s. Also the previous regime was totally helpless due to fringe parties like NCP who master minded the remaining 50 of governance. But NCP leader was crowned by present ruling class with Padma Vibushan, the darkest moment in India's recent history. No one with some respect left for this country can understand that

是的，2点半的规则是最令人震惊的。 考虑到这个小集团本身是由少数企业集团控制的情况下的严重性！ 事情如何在这个程度上沉淀？ 要了解这一点，我们必须回去。 我们可以看到，历届政府都在为这个团队工作。 另外，前政权完全无能为力，因为像NCP这样的边缘党派掌握了剩下的50个治理。 但是NCP的领导人被当前的统治阶级与印度近代历史上最黑暗的时刻Padma Vibushan加冕。 没有人对这个国家留下一些尊重可以理解的

Kalit
Nov 10, 2017 at 5:56 pm
You really do urgently need some psychological counselling for the nonsense you spew, dearie, but you could easily also get appointed as distinguished Professor at that madrassa called JNU! But please get the shock therapy first!

你真的迫切需要一些心理疏导，你可以很容易地被任命为名为JNU的madrassa的杰出教授！ 但请先获得休克疗法！

Kamal Pasha
Nov 10, 2017 at 1:58 pm
Whatever you write or whatever you comment, China is the biggest economy and world leader and power in the world today.

不管你写什么，不管你怎么评论，中国是当今世界上最大的经济和世界领导者和权力。

Contrarian
Nov 10, 2017 at 1:35 pm
It was the free thinking, liberal and socialist leadership that managed an average of 3 GDP growth for decades but were able to hide their failures by calling it the 'Hindu' rate of growth. They have not only lost power but also credibility. Hence, these attempts to somehow push for their social agenda at the expense of the Hindu nation by forecasting economic stagnation.

自由思想，自由主义和社会主义领导层几十年来平均经历了三次国内生产总值增长，却能够将其失败隐藏起来，称之为“印度教”增长率。 他们不仅失去了权力，而且还失去了信誉。 因此，这些企图通过预测经济停滞而以牺牲印度教国家为代价推动其社会议程。

John Len
Nov 10, 2017 at 4:47 pm
hindu rate of growth? lol kautilya is that you? i really enjoyed that arthshastra you wrote. this happens when bloody gawaars are trying to be economists

印度教的增长率？ 大声笑kautilya是你吗？ 我真的很喜欢你写的这个arthshastra。 当血腥的恶狗试图成为经济学家时，就会发生这种情况

Anuradha Kalhan
Nov 10, 2017 at 1:26 pm
It is indeed charming to see the I Believe in liberal democracy bit in Mr Basu . Perhaps he hasn't noticed that almost fascist like forces are ruling India now . That their shakhas are in thousands across India and membership is in millions and growing. Their ideas are borderline insane yet a third of Indians voted for them in 2014 ! It was these forces that pushed Indira Gandhi to impose emergency. One would urge the lovers of India to know it better . That democracy, secularism and liberty means nothing to majority in here in our motherland.

在巴苏先生看到我相信自由民主的确是有魅力的。 也许他还没有注意到现在几乎是法西斯力量统治着印度。 他们的沙克在印度有数千人，会员人数在数百万，而且还在增长。 他们的想法是疯狂的，但在2014年，印度人有三分之一的投票给他们！ 正是这些力量推动了英迪拉·甘地实施紧急状态。 人们会敦促印度的爱好者更好地了解它。 在我们祖国这里，民主，世俗主义和自由对于多数人毫无意义。

Hopeful
Nov 10, 2017 at 2:06 pm
Also can we ignore the unholy alliance of Congress with reliance empire has created the breeding ground for religious extremism and financial terrorism? This coupled with insatiable hunger for power on both sides might be another reason for such a state of affairs. Probably Indian Express and Arun Shourie's intentions were right at that time when VP Singh got hosted but our society was not mature to see through the designs of religious leaders(off-late unfortunately from all religions). The impact is complete when financial empires started capturing everything first thru UPA regimes and now thru the present dispensation inflicting unfathomable damage to the economical fabric of the nation. Will IE and Arun Shourie intervene to rectify ?

我们是否也可以无视国会的邪恶联盟，依靠帝国为宗教极端主义和金融恐怖主义制造了温床？ 再加上对双方贪得无厌的权力可能是这种事态的另一个原因。 可能印度快报和阿伦·舒里的意图是正确的，当时辛格副主席主持，但我们的社会还不成熟，通过宗教领袖的设计（不幸的是来自所有的宗教）。 当金融帝国首先通过UPA制度开始捕获所有东西，现在通过目前的这种形式对国家的经济结构造成深不可测的损害时，影响就完成了。 IE和Arun Shourie会介入纠正？

Milind
Nov 10, 2017 at 2:13 pm
Can you please elaborate what is true meaning of democracy, secularism and liberty.

请您详细说明民主，世俗主义和自由的真正意义。

Govindan,B
Nov 10, 2017 at 12:38 pm
The article and the many comments show why we have been enslaved in the past by invaders and exploited mercilessly.

文章和许多评论显示了为什么我们被侵略者过去奴役和无情地剥削。

Anuradha Kalhan
Nov 10, 2017 at 3:31 pm
Our friend Govindan is still enslaved ...

我们的朋友Govindan仍然受奴役

Hopeful
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:51 am
Along with conclusion last paragraph of the article, I think we also need to consider the impact of economic terrorism unleashed by successive governments. It is more pronounced in case of the current and previous rulers at the Center and well adopted by many State Governments. What is more worrying the tendency of the corporate to reign in all policy decisions, in fact when it comes to natural resources handful of them own it and our political masters are mere spectators. Reversing this will be not be that easy, its roots are well developed and already grown much deep. The space for economic recovery is much limited when natural resources combined with capital is controlled by selected hands. Equally disturbing is the control on media , especially on the visual medium and absence of debate on key economical decisions both in public for and in Parliament. Even opposition parties including Left are complicit in this as they 'look up' for their share

随着文章最后一段的结论，我认为我们也需要考虑历届政府发起的经济恐怖主义的影响。 中央现任和前任统治者的情况更为突出，许多国家政府也采用这种做法。 更令人担忧的是，企业在所有政策决策中的倾向，事实上，在自然资源方面，其中一小部分拥有它，而我们的政治大师只是旁观者。 扭转这一点不会那么容易，它的根源已经发展得很好，而且已经长得很深了。 当自然资源与资本结合时，经济复苏的空间是非常有限的。 同样令人不安的是对媒体的控制，特别是在视觉媒体上，对公共和议会上的关键经济决策都没有辩论。 甚至包括“左派”在内的反对党也会因为“抬头”而分心

Kalit
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:47 am
Seems influenced by Rahul Gandhi's sly confidence to the US ambassador that Hindu terrorism is the greatest danger to India (and perhaps the world)! Shouting about one's past greatness is hardly a Hindu monopoly and unlikely to cause national collapse. As for vigilantism, this lazy expression of prejudice does no credit to someone who held high office though also presiding over India's economic catastrophe as chief economic adviser to GoI. There is surely a handful of vigilantism and regrettable, but it has always been there and only being reported assiduously to embarrass a government some really don't like! No mention of the numbers of Hindu activists murdered across India, not least Kerala and the Punjab and the egregious violence against peasants and political rivals by the communists he evidently admires. His stuff on the brutally dictatorial X-Jinping is shameful and weak criticism of Mao quite shocking. He should read Frank Dikotter's to get a real measure of the man's villiany!

似乎受拉胡尔·甘地对美国大使的狡猾信心的影响，认为印度恐怖主义是印度（也许是世界）的最大危险！呼喊过去的伟大，几乎不是印度教的垄断，也不可能造成全国崩溃。至于警惕主义，这种懒惰的偏见，对于担任高官的人来说也不起任何作用，虽然他也担任印度经济大灾难的首席经济顾问。当然有一些警惕和遗憾，但一直在那里，只是为了让一些真正不喜欢的政府尴尬地报道而已！没有提到在印度各地遇害的印度教积极分子人数，特别是喀拉拉邦和旁遮普邦，以及他显然钦佩的共产主义者对农民和政治对手的极端暴力。他对粗暴独裁的X-Jinping的东西是对毛的可耻和薄弱的批评，颇令人震惊。他应该读弗兰克•迪克特（Frank Dikotter）的作品，才能真正衡量这个男人的绒毛！

M.L.Gupta
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:14 am
Just as I had visualised, this article fits exactly the Evangelist agenda of America for which the Department of State has made a grant of US$ 500,000 to engage NGO, journalists, civil society, lawyers, judges, enforcement agencies who will attack Narendra Modi in the name of religiously motivated violence by the Hindu community which resists Evangelist of America to do their business. The target is to destabilise the Modi government, sabotage the Gujarat election (Modi's home state) which will impact General Election 2019 and sabotage the general election, so that the UPA kind weak and corrupt government can again be installed in India. Are the people watching?

就像我已经想象的那样，这篇文章恰好符合美国的福音传教士议程，国务院已经为此向美国非政府组织，新闻工作者，民间社会，律师，法官，执法机构提供了50万美元的援助，他们将攻击纳伦德拉·莫迪 印度教社区反对美国传教士的宗教动机的暴力的名称做他们的事务。 目标是破坏莫迪政府，破坏将影响2019年大选的古吉拉特邦选举（Modi的本国），破坏大选，使印度可以再次安装UPA类软弱腐败的政府。 人们在看吗？

RANA
Nov 10, 2017 at 10:58 am
Hindu nationalist group will stall and stagnate indian economy as they will force close all beef slaughter house and puncture repair shop which are the backbone of indian economy.

印度教民族主义团体将停止印度经济的停滞，因为他们将强行关闭所有牛屠宰场和爆胎修理店，这是印度经济的中坚力量。

Mohan Ptasad Sati
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:22 am
beef shop and puncture repair shop are back bone of economy? Kuchh bhi.

牛肉店和爆胎修理店是经济的骨干吗？ Kuch bhi。

JD
Nov 10, 2017 at 10:08 am
The problem with these left nehruvian elites is that they are so disconnected with the soul of India. India was always secular society with the highest amount of religious and thought freedom, not only tolerance but genuine respect for each other.

这些离开nehruvian的精英的问题在于，他们与印度的灵魂如此分离。 印度一直是宗教和思想自由度最高的世俗社会，不仅宽容而且相互尊重。

Aniruddha Kulkarni
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:26 am
All you really want to do is to complain about Modi, BJP, RSS and all Hindus. Why dont you just do it directly? Why take cover behind democracy and cultural openness? Secularism is becoming so potent that people like you use it whenever you feel a cold in your spines.

你真正想要做的就是抱怨莫迪，BJP，RSS和所有的印度教徒。 你为什么不直接做？ 为什么掩盖民主和文化的开放？ 世俗主义正在变得如此强大，以至于当你感到感冒时，像你这样的人使用它。

M MD
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:16 am
TRUE EMERGENCY WAS THE WORST PERIOD IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY. BUT NOW WE SEE UNDECLARED EMERGENCY. GOVT., AGENCIES ARE USED SELECTIVELY TO SILENCE OPPOSITION, DURING EMERGENCY RIGHT OF EXPRESSION WAS CURTAILED BUT NOW POOR AND MIDDLEINCOME GROUP STRUGGLE TO MAKE BOTH ENDS MEET

真正的紧急情况是印度民主社会最严重的一个时期。 但现在我们看到了非常紧急的紧急情况。 GOVT。，机构被选择性地用于沉默反对，在表达紧急权的情况下被削减了，但现在的贫穷和中等群体的争吵使双方满足

V. Ramaswami
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:52 am
Much as the values mentioned by Mr. Basu are great assets, democracy in India, and particularly at the state level, has shown its inherent major weaknesses: Power being wrested away from the educated elite into the hands of the uneducated majority leading to poor decisions. Making the creation of a corrupt culture and mutual acceptance of that by opposing parties in the rush of its members for quick personal wealth by the same illegal means. Mindless doles taking away individual work ethic. Significant erosion of education in terms of curricula and standards in the name of upholding local "culture" and values. Compromise of merit across the board accommodating mediocrity in exchange for a vote bank, etc. I wish I could be as hopeful as Mr. Basu, but must consider that India has an uncertain future until such time these are turned around.

就像巴苏先生提到的价值观是伟大的资产一样，印度的民主，特别是国家一级的民主也显示出其固有的主要弱点：权力被从受过教育的精英手中夺走到未受教育的多数人手中，。 创造一个腐败的文化，并以相同的非法手段，通过反对党的匆忙成员的快速个人财富来相互接受。 无意义的小偷剥夺了个人的职业道德。 以坚持本土“文化”和价值为名，在课程和标准上大幅度削弱教育。 我们希望我能像巴苏先生一样充满希望，但是必须考虑到印度有一个不确定的未来，直到这些问题得到解决。

H.Balakrishnan
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:43 am
" India’s early investment in secularism, cultural openness, freedom of speech, which made the early years difficult for economic growth, is now in a position to pay off ". Many years ago, when the Net was in its infancy, I remember reading an Opinion in an English National daily, written by a Syrian Christian writer. His conclusion - words to the effect : ' If democracy flourishes in India, we have to thank the One Crore Gods and Goddesses of the Hindu Pantheon'. He was echoing a Rig Veda verse which states : " Ekam sat Viprah, Bahuda Vadanti" - " The TRUTH is ONE, but Sages call it by different names ". So India DID NOT INVEST IN SECULARISM. It is the DNA of Sanatana Dharma. Period. I bet, if India had been Monotheistic, there would have been a Revolution by now, considering the problems bestting the Nation. And yet, it is the same Sanatana Dharma that is being dempobised, day in and day out, by the so-called 'Nehruvian Secularists' which gives oxygen to the 'Breaking India' Forces.

“印度在世俗主义，文化开放，言论自由方面的早期投资，使早年经济增长困难重重，现在可以得到回报”。许多年前，当网络还处于起步阶段时，我记得在一篇叙利亚基督教作家的英文国家日报里读到一个意见。他的结论 - 大意是说：“如果民主在印度蓬勃发展，我们不得不感谢印度教神殿的一千零一个神和女神。他回应了一个Rig Veda诗句：“Ekam坐Viprah，Bahuda Vadanti” - “真相是唯一的，但圣人称它为不同的名字”。所以印度不投资于SECULARISM。这是Sanatana Dharma的DNA。期。我敢打赌，如果印度是一神论的话，考虑到国家的问题，现在就会有一场革命。然而，所谓的“尼赫鲁主义的世俗主义者”日复一日地被剥夺了“印度分裂势力”的氧气。

Devji
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:29 am
Currently dominating classes (Castes) has been controlling Indian culture for Centuries. Looking at so called "Indian Culture" is stupid one, Unethical, inhuman and there is no concept of equality, freedom and fraternity in its true sens in Indian DNA and there is only Caste System that governs Indian culture. and So called Vedas belong to Tamil Culture and Tamil People ... Stolen by the Aryan-Brahmins.

目前主宰班级（卡斯特斯）一直在控制印度文化的世纪。 看所谓的“印度文化”是愚蠢的，不道德的，不人道的，在印度的DNA中没有真正的平等，自由和友爱的概念，只有统治印度文化的种姓制度。 所谓的吠陀属于泰米尔文化和泰米尔人民......被雅利安 - 婆罗门所盗走。


Abhilash Mehta
Nov 10, 2017 at 1:32 pm
At present time Tamil culture is defined by utterly corrupt and irresponsible jingoistic people. Only some Brahmins and Traders preserved Hinduism and Vedic scriptures.

目前泰米尔文化是由完全腐败的，不负责任的航空运动人士来界定的。 只有一些婆罗门和贸易商保存印度教和吠陀经文。

V. Ramaswami
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:41 am
Much as the values mentioned by Mr. Basu are great assets, democracy in India, and particularly at the state levels, has shown is inherent major weaknesses: power being wrested away from the educated elite into the hands of the majority uneducated leading to poor decision making the creation of a corrupt culture and mutual acceptance of that by opposing parties in the rush of its members for quick personal wealth mindless doles given away taking away individual work ethic significant erosion of education in terms of curricula and standards in the name of upholding local "culture" and values compromise of merit across the board accommodating mediocrity in exchange for a vote bank, etc. I wish I could be as hopeful as Mr. Basu, but must consider that we still have an uncertain future until such time these are turned around.

就像巴苏先生提到的价值观是伟大的资产一样，印度的民主，尤其是国家一级的民主，显示出固有的主要弱点：权力被从受过教育的精英手中夺走到大多数未受教育者的手中， 造成了腐败文化的形成和对方的冲动，在其成员的急速个人财富的情况下相互接受被剥夺了个人的职业道德在学校课程和标准方面的教育显着侵蚀以坚持本地 “文化”的价值观和价值观的全面优化妥协，以换取投票银行等方面的平庸。我希望我可以像巴苏先生一样充满希望，但是必须考虑到我们仍然有一个不确定的未来，直到这种转变 周围。

V. Ramaswami
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:44 am
IE has to get its filters cleaned up quickly. It seems to have taken away all the semi-colons in my post making it unreadable. They are still doing a mastectomy on all words containting a segment t i t too !
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IE必须快速清理过滤器。 它似乎已经拿走了我的帖子中的所有分号，使其不可读。 他们仍然在对所有含有细分的词汇进行乳房切除手术！

Mohan Ptasad Sati
Nov 10, 2017 at 12:24 pm
Mr. Ramaswami, In this age of information, education and information has spread like wildfire, Now the education is not the privilege of few elites. Now the things are changing upside down, The change is for good of the nation, Pseudo elites are falling on ground,

拉马斯瓦米先生，在这个信息时代，教育和信息如火如荼地蔓延开来，现在的教育不是少数精英的特权。 现在事情正在颠倒，变化是为了国家的利益，伪精英们正在倒地，

V. Ramaswami
Nov 10, 2017 at 7:26 pm
I am all for everyone to be educated and to become equal in sharing power, but education cannot be equated with certificates and degrees especially when these can be purchased or are doled out without maintaining high standards. Hope you got the point. The nexus of crime and politics speaks for itself.

我为大家教育，分享权力是平等的，但教育不能等同于证书和学位，特别是在不能保持高标准的情况下，购买这些证书和学位。 希望你明白了。 犯罪和政治的联系本身就说明了一切。'

BM
Nov 10, 2017 at 8:23 am
India is so far behind rest of the world is because of Nehruvian "secularism" (abusing Hindus), "Freedom of speech" (abusing Hindus), "Cultural openness" (imposition of Islamic value). No, thanks. Now under Modi, India has started getting out of Congress sewer.

印度远远落后于世界其他地方，是因为尼赫鲁主义的“世俗主义”（滥用Hindus），“言论自由”（滥用Hindus），“文化开放”（强加伊斯兰价值）。 不用了，谢谢。 现在在莫迪下，印度已经开始走出国会下水道。

Atul
Nov 10, 2017 at 9:14 am
Hindus especially the upper caste have prospered more than other by all indicators so what is this victimhood of the privileged ?

印度教徒特别是上层种姓比其他各种指标都繁荣得多，那么特权的受害者是什么呢？

V. Ramaswami
Nov 10, 2017 at 7:37 pm
They, particularly the upper castes, were willing to step out of the gurukula and go to schools to get the education that is needed to succeed in modern society. Reflect on that.

他们，特别是上层种姓，愿意走出古罗库拉，到学校去接受现代社会所需的教育。 反思一下。

Devji
Nov 10, 2017 at 11:36 am
Who is a Hindu? Arya Brahmin, faire skined Kshatriyas, Baniyas are Infact Hindus. All others are Indian with diverse cultre, SCs and STs are the sons of this soil. Aryans make around (supposing) 10-15 of Indian Population who stole our rich Tamil (dravidian) culture like Siddhars (Aryans made them as Gods with two or more wives (immoral stories)), Yogas, Dances (like Bharatnatya), Vedas (Writen by Tamil Siddhars) etc. Today hold Hindi a Persian language as Indian language etc... The "Hindus" are destroyed and Destroying our Indian Ethos.

谁是印度教徒？ Arya婆罗门，马屁精Karstriyas，巴尼亚斯Infact印度教徒。 所有其他人都是印度人，有不同的文化，SC和ST是这个土地的儿子。 雅利安人制造了（假设）10-15印度人口谁偷了我们丰富的泰米尔（dravidian）文化像悉达多（雅利安人把他们作为两个或两个以上的妻子（不道德的故事）神），瑜伽，舞蹈（如Bharatnatya），吠陀 由泰米尔Siddhars写）等现在持有印度语波斯语作为印度语等...“印度教”被摧毁和破坏我们的印度风气。