中国055型超级驱逐舰促美国及其盟友重新认识现实 [印度媒体]

China's Type 055 Super Destroyer Is A Reality Check For The US And Its Allies

中国055型超级驱逐舰促美国及其盟友重新认识现实

【日期】2017年6月28日

China's launched its first Type 055 destroyer today—the most advanced surface combatant Beijing has ever designed and fielded. Pictures of the visually striking ship whipped around the internet, with many people being surprised that China was producing such an impressive warship. The truth is, the Type 055 is the J-20 stealth fighter/interceptor of the high-seas, and it not only is a showcase of China's rapidly evolving surface warfare and weapons development capabilities, but also a sign of what Beijing's overall maritime strategy will be in the not so distant future.

今天中国下水了055型驱逐舰的首舰，这是迄今为止北京方面设计制造的最先进的水面战斗舰艇。关于055型驱逐舰的照片早就在网络上传播开来，人们非常诧异中国正在建造一艘如此先进的战舰。实际上，055型就是远海版的J20隐身战机，它不仅仅显示中国快速改进水面舰艇和发展武器装备的能力，更暗示着在不远的将来中国海军的整体战略会得以实现。

When it comes to the Chinese Navy, the Type 055 is very roughly analogous to something between the American Ticonderoga class cruiser a Zumwalt class destroyer, in that it has similar capabilities and size to the Ticonderoga class, but it also packs new technologies that will impact the future of Chinese surface combatant design like the Zumwalt class does. The ship's stealthy exterior and its enclosed sensor mast are situated in between the latest Arleigh Burke class destroyers and the Zumwalt class developmentally speaking.

对中国海军来说，055型大致相当于介于美国提康德罗加级巡洋舰和朱姆沃尔特级之间的战舰，它具有类似于提康德罗加级的尺寸和性能，同时集成了很多对未来中国水面战舰设计极具影响力的新技术——不亚于朱姆沃尔特（对美海军的影响力）。055型的隐身外形和封闭式传感器桅杆要优于最新型的阿利伯克级，弱于正在开发中的朱姆沃尔特级。

The Type 055 could just as easily be classified as a cruiser than as a destroyer. It's 590 feet long and displaces between 10,000 and 12,000 tons. That is 81 feet longer and up to nearly 2,500 tons greater than America's latest Arleigh Burke class destroyers, making it closer in size to the US Navy's Ticonderoga class cruisers than anything else. It also packs a Ticonderoga class's magazine size, with 128 vertical launch cells available. The Arleigh Burke class has 96. These cells will be stuffed with land attack (YJ-18), and anti-ship missiles (YJ-12), as well as anti-submarine rockets (CY series). Yet, just like America's Ticonderoga class cruisers, area air defense and slinging surface-to-air missiles will likely be this ship's overwhelming mission set and it's specially outfitted with a high-end sensor package that will exceed in this role.

相比于驱逐舰，055型更像是一艘巡洋舰。舰身长180米，排水量1万吨~1.2万吨。它比美国最新型的阿利伯克级驱逐舰长约25米，（比阿利伯克级）重约2500吨，尺寸更接近美海军提康德罗加级巡洋舰。同时它还拥有与提康德罗加级同级别的弹药库——128个垂直发射单元，而阿利伯克级是96个。这些单元可以安装对地攻击的“鹰击18（YJ-18）”，对舰攻击的“鹰击12（YJ-12）”和反潜作战的“长缨（CY）”系列导弹。然而，类似于提康德罗加级，它的主要使命更倾向于区域防空和发射舰空导弹，其装备的高精度传感器阵列使其胜任这一使命。

This new ship relies on a dual-band radar system similar in concept to the one that was supposed to be deployed on the DDG-1000 Zumwalt class and that is currently equipping the USS Gerald R. Ford. Two sets of active phased array radars, one being the larger S-band arrays on the vessel's super structure and the other being the smaller set of X-band arrays in the ship's enclosed sensor mast, equip the ship. The S-Band system is used for long range search and track, while the much more sensitive X-band system is used for tracking smaller, stealthier and high-speed objects with greater fidelity at lesser ranges. There are cross-over in capabilities between the two sensor arrays, which also adds to redundancy. No other ship in China's inventory possesses such a high-end radar system.

该舰依靠装备的双波段雷达系统（进行探测），类似于美海军的概念系统，该系统原计划装备DDG-1000朱姆沃尔特级驱逐舰，现正在装备福特号航母。舰上装备两套有源相控阵雷达，较大的S波段阵列位于舰艇的上层建筑，而较小的X波段阵列则位于舰艇的封闭式传感器桅杆。S波段系统主要用于长距离的搜索和跟踪，而灵敏度更高的X波段系统则用于在短距离内更精确的追踪更小更隐身的高速目标；两套阵列的性能存在重叠，增加了冗余。但如此高精度的雷达系统部署战舰在中国尚属首次。

The ship is likely to be primarily armed with a sea-going version of the HQ-9 long-range surface-to-air missile, as well as the HQ-16 medium-range SAM, and possibly quad-packed DK-10As. The DK-10A is based on the PL-12 air-to-air missile, and would act as a intermediate-range air defense missile roughly similar to the U.S. Navy's RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM). As time goes on, these ships will likely field other air defense missiles, like weapons capable of swatting down endoatmospheric hypersonic vehicles or China's own mid-course ballistic missile defense interceptors. These more exotic missiles could make good use of the ship's dual-band radar, advanced combat system, and plentiful VLS farm.

055型可能会装备海版的“HQ-9”远程舰空导弹，“HQ-16”中程SAM以及一箱四弹的“DK-10A”。DK-10A由PL-12中程空空导弹发展而来，主要用作中程防空导弹，大体类似于美海军RIM-162改进型海麻雀（ESSM）。将来，该型舰还可能会装备其他防空导弹，如具备拦截大气层内超音速目标能力的武器和中国版的中程弹道导弹拦截弹之类的武器。这些导弹将会充分发挥该舰双波段雷达，高级战斗系统和充足垂发系统的性能。

The ship's anti-submarine warfare capabilities will also surpass the capacity of other Chinese warships, including space for two helicopters (eventually likely ASW variants of the Z-18) in its rear hangar and an expanded flight deck size. The ship will also likely use towed and variable depth sonar for hunting submarines, and will have its own torpedoes and rocket assisted torpedoes to prosecute marauding underwater threats.

该舰拥有远超其他中国战舰的反潜作战能力，其后部机库可以停放两架直升机（ASW的变种Z-18），直升机甲板面积也更大。该舰还可能装备用于猎潜拖曳式变深声呐，同时还装备有鱼雷和火箭助飞鱼雷以应对来自水下的威胁。

A H/PJ-38 130mm main gun and a H/PJ-11 30mm close-in weapon system (CIWS) round out the ship's major armaments. It will also likely receive China's "FL-3000N" version of the RIM-116 rolling-airframe missile system mounted in a turreted canister on the rear of the ship's superstructure. This combined with the 30mm CIWS will give the big surface combatant a strong close-in defensive capability against sea-skimming missiles, low-flying aircraft, and small boats.

该舰的武备由一门H/PJ-38式130mm主炮和H/PJ-11式30mm近防系统（CIWS）组成。同时该舰上层建筑后方还会装备类似RIM-116滚体防空导弹系统的中国版——FL-3000N。滚体导弹系统和30mm近防系统在应对掠海飞行的导弹，低空飞行的飞机和小船时将会展现强大的近防能力。

These ships are rumored to be equipped with integrated electric powerplants, whereby the ship's turbines provide electricity to drive electric motors that then turn the ship's screws—a major advancement in Chinese warship design if confirmed. They also feature the latest in electronic warfare capabilities and the most advanced mission systems deployed by the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to date.

据传该舰将采用全燃联合驱动动力系统（COGAG），即用船用涡轮机发电来驱动电动机来转动螺旋桨。如消息属实，这将是中国战舰设计的一项重大进步。中国解放军海军还着重强调了该舰的电子战能力以及最先进的任务系统。



Regardless of the Type 055's multi-mission capabilities, these ships are being built to be the preeminent escort for the Chinese carrier battle group, acting in a similar role as the Ticonderoga class cruiser does today. This will include being the command and control hub for the battle group's anti-air warfare operations. In this role the Type 055 will fulfill something of a missing link within the People's Liberation Army Navy's order of battle, with the Type 052D destroyer being the most capable surface combatant before it—but one that is far more limited in capability and weapons capacity than the Type 055. 

尽管055型拥有完成多任务的能力，其主要的目的还是为中国航母战斗群提供有效的护航，就像提康德罗加级巡洋舰如今所扮演的角色一样。其作用包括作为战斗群防空作战的指挥控制中心而存在，此前此项任务由052D来完成，055的出现弥补了人民海军作战指令链接方面的缺失，055在性能和弹药容量方面要远超此前的052D。

With the PLAN slated to field a fleet of at least four aircraft carriers in the coming decade, the reason for building four of these ships at this time is clear. There will be at least one for each carrier battle group, and when the carriers are not sailing, these ships will be able to show the flag by themselves far from home, and bringing high-end multi-mission and command and control capabilities to smaller PLAN task forces. It is also likely that another four Type 055s will be built at some time following the initial batch, as China's aircraft carrier fleet expands.

随着人民海军计划在十年内服役一支至少拥有4艘航空母舰的舰队，建造055的目的不言而喻。每个航母战斗群至少需要一艘055型驱逐舰，当航母驻扎锚地时，055型驱逐舰也可以作为小型战斗群的旗舰而存在，它可以为舰队提供高精度多任务指挥控制能力。随着中国航母编队的发展，在最初的四艘舰完成以后中国可能会开工新的一个批次四艘的055型驱逐舰。

In the end, China's new Type 055 destroyers are another indication of the amazing strides the country has made in their attempt to reach some sort of parity in multiple domains of warfare with the U.S. and especially its regional allies. That's not to say these ships and their weapons are as capable as their American counterparts, because in many ways they are not. Even China's shipbuilding capabilities are rumored to be lacking, especially in terms of quality, when compared to their American counterparts. The level of integration between their ship's sensors and weapons, the reliability of their missiles—especially when countermeasures are present—and their missile's overall performance abilities remain a question mark as well.

中国新型055型驱逐舰的下水，表明了中国在试图某种程度上拥有等同于美海军战力方面取得了长足进步。这并非说人民海军的战舰和武器已经等同于美海军，实际上在很多方面两者相去甚远，甚至据传中国的造舰能力与美国同行相比在质量方面的问题尤为突出。人民海军战舰传感器和武器的整合能力，导弹的可靠性（尤其是现在）以及导弹的整体表现方面也都存在某种问题。

But that's not really the point. The point is that China is preparing for a future of major naval power projection, with this vessel class sailing closely alongside their aircraft carriers—two of which are built. Together they are the most visible centerpieces of a much more aggressive and farther reaching naval strategy. This may not leave the US Navy shaking in its boots, but when it comes to regional powers such as India and Japan, that is a different story. These ships and the carriers they will support will likely end up having a persistent presence in the South China Sea, Taiwan Strait, Indian Ocean, and East China Sea—all places where tensions are high and territorial issues are top of mind.

但是这些都不是重点，重点在于中国正在为它的未来海军主要力量做准备，055型驱逐舰和航空母舰组成的战斗群（两者均已生产）。二者是中国未来更具威胁性海军战略的核心。美海军当然不会惧怕这种情况，但是当055与航母的组合面对的是类似于日本，印度之类的区域性力量时，情况就完全不同了。055型驱逐舰与航母的组合将会是在中国南海，台湾海峡，东海以及印度洋中难以撼动的存在，而上述区域均是存在领土争端的高热地区。



The Type 055 is also another signal that China can no longer be viewed as a potential adversary living in a perpetual "catch-up mode" technologically speaking. The Chinese are increasingly doing things their own way and even tacking big independent technological risks, such as incorporating a dual-band radar into a picket ship before the US does. So the Chinese military, and the industry that supports it, still be copycats when it comes to defense concepts, but increasingly less so in terms of discreet hardware and integrated weapons systems themselves.

055型驱逐舰同时还有另一层含义：中国不能再被看作技术上不停追赶的潜在对手了。中国人不停的用自己的方式做事，甚至为此承受巨大的风险，比如在美国之前将双波段雷达整合在一艘战舰上。

As time goes on, this change will leave the US and its allies reacting to Chinese military developments more than in the past. And China's weapons developments, which were largely based on questionable facsimiles of US or Russian systems in the past, are now becoming far less predictable and as a result are more concerning.

随着时间的推移，这种改变相较于过去更加需要美国及其盟友面对中国军事增长的现实。中国武器的发展原来基本上是对美制或俄制武器有问题的复制，而现在其发展已经变得越来越难以预测，其结果也越来越令人担忧。


toecutter
Well, I'd like to see how well it fares tangling with a MK1 Stealth Container Ship.I heard they can sneak right up on you.

想看看它跟MK1 Stealth Container Ship交火会怎么样？听说他们可以潜行到你眼皮底下。——MK1 Stealth Container Ship是艘什么船啊？有了解舰船知识的小伙伴告诉下。

AerialImaging
Awwwww........



Raging-Bulldog
The PLAN sooooo progressive!

PLA海军这么先进啊！

Zman-Barzell
the ship has been named "CREME OF SUM YUNG GAI "

这艘船叫做“精*液*号”
（知道"CREME OF SUM YUNG GAI "这种肯定不是什么好词，但是查了一下真的叫白皮猪恶心到了）

The War Zone
This is a wonderful thread! Thank you to all who are participating.  
    
非常棒的主线，谢谢大家的参与。

A couple other things I left out—apparently this VLS system will accommodate larger rounds than US versions, even the Mark 57. I believe it is a cold launch system, or has the ability to do both. This could mean some big missiles with very long-long range could equip the ship in the future. The Chinese are likely working on 3rd party targeting/cooperative engagement capability like the US. As such this ship can act as a remote magazine for long-range  anti-air and surface to ground missiles. Would help J-20 and J-31 with limited magazine depth. Even J-15 could benefit which can have their launch weight penalized due to non assisted takeoff.

有几点需要补充：这个VLS系统的弹容量要比美国版的大，比Mark 57还要大。我认为它采用冷发射系统，或者双发射系统。因此在未来很可能装备超远程导弹。中国人很可能拥有与美国类似的三方目标/协同作战的能力，这艘船也可以用作远程防空和舰对地攻击。用有限导弹辅助J-20，J-31，甚至因为非弹射起飞而载弹不足的J-15也可以获益。

AerialImagingLeaderThe War Zone2d
Your articles on China seem to stir things up. Any guesses on how many hulls this class will end up being?

你的文章看起来在搅屎啊，这一级造几艘？

JS DreyerLeaderAerialImaging2d
I thought the article said four hulls for this class.

文章里说四艘

AerialImagingLeaderJS Dreyer2d
Yes... four hulls being constructed concurrently in two shipyards. I was hoping for a guess on the total run.

是啊，现在在两家造船厂开工了四艘，我想问总共造几艘？

Bhess
It's a concern yes but unlike Russia, China has a real stake in smooth relations with the US and the West. I just can't see an even somewhat rational Chinese leader wanting to start a shooting war in their region or with the US. The way the trade balance is right now China is doing well so how is it in their interest to mess that up. We just have to be firm with them and set boundries like with NK. NK now is a stone around their neck but they don't want to deal with it for the most part. 

确实令人担忧，但是与俄罗斯不同，中国非常坚定同美国和西方搞好关系。只要是有理智的中国领导人就不会在区域内开战或是跟美国交战。现在中国的贸易平衡这么好，他们有什么理由搞烂它。我们需要坚定的与他们站在一起，跟北朝鲜划清界限。北朝鲜确实中国的难题，但是多说时候他们并不想理朝鲜。

I still think the Russian Far East is an easier target for China. Chinese are migrating to the RFE at a recent rate of 800k-1m a year. There are only 6 mil white Russians in the RFE. China may end up getting the RFE without a shot being fired just through

我始终认为俄罗斯远东对中国来说是更简单的目标。中国人每年向俄罗斯远东地区移民80到100万人。而远东地区只有6百万白（皮）俄罗斯人。中国可能一枪不放就能得到俄罗斯远东地区。

JS DreyerLeaderBhess2d
You may have been in the jungle for the past several years and missed all of the developments occurring in the South China Sea.  Welcome home.

你可能过去几年都待在荒郊野外，不知道现在南海发生了啥。欢迎回家。

Shorter China: Fuck UNCLOS, SC Sea is ours.

中国小矬子： 去TMD  UNCLOS(联合国海洋法公约)，南海是我们的。
http://time.com/4785577/south-china-sea-us-china-control/

GodzillaJS Dreyer1d
F*ck UNCLOS? isn't that patented by the US?

去TMD UNCLOS? 那不是跟我们美国一样？

LowlifeJS Dreyer1d
The US f*cked UNCLOS first

我们美国起的头.....

Quattro BajeenaLeader2d
The Chinese are building four of these ships simultaneously. Two ships are built per naval yard,  on two yards. The second Type 055 should be launched from this same same naval yard late this year. Initially it was said that at least 8 ships of this class were ordered. Right now the rumors say 12 ships have been ordered. They still continue to build the smaller Type 052Ds in what seems will be a high-low 055/052D combo.

中国同时开工了四艘055，两家船厂各两艘。第二艘055应该今年年末以前在现在的船厂下水。一开始据说下了至少8艘055的订单，现在说是12艘。052D仍然继续生产，形成055/052D的高低搭配。

The propulsion system on these ships is not electric. The Chinese naval leadership themselves have said so. It uses a similar propulsion system to the 052D but with twice the power. It does not have enough electric power generation for a high power railgun or laser even if that weapon was available. While there are rumors a future version based on this ship might include such a propulsion type I think that is highly unlikely without a major redesign.

055的推进系统不是电力，这是中国海军领导自己说的。055应该使用跟052D类似的推进系统，但是马力翻番。055并没有足够的电力提供给高耗能的轨道炮或激光。有小道消息说可能基于055的未来版本可能采用这种推进系统，但是我觉得要实现这一目标055需要大改。

The Chinese basically launched all the ship types they were rumored to be designing so far, with the exception of the Type 075 LHD. Their Type 002 CATOBAR conventionally powered carrier, submersible arsenal ship, and next generation submarines are rumored to be in the design stage. The Chinese recently finished constructing a new high capacity submarine construction facility so I would not be surprised if we saw their new nuclear new submarines over the next two years. However their nuclear submarine program is a lot more secretive so do not expect a public fancy parade on the launch like what was done here.

中国传言中设计的舰艇基本上都下水了，除了075LHD。他们的002型弹射起飞的常规动力航母，高速半潜船以及下一代潜艇据传都在设计阶段。中国人最近完成了潜艇建造工厂的扩容工作。所以如果未来两年他们下水了新型核潜艇，我一点也不吃惊。但是他们核潜艇保密程度很高，不要期待潜艇完工时有什么公开展示。

RingostarQuattro Bajeena1d
well, the Chinese already confirmed that they're building type 075 LHD, though I'm not sure what type they will assign to the ship.

其实中国人已经确认了他们正在建设075LHD，不知道他们给这艘船配什么型号

amblin831d
The US navy is still the most intimidating force by a long margin. BUT, this one can still potentially become a huge threat because the PLA weapons development projects , in recent years has shown much greater  ability in tackling things their own way. Just like they did copying in the past if not better.

美国海军在相当长的时间里仍旧会是最强大的力量。但是055变成巨大的潜在威胁，最近几年来PLA的武器发展计划以其独特的方式展现巨大实力。就像在过去，如果不行，他们就直接复制。

you can't call it a copycat when the thing it supposedly copied is no where to be found, can you?

当你认为被拷贝的东西还没出来的时候就不能叫人家复制者了，是吧？

Bruce EdwardsContributor2d
Is anyone else gettting a pre-World War 1 battleship race vibe from this, with the US as England and China as Germany?

有没有1战前造舰竞赛的感觉，美国相当于英国，中国相当于德国？

Amusingly the displacement of some of these 'Destroyers' is approaching that of the early Dreadnoughts.

而这些“驱逐舰”的下水相当于无畏舰

AK79LeaderBruce Edwards2dEdited
Yes, there seems to be a general 1905-1913 kind of feeling to many aspects of world and military affairs these days.

是啊，最近军事和世界上的很多方面都像是1905-1913年的情况。

Brian WrightLeaderAK791d
Damnit...I was hoping I was the only one with this feeling.  Please please don't anyone go and assassinate the Crimean/Ukranian PM.

艹....我还以为我是唯一个有这种感觉的人呢，千万别有人去刺杀克里米亚或者乌克兰的总理。

Furbačoto PollonLeaderBrian Wright14h
Angela Merkel ... !!!!!! Dude, shes progressive enough!

安格拉 默克尔....！！！兄弟，有她就够了！

Evan AdamsLeader1d
the true revolution is the exuberant display of the newest countermeasure: rainbow chaff.  It is a newly proven deterrent vs our powerful pixie kick and unicorn punch

知道真正有效的对策是啥嘛：彩虹糖；最新的证据表明这才是对付小精灵和独角兽的有力措施。

Sons of LibertySeaDog831d
Have you watched Or studied China? They have modernizes their economy faster tahn any nation in history and are taking over as the wirlds largest economy. If anything the US has the more limited capabilities. China has the ability to stand up whats needed in deepth. We are limited by a smaller more expensive work force and lack of large scale maritime industry.

你观察过中国或者在中国学习过吗？他们比历史上任何国家更快的现代化他们的经济，他们正在变成世界上最大的经济体。任何事在美国会（比在中国）有更多的限制。中国现在有能力做任何他们需要做的事。我们受限高昂的人力成本和大范围造船工业的缺失。
this is not the US of the 1940-50s.
现在已经不是美国上世纪40~50年代了

T.I.Leader2d
Damn, they've built this ship already? They are not even done fulfilling orders for the Type-052D.
These guys are growing their Navy fast.

他们已经造完这艘船？他们还没完成052D的所有订单呢
他们的海军增长真快

JS DreyerLeaderT.I.2d
Unlike us, they don't spread their production across 48 provinces to keep their senators elected.

不像我们，他们不需要把他们的产品传遍48个省以保证他们的议员当选。