印度穆斯林妇女要求废除即刻离婚法 [英国媒体]

‘If a man can do it, why can't I?’: turningthe tables on India's instant divorce law

“男人能这么做，我为什么不能？”对印度的即刻离婚法说不

As India debates the validity of a lawallowing men to divorce by uttering three words, one woman is blazing a trailby using the practice against her husband

当印度各界正在争论允许男人说出三个词语就能离婚的法律是否有效时，第一次，有一名妇女对自己的丈夫使用了这条法律。


 
Amreen Begum: ‘If a man can divorce hiswife that way, why can’t a woman?’ Photograph: Amrit Dhillon

阿姆丽恩·柏古姆：“如果一个男人可以这样跟他的妻子离婚，女人为什么不能这么做？”摄影：阿姆利特·迪伦

As dusk was falling, Amreen Begum’s husbandbundled her into his auto-rickshaw together with their two young children. Hedumped them beside some wheat fields outside Meerut, a city 70km north-east ofIndia’s capital, New Delhi.

黄昏降临的时候，阿姆丽恩·柏古姆的丈夫把她和他们的两个幼子塞入一辆三轮车。他把老婆孩子遗弃在密拉特郊区的麦田旁。密拉特位于印度首都新德里东北方向，距离约70公里。

“He didn’t even bother going the extra 2kmup to my parents’ home,” says Begum.

“他甚至懒得多走两公里把我送回娘家，”柏古姆说。

She knew it was only a matter of timebefore her husband called or texted her to utter the words “talaq,talaq, talaq”, the instant and unilateral divorce available only to Muslimmen.

她知道她丈夫最终对她说出或者写下“塔拉克，塔拉克，塔拉克（离婚，离婚，离婚）”只是个时间问题，穆斯林男人只要这么做以后就能立刻单方面离婚。

Rather than wait for her life to be left intatters, Begum, 25, did the unthinkable. Last week, after reporting her husbandfor domestic violence, she stood outside Meerut police station in Uttar Pradeshstate and shouted the phrase herself, along with his name.

与其在一团糟的生活中等待，25岁的柏古姆做出了一个令人不敢想像的决定。上周，在控告她丈夫的家暴罪行后，她在北方邦的密拉特警察局门外大声喊出了那三个词语，还有她丈夫的名字。

Begum is believed to be the first woman inIndia to have used the triple talaq to divorce her husband. In the process, shehas opened a new front in the campaign to end the practice, which is allowed in India under Islamiclaw.

据信，柏古姆是印度第一名对丈夫使用三塔拉克离婚法的女人。这样，在对这条可以在印度使用的伊斯兰法律的抗争中，她开辟了一条新的战线。

“I have divorced him. If a man can divorcehis wife that way, why can’t a woman? Don’t I have the same right? Am I lesshuman than he is?” she says.

“我跟他离婚了。如果一个男人可以这样跟她妻子离婚，女人为什么不可以？我没有同样的权利吗？我跟他比就不算人吗？”她说。

Over the past few years, Muslim women havebeen agitating against the triple talaq, the sharia law that allows men todivorce their wives – frequently leaving them destitute – with a simplestatement.

在过去的几年，穆斯林妇女一直在反抗三塔拉克法，这条法律来自沙利亚法，允许穆斯林男人仅仅通过口头方式便可以跟妻子离婚——通常会置妻子陷于贫困境地之中而不顾。

Often the woman is not even present whenher husband utters the words; emails, texts and Facebook are, increasingly, thepreferred mediums. The practice is banned in many Muslim countries butcontinues in India, home to the world’ssecond-largest Muslim population.

在践行这条法律时，女人甚至不需要出现——穆斯林丈夫们现在越来越喜欢使用电子邮件、短信和Facebook来写出那三个词。在一些穆斯林国家，这条法律被禁止了，但是在拥有世界第二大穆斯林群体的印度，三塔里克法仍然具有法律效力。

There are no official numbers on how manyIndian women have been divorced by triple talaq. But asurvey of Muslim women (pdf) published in 2015 by Bharatiya MuslimMahila Andolan, a women’s rights group, found more than three-quarters ofinterviewees had been divorced in this way. Many don’t receive support fromtheir husbands afterwards.

到现在还没有官方数字表明有多少印度妇女被三塔里克法勒令离婚。但是根据印度的一个妇女权益组织——印度穆斯林妇女运动在2015年发表的一项关于穆斯林妇女的调查显示，超过四分之三的被采访者因为三塔里克法而被迫离婚。很多人在离婚后并没有收到丈夫的赡养费。

Activists say the practice is inhumane andare demanding its abolition. On Thursday 11 May, a debate on triple talaq willbegin at India’s supreme court to determine its constitutional validity. Fromaggrieved women to Muslim religious organisations that say they will nottolerate any interference with sharia law, the court will seek a variety ofperspectives.

活动家们谴责这条法律毫无人性，并号召将其废除。在5月11日星期四，在印度最高法院将举行一场辩论以决定该法律是否有效。从饱受折磨的妇女们到坚决不允许违背沙利亚法的穆斯林宗教组织，最高法院听取了多种不同的声音。

Begum now lives with her children at herparents’ home in Narhada village outside Meerut. She took her stand after fiveyears in an abusive marriage.

柏古姆现在带着孩子们住在娘家，这个叫那拉达的小村子位于密拉特的郊区。在被这场婚姻折磨了五年之后，她勇敢地站了出来。

While at the police station divorcing herhusband, she also filed a complaint against him for the beatings she endured,usually over demands for more dowry. She urged that he pay income support tohelp raise the children.

在警察局提出离婚的同时，柏古姆还控告她丈夫对她进行殴打，通常是由于索要更多的嫁妆无果。她催促他向她们母子支付抚养费。

With Begum’s sister Farheen having suffereda similar fate, the siblings’ elderly parents now have their daughters andgrandchildren living with them, stretching meagre resources.

由于柏古姆的姐姐法丽恩也遭受了类似的境遇，这对姐妹年迈的父母现在收留了自己的女儿们和外孙们，本就贫穷的日子更加艰难。

“Muslim women won’t take it any more,’’Begum says. “It has to stop. I am now penniless. My father runs a tiny shop inthe village and he has to support us all now. How can the law allow this?”

“穆斯林妇女不能再忍受下去了，”柏古姆说。“必须停止这一切。我现在身无分文了。我爸爸现在靠在村子里经营一家小店养活我们一大家子人。法律怎么能允许这种事情发生？”

Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan haslaunched a campaign to end triple talaq. Noor Jehan, the organisation’sco-convenor, says she supports Begum’s action as a show of defiance and hopesit will illustrate the fury of Muslim women over triple talaq.

印度穆斯林妇女运动对三塔里克法发起了斗争。努尔·杰翰，这个组织的共同发起人之一，表示她支持柏古姆的行动，她认为这表现出了穆斯林妇女对这条法律的蔑视，并表达了她们的怒火。

“It’s inevitable this would happen. Howmuch can a woman take? All over India women are coming out to tell theirstories and say it’s enough,” she says.

“这是不可避免的。女人们还能忍受多少苦难？在全印度，妇女们都要站出来讲述她们的遭遇，并且告诉世人：我们受够了。”她说。

Triple talaq has become highly politicised.The ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata party supports a ban. However,the party’s critics allege it is stirring up sympathy for Muslim women todenigrate the community.

三塔拉克法现在已经是一个高度政治化的问题。印度的执政党——印度人民党支持禁止该法。然而，批评者们认为该党激起了社会对一些给群体抹黑的穆斯林妇女的同情。

Indian liberals, who are anxious not toappear to be targeting the Muslim community, have been ambivalent. Thisbewilders Jehan. “What did the Congress party and secular or leftwing partiesever do for Muslim women? They never supported our rights. We started this onour own,” she says.

印度的自由派由于担心旗帜鲜明地针对穆斯林群体而态度含糊。这让杰翰感到迷惑。“国大党和世俗势力或左翼党派为穆斯林妇女做过什么？他们从未支持过我们的权利。我们自己的事情自己做，”她说。

Since making the triple talaq and reportingher husband, Begum says she has received support from local people. “Myneighbours have said I did the right thing, that a woman can’t be discarded ina split second. So far, they are behind me.

自从她对丈夫说了三声塔拉克并控告他后，柏古姆说她获得了当地人的支持。“我的邻居说我做了正确的事，不应该不费吹灰之力就把一个女人遗弃掉。到目前为止，他们都支持我。”

“I don’t care what the clerics or Muslimmen say. I want the supreme court to free Muslim women for ever from the fearof triple talaq.”

“我不管阿訇们或者穆斯林男人们会说什么。我希望最高法庭把穆斯林妇女从对三塔拉克的恐惧中永远地解救出来。”