谁统治世界？美国不再是明显的答案 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：jiangfengcyh-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

Challenged from all sides, the US is losing its tight grip on international power,Noam Chomsky writes, as world public opinion becomes a ‘second superpower’

诺姆·乔姆斯基（麻省理工学院的语言学和哲学教授）认为随着世界公共舆论成为“第二个超级强权”，遭到各方挑战的美国正在失去其国际权力。



When we ask “who rules the world?” we commonly adopt the standard convention that the actors in world affairs are states, primarily the great powers, and we consider their decisions and the relations among them. That is not wrong. But we would do well to keep in mind that this level of abstraction can also be highly misleading.

当我们问“谁统治世界”时，我们一般会认为国家是世界事务的主要参与者，主要是大国，并且我们顾及这些大国所采取的决策以及大国间的关系。这并没有错。但是我们也要记住这种水平的抽象概念也是可以非常具有误导性的。

States, of course, have complex internal structures, and the choices and decisions of the political leadership are heavily influenced by internal concentrations of power, while the general population is often marginalized. That is true even for the more democratic societies, and obviously for others. We cannot gain a realistic understanding of who rules the world while ignoring the “masters of mankind”, as Adam Smith called them: in his day, the merchants and manufacturers of England; in ours, multinational conglomerates, huge financial institutions, retail empires and the like.

当然，国家内部结构复杂，政治领导层选择和决策受国内权力集团影响很大，而普通人常常被边缘化。甚至在高度民主的社会中这也是真理，其它更不用说了。亚当·史密斯把英国的商人、制造商成为“人类的主人”，换在我们今天就是跨国集团、金融巨鳄、零售帝国等等，如果我们忽视他们的存在，我们就无法真切体会到谁统治世界。

 -------------译者：jiangfengcyh-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------



Still following Smith, it is also wise to attend to the “vile maxim” to which the “masters of mankind” are dedicated: “All for ourselves and nothing for other people” – a doctrine known otherwise as bitter and incessant class war, often one-sided, much to the detriment of the people of the home country and the world.

史密斯紧接着还说，“人类的主人”明智地践行了一条“肮脏的格言”——”一切为了自己，不管他人死活”，这条原则就是艰苦而持续的（通常是不公平的）阶级斗争，给本国人民和世界人民造成严重伤害。

In the contemporary global order, the institutions of the masters hold enormous power, not only in the international arena but also within their home states, on which they rely to protect their power and to provide economic support by a wide variety of means.

在当今全球秩序中，无论是国际舞台上还是国内， “人类的主人”体系都掌控了巨大的权力，他们凭此来巩固自身的势力，并通过广泛多样的手段提供经济上的支撑。










-------------译者：maggicqueen99-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

finnrkn
I'd argue that the fact that Bernie Sanders was allowed to stand for election whereas Kasparov has been arrested, beaten up and obstructed at every move (!) demonstrates a clear difference between the US and Russia. 

我想要说的事实是，伯尼桑德斯被允许参选，而卡斯帕罗夫已被逮捕、殴打，一举一动（！）都被阻挠，这表明了美国和俄罗斯之间的显着区别。

Kaitain
The world already pays de facto taxes to the USA via the mechanism of the USD being used as the world's reserve currency. 

全世界已经通过把美元作为全球储蓄货币的机制，向美国支付了事实上的税收。

ageofnausea
His analysis of Chinese expansion in this piece seems rather rose-tinted. 

他在本文中对中国扩张的分析看起来有点过于乐观。

MontysLeap
People tend to be aggressive when their ill-informed views are challenged by real intellect. 

人们一知半解的观点受到了真正智慧的挑战时，往往倾向于有攻击性。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

TITAN_
Banks and Corporations rule the world 

银行和公司统治世界

laguerre
You're evidently not very impartial. 

你这么说显然不客观

Jeffery Cash Weigand
Noam...did I see you at david cross in burlington vt? 

诺姆……我看见你大卫·克罗斯

MontysLeap
Loving all the below the line geo-political 'experts' throwing shade at Chomsky like they've got any clue what they're talking about. Major lol. 

喜欢所有这些线下的地缘政治“专家”，他们让乔姆斯基相形见绌，好像他们知道自己在谈论什么似的。

MasonInNY
That's Guardianista rhetoric since at least the 1980s. Statistics like life expectancy and human development index that it's still far better top live in the US --eve a minority --than in Russia or China. The latter are under-developed third-world nations in comparison to the US. The avg. life expectancy for Russian males is that of sub-Saharan Africa. 

这套说辞1980s就有了，像人均寿命和人类发展指数这样的数据美国的表现——即使是少数族裔——都比中俄好多了。相比美国而言，后者仍然是第三世界。俄罗斯人平均预期寿命相当于撒哈拉以南的非洲。

 -------------译者：jiangfengcyh-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

brianBT
Guardian thanks for rubbing this story.. Noam Chomsky's Documentary - A requiem for the Americana Dream and 
Robert Reich's - Inequality for All Are a must see set of documentaries that every voter must watch.. these shows will firmly plant the notion that the western world needs a complete change in its political leadership structure, scope of authority and the ouster of all "paid" influence from the halls of government.. we must ensure and allow government to govern for the benefit of all and not just the few.. we need a constitutional amendment add to ensure influence and all forms of "bribery" " is excluded from all goveremtn decision making.. and each laws or rule must demonstrate a good for all not merely through word but in the data and the measurable well being of the people in general.... 

卫报，感谢这个揭露现实的报道，诺姆·乔姆斯基的《美国梦的安魂曲》，罗伯特·莱克的《所有的不平等》是一套必看的记录片，每个投票者都应该看看。这些片子会让人们坚定西方世界政治体制必须彻底改革的信念，权力要有所限制并消除所有通过“付钱”影响政府决策的行为。我们必须使政府为所有人执政，而不是少数人。我们必须增修宪法条款，保证所有影响、各种形式的“贿赂”不能左右政府的决策。每一部法律法规都必须有利于大众，不是口头上说好，而应该用数据和人民的福祉来证明。

 -------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

mikedow
Either he used the word repeatedly in the outset of this article, or he paid to have it ghostwritten. 

在文章开头他就一直重复使用这个词，或者说他花钱雇了枪手。

TheKernel
Empires tend to collapse from the centre. Neo-liberal America will be no exception. 

帝国都是从中央崩溃。新自由主义的美国也不例外。

FNevis
But you would probably support Kasparov in his criticism of Russia, right? 

但是你可能支持卡斯帕罗夫批评俄罗斯，是吗？

 -------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

John Favre
NATO should have ceased to exist. It's only self-appointed function is to unilaterally threaten Russia and start a war. NATO was formed in 1949 and has yet to start a war against Russia. KremlinBots hate NATO because the organization defends itself against countries run by dictators. 

北大西洋公约早该解散。其唯一的自封功能就是单方面的威胁俄罗斯并发起战争。北约成立于1949年，还没发起一场针对俄罗斯的战争。俄罗斯讨厌北约，是因为该组织保卫自己免遭独裁国家的骚扰。

Quetzalcoatl14
Um, that media is factually owned by a bunch of corporations, which are in turned controlled by an oligarchy. 

嗯，那家媒体实际上被一群企业掌控着，而这些企业又被一个寡头掌控着。

perry_larsen
Seriously. What do they think it's going to be like? Sunshine, roses, and prison camps? 

严肃的说。他们认为这将会像什么？阳光，玫瑰，和集中营？

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

ID0667935
The world, particularly the west, is now largely ruled by the Pc, goody-two-shoes, health and safety brigade. Freedom of thought and expression has been curtailed unless it fits in neatly with what they believe. It is interesting to read the "news" on mainstream media websites around the world. Most of the stories are exactly the same as are many of the "opinion" pieces. Unlike Huxley's Brave New World, instead of drugs, the masses are being forced more and more to think and act alike. Anyone who dares to hold opposing views is immediatley labelled from the brigade's selection of names that are designed to portray that individual as being either a "criminal" or somehow "sick". Even questioning the brigade's views and beliefs sees an immediate media attack, expressing outrage and villification of the person concerned. The wolves on social media are ever ready to spew their bile and demand instant retribution - one senses an almost ISIS mentality that would have any dissenting person beheaded or thrown off a building! Free and open debate on any subject is now effectively terminated as we move to the total solution of a homogenous, bland society -where the gospel of "equality" for all is preached, without the slightest hope of it ever being realised. Certainly the world is not a better place for it. The vicious hatred of all free thinkers, those who "don't fit in" - the job creators, the business people, the family man and women, churchgoers, policemen on the beat, those with a work ethic, people with manners and a respect for the elderley - is undermining the very fabric of civilised society. It is quite unlikely that there will be any recovery from this self destruction. 

世界，尤其是西方，现在正被政治正确、自命清高者、健康和安全组织统治。思想和言论自由已经被剥夺了，除非与他们保持一致。读世界上的主流媒体网站“新闻”十分有趣。大部分故事简直就是许多“观点”的碎片。不像赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，不用毒品，让民众思想和行为越来越同一化。任何人敢持相反的观点将会被直接打上这些团体选定的标签，将其描述为“罪犯”或者“病人”。甚至质疑这个团体的观点和信仰被视为一种直接的舆论攻击，发泄愤怒和中伤他人。这头的狼甚至在社交媒体上发泄怒气，惩罚—感觉就像是精神上的ISIS，把持不同意见的人斩首或者扔出楼外！自由开放的争论任何一件事物，现在被我们这种同一的、没有特性的社会终结了—“平等”的信条对于所有人都变成了说教，一点希望都没有。这个世界是因此不能变得更好。对思想自由的、不合群的人——工作创造者，从商者，家庭主男或主妇，做礼拜的人、疲惫的警察、具有工作道德的人，有礼貌的人、尊重老人的人——的仇恨正在侵蚀文明社会的基础。没有任何从这种自我毁灭中恢复的可能。

-------------译者：yanzi1990-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

js1919
Is it so hard not to dismiss Chomsky as a person and look at individual claims instead, providing reasons for disagreement?

不去把Chomsky当作一个可以反驳的人看待，只看他的单个言论来提出你的分歧的原因真的有这么困难吗？

BringbackAuntyHelen
Send Chomsky an email, he will reply with his thoughts. 

给Chomsky发送一封邮件，他会回复一封有他想法的回信。

FNevis
Don't pretend you didn't understand that he didn't mean ruling literally. I can't picture a grown-up having troubles understanding what Chomsky means by US ruling the world. 

不要装作你不懂他说的不意味统治世界的言论。简直无法想象，一个成年人竟然在Chomsky的美国统治世界言论内容上理解无能。

-------------译者：yanzi1990-审核者：罗罗纳多索隆------------

EgonRonay
Uh... Americans claim to rule the world an awful lot. I'm not sure how you can have missed it. Not just individual Americans, it's right there in the language of government; leader of the free world, exceptionalism, etc etc Besides, it's not just the explicit statement, it's the behaviour too; acting unilaterally, ignoring international law, being the global reserve currency, exerting an unparalleled military presence around the world. 

呃。。。美国关于统治世界的言论绝不在少数。难以理解你竟然没听过此等言论。不仅是美国个人，而且体现在美国官方语言中；自由世界的领导者，美国例外论，等等诸如此类。而且此外，除了露骨言论外，还体现在行为中；主要表现在单方面无视国际法，作为国际货币存储；在世界范围内实施空前的军事部署。

js1919
Judging by some of these comments one would think that it's impossible not to judge a nation as a whole instead of looking at their aspects and actions one by one. 

通过这些评论可以看出，一个人很难不去从一个整体去评判一个国家，很少有人去根据他的各个方面客观去评判。

SUNLITE
To say that you rule the world has long passed and there is no need to ,..if you in essence do and everyone knows it..To deny an American Empire ,is to deny the Sun. 

试图说你统治世界的历史已经过去的人根本没有必要，。。如果你真的做了，那么大家都看在眼里。否认美帝就是否认太阳的存在。