2000年前的卫生棒表明疾病如何在丝路传播 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



Archaeologists have found evidence that diseases were spread over thousands of miles along the Silk Trade route by travellers who passed from east to west. They found parasitic worm eggs in preserved faeces on 'personal hygiene sticks' (pictured) discovered in a latrine at an ancient waystation along the route

考古学家已发现的证据表明，疾病由旅行者从东到西，沿丝绸之路传播了数千英里。他们在沿途一个古老驿站的厕所里，从“个人卫生棒”上遗留的粪便上发现了寄生虫虫卵（如图）。

It was the famed trade route that saw spices luxuriant cloths and ultimately wealth flow between the eastern and western worlds.

这是一条着名的贸易路线，交易各种香料和奢华的纺织品，最终促成财富在东西方之间流动。

But a new study of a 2000-year-old toilet discovered near a desert in north west China has revealed the Silk Road was also responsible for the exchange of something else too – infectious diseases.

但一项对在中国西北部一个沙漠附近发现的一个有着2000年历史的厕所最新研究表明，丝绸之路也负责交流其他一些东西----传染病。

While sifting through the contents of a person's bowel movements might be something doctors do to help diagnose their patients it appears it can also give us a glimpse far back into the past.

医生可能会检查一个人消化道运动的内容物来诊断病人，看来这种手段也可以帮我们粗略地了解一下过去。

Archaeologists examined the preserved faeces on ancient 'personal hygiene sticks' which were used to wipe the backsides of people between 111BC and 109AD.

考古学家检查了古老的"个人卫生棒”上残留的粪便，这种卫生棒是在公元前111年到公元109年之间人们用来擦屁股的工具。

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



They found eggs from four species of parasitic worm were present in the ancient droppings left on the hygiene wands.

他们从卫生棒残留的古代粪便里发现了四种寄生虫的虫卵。

And it appears at least one of these parasites may have spread along the Silk Road from a location at least 1000 miles away.

而且貌似至少有一种寄生虫可能从至少1000英里以外的地方沿着丝绸之路传播。

The study suggests that while global travel has made it easier for infectious diseases to spread around the world the problem has been around for thousands of years.

这项研究表明，全球旅行使传染病更容易传播到世界各地，这一问题已经困扰了人类几千年。

Dr Piers Mitchell an anthropologist at the University of Cambridge who led the study said: 'Until now there has been no proof that the Silk Road was responsible for the spread of infectious diseases.

剑桥大学人类学家，负责该项研究的皮尔斯.米契尔博士说：“到现在为止还没有证据证明，丝绸之路是传染病传播的根源。"

'They could instead have spread between China and Europe via India to the south or via Mongolia and Russia to the north.'

“相反，这些传染病也可以经过南部的印度或者经过北部的蒙古和俄罗斯而在中国和欧洲之间传播。”

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



The ancient latrine was found at the ancient ruins of Xuanquanzhi in the Tamrin Basin in north west China close to the vast sandy expanse of the Taklamakan desert.

在中国西北部，靠近广阔无垠沙地的塔克拉玛干沙漠塔里木盆地的悬泉置遗址，发现了古代的厕所。

Xuanquanzhi is thought to have been a relay station on the Silk Road which came to prominence during the Han Dynasty in China which ruled between 202BC-220AD.

悬泉置被认为是丝绸之路上的一个中继站，在公元前202-公元220年中国汉朝统治期间开始声名鹊起。

The site was a popular stop with travellers who changed their horses and delivered letters.

该地是很受旅行者欢迎的一个落脚点，用于换马和传递信件。

Merchants explorers soldiers and government officials travelled along the route towards the Middle East and the Mediterranean taking goods that were in high demand in the west.

商人、探险家、士兵和政府官员，携带了西方有大量需求的货物，沿着通往中东和地中海的路线旅行。







The personal hygiene sticks were wrapped in cloth (pictured) and used to clean faeces from the backside after using the latrine. The researchers studied the preserved faeces on the sticks to look for parasite eggs

个人卫生棒裹在布里（上图），用于如厕后清洁屁股上的粪便。研究人员研究了保存在棍子上的粪便来寻找寄生虫卵


-------------译者：q984q994-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Nom de Plume Beyond the Pale United Kingdom 11 minutes ago
And once again poor hygiene is bringing about resurgence of that old beast T.B. Some people just can't learn can they?

不良卫生再次引发了肺结核。有些人就是不会吸取教训，不是吗？

ScribblesQwerty England United Kingdom 29 minutes ago
I keep a jet wash in my bathroom and use it until I feel my tonsils tickle.

我在浴室里使用的是喷头，直到我感到扁桃体发痒。

-------------译者：乌龙院的小师弟-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

inout DOTHEOKIKOKI tower hamlets United Kingdom 1 hour ago
depending on what u ate [different spices ect] caused the stick to have a different aroma hence the birth of the INCENSE STICK ' the first example of RECYCLING ''bloddy clever those chinese''

根据你吃的不同（例如不同的香料）来生产出有不同“芳香”的柱香，第一个“回收利用”的例子，这些中国人真tmd聪明

Max Lingham London United Kingdom 1 hour ago
Did they use these things in the "Harry Potter" films?

他们也在他们的哈利波特电影中用这些东西吗？

Halvah Breslow United States 1 hour ago
Thank the New World for the introduction of the corncob. The next great advance lay on the pages of mail-order catalogues.

感谢新世界对玉米芯的介绍。对于这项产品的网上订单将会再一次极大增长。

Corpus Crispy Bournemouth United Kingdom 2 hours ago
1930's American mass murderer Albert Fish used to wrap alcohol-soaked cotton on these sticks insert them in his own botty and ignite them. He commented to the police: "If only pain weren't so painful."

19世纪三十年代美国着名变态杀人狂亚伯特费雪经常把裹缠着沾过酒精的棉花插进自己PY然后点燃，他对后来警察说：“只有疼痛的时候才不那么痛苦。”

 -------------译者：乌龙院的小师弟-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

David Pwllheli United Kingdom 2 hours ago
Surely these archaeologists have got the wrong end of the stick?

很明显这些考古人员抓到了带屎的那端

tdurbo Derbyshire United Kingdom 2 hours ago
Pooh sticks. How cute!! :))

维尼的棍子，可爱

Lady_Godiva Truro United Kingdom 21 minutes ago
Hahaha.

哈哈哈

Destructivedave Cambridge United Kingdom 2 hours ago
Wonder how many died from splinters the ass.

想知道有多少人死于屁股上的木刺

Charles London United Kingdom 1 hour ago
Blast..you beat me to it :-(

爆炸了。。。

good guy Fernandina Beach United States 2 hours ago
i guess you could say those scientists really know their sh--

我认为你可以说这些科学家们真的很了解这些人的shi

Judderman9t9 Northampton United Kingdom 2 hours ago
Question. How do touch use a stick? Do you ram it in and out scrape and flick. Leaves would of been better.

问：怎么用棍子来擦屁股？你把它捅进去再拉出来？叶子应该是个更好的选择。。。

-------------译者：整天喵喵喵-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

RebeccaOfSunnyBrook- Farm. Parish of Westminster. United Kingdom 2 hours ago
Constipation: So someone traveled a thousand miles before managing a crap?

 便秘：所以一个人在拉屎前要先跋涉1000英里？

Capt Dan jupiter FL United States 3 hours ago
The ISIS idiots hold up their one finger personal hygiene in every photo.

 ISIS的白痴们在每张照片中都展现了他们用一根手指做个人卫生的传统。

Ruby Duck Ipswich 3 hours ago
Not exactly sure why this is surprising. Travel == transmission of disease. Interesting data though.

 我并不是很确定为什么这个很令人惊奇。旅行==疾病传播。不过这个数据很有趣。

King Henry VI Tower of London United Kingdom 3 hours ago
Unfortunately trade is shut in Britain because of the isolationists

 很遗憾，因为孤立主义者，贸易在英国被停止了。

Bitterandtwisted Mancland United Kingdom 2 hours ago
You should try one of those sticks Henry that'll get you trade moving.

 你该尝试一下这种卫生棒，henry，这样你的生意就能运转起来了。

 -------------译者：整天喵喵喵-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Airgirl66 London United Kingdom 3 hours ago
Could these scientists start looking for cures/reasons why people in the modern day world are dying of various cancers diesese etc? Looking at 2000yr old poo on sticks doesn't really need explaining that much does it?

 这些科学家就不能去研究现代人们死于各种癌症的原因和癌症的治愈方法等等吗？观察黏在卫生棒上的2000岁的便便真的没什么意义，这没什么好解释的，对吧？

Core i5 6600k Tokyo Japan 3 hours ago
After going to the toilet you MUST say: "Praise be to All'ah who relieved me of the filth and gave me relief"

 你去过厕所后一定要说：“感谢真主阿拉让我摆脱了这些污秽，让我如释重负。”

Tripster57 Sheering United Kingdom 48 minutes ago
Or "better out than in"
 
 或许“在户外比在家里好”

Shenn Poocastle United Kingdom 44 minutes ago
Or 'I'd give it 10 minutes if I were you...'

 或者“如果我是你我就花10分钟”

inanutshell London United Kingdom 3 hours ago
I think some people in those regions still choose to use sticks and stones (really not kidding)

 我想一些这个区域的人仍用石头和棍子来解决（我不是开玩笑的）（译者：你必须是开玩笑的）

Nickname Leeds United Kingdom 3 hours ago
What's Brown and Sticky?... a poo stick.

 什么是棕色的黏糊糊的？...一个擦便便的卫生棒。（这里化用了一个冷笑话，原来的答案是brown（棕）且sticky（黏）的是stick（棒子），因为sticky很像stick的形容词，但便便也是棕黏的，所以用在这里很巧）

thegreatdictator Ipswich United Kingdom 3 hours ago
Or it could easily have come from food.

 或者它可能是从食物中变来的。