研究调查为什么日本课堂如此安静 [日本媒体]

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LONDON —English language teachers in Japan often complain about being met by a wall of silence when they ask students to talk in classes.

伦敦——日本的英语教师经常抱怨，当他们让学生在课堂发言时学生们总是一言不发。

But until now there has been little if any academic research into the reasons why Japanese pupils are particularly afflicted by a reluctance to speak in a second language.

但直到现在，很少有学术研究深入了解这个问题，也就是“为什么日本小学生总是不愿开口说第二语言”。

Jim King an expert in linguistics at Leicester University has been looking into this phenomenon and recently presented his findings in London to an audience of Japan experts and educationalists.

英国莱斯特大学的语言学专家吉姆·金持续关注这一现象，近期他在伦敦向一群日本专家和教育家呈现了他的研究发现。

 -------------译者：罗兰的朵夫-审核者：海陆空123123------------

King who has himself taught in Japan argues Japanese students are often unresponsive due to a multitude of factors which include psychology culture and teaching methods.

作为一名曾在日本的教师，金表示日本学生总在上课时毫无反应是由多种因素造成的，其中包括心理文化和教学方法的影响。

The academic who studied the behavior of 924 students at nine different universities discovered many had a “neurotic dread” their English was not up to scratch and felt that if they tried to use it they would “lose face” among friends.

这名学者研究了924名来自9所不同学校的学生及他们行为，他发现许多学生都有“神经性焦虑。”他们的英文没有达到很好水平，觉得如果尝试使用英语会在朋友们面前“丢脸。”

This hypersensitivity and constant feeling of being monitored inhibits their willingness to contribute concluded King from his hours of classroom observations and interviews.

从课堂观察和采访中，金得出结论：这种异常敏感和不断被监督的感觉是阻碍学生全身心投入课堂和发表见解的原因所在。

 -------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：暁赜孑语------------

He also found many teachers spoke too much and gave the students little opportunity to practice their English with one another. Considerable time was spent translating English text into Japanese.

他发许多老师讲得很多而很少给学生机会来和另一个人练习说英语。相当多的时间被用来把英语翻译成日语。

King believes Japanese students may be more at ease with silence in classes due to cultural practices which emphasize the importance of being indirect deferring to authority and not wanting to stand out from the crowd for example.

金相信日本学生在课堂上保持安静可能会更自在，因为他们的文化习惯强调间接服从权威以及不想从人群中脱颖而出。


-------------译者：罗兰的朵夫-审核者：海陆空123123------------

WA4TKGDEC. 30 2016 - 07:34AM JST
Ridiculous idea of " Lose Face "...too bad it's TRUE. I find whenever ANYone tries and makes a REAL EFFORT to speak in the other guy's language (MY Language; English) I will bend over backwards to understand what it is they are trying to convey. I experienced the same when I went to South America a couple of years ago and was concerned my Spanish was no good...the woman I was speaking to at the Hotel Desk ATE UP the idea I was making a real effort to speak to her in Spanish and she reciprocated by speaking English...her's was just fine and apparently my Spanish was as well. TRY TRY again and you will succeed English Students.

他们觉得将外语“丢脸”简直可笑...这居然是真的，太糟糕了。其实我发现无论什么时候，当任何人很努力的尝试说一门别人的语言（我的母语是英语），我都会尽全力去理解他们想要表达的意思。几年前，我去南美洲时有过同样的经历，呵呵，我的西班牙语不是很好...我与酒店前台的那个女子聊天，我努力的和她说西班牙文，她很欣赏我这一点，她用英文回复我...她的英文还过得去，显然我的西班牙语也是如此。多尝试！多尝试！你们会成功的。

-------------译者：罗兰的朵夫-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

MoonrakerDEC. 30 2016 - 07:52AM JST
Fear (such as of being thought badly of by others) passive-aggressiveness avoidance nothing to say and enormous appetite for boredom all contribute to life in the classroom and life in Japan in general.

恐惧（比如被人认为人品差），被动攻击型人格，避免讲话，以及甘于无聊的种种因素都导致了日本课堂和日本整体的面貌和生活风气。

Ah_soDEC. 30 2016 - 08:02AM JST
I haven't read anything here that wasn't commonly accepted 20 years ago by anyone who had been anywhere near English teaching in Japan. However I hope Mr King had a nice funded trip to Japan to put exactly what he knew already into an academic paper.

早在20年前，在日本教英语的人也都普遍接受这样的观点，至少我还没看过不接受的。然而，我希望金先生能获得资助以来一次日本之旅，把他已知道的写进他的学术论文里。

-------------译者：道角-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

YubaruDEC. 30 2016 - 08:06AM JST
The one's who succeed somehow find a way to overcome their shyness and fear of being wrong. But what always unnerves me to no end is the people who THINK that they speak English well yet still have a "gaijin complex" and never get it that their English is no way near up to par.
There are so many problems with how English is taught here that there is no one quick way to correct it yet studies like this and hopefully others will come along as well from Japanese researchers too will find a way to correct it system wide.
My suggestion start from the top get rid of the butt heads at MEXT who have absolutely no idea what the heck they are doing!

有些人不知何故成功地找到了克服羞涩和害怕犯错的方法。但总是把让我吓得不轻：那些“自以为”英语说得好的人，他们仍带有”外国人情结”，并且从没意识到他们的英语无法接近达标。
这里英语教学方面的问题太多了，尚无一个快速纠正的方法。像这个研究和其它有望参与的研究，会同日本研究人员一道找出从系统广度上纠正它的方法。
我建议从顶层做起，把文部科学省的呆瓜们清理掉，他们完全不知道自己在搞什么鬼名堂！

-------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：海陆空123123------------

SchopenhauerDEC. 30 2016 - 08:06AM JST
In Japan modesty is virtue and to speak is vanity. We hate people who speak aggressively. In China and Korea situations are different.

在日本谦虚是美德，多说是虚荣。我们讨厌那些积极说话的人。而在中国和韩国情况是不同的。

Dirk TDEC. 30 2016 - 08:12AM JST
Any gaijin who has ever taught English even casually in Japan has come to the same conclusions as "academic" Jim King.

任何曾经在日本教过英语的外国人甚至随意一个在日外国人都能得到这个金吉木的学术性的结论。

Laptop_WarriorDEC. 30 2016 - 08:18AM JST
These days the "students" are usually too busy chatting on LINE or zapping Pokemon on their smartphones to waste their valuable time learning a language.

现在学生们都太忙于线上聊天或者在手机上玩口袋妖怪了，哪有人浪费宝贵的时间去学一门语言呢。

-------------译者：bla123-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

kyushubillDEC. 30 2016 - 08:23AM JST
This is one of the laziest "academics" there could possibly be. Complete overlooking of the obvious.

这可能是最懒的“学者”之一了。那就是它完全忽视了显而易见的事物。

Japanese students see no need to put serious time into English Language study - period.

日本学生觉得不需要在英文学习时间里下苦功夫

90% will never need to use English as they will never be in a situation to have to use the language. They will be caught in the loop of work home work home work home and have no need to use any language besides Japanese.

90%的学生认为他们永远不会在某些特定场合用到英语所以没有必要去使用英语。他们将会陷入工作回家工作回家的死循环中，所以除了日语他们没有必要使用其他那些语言。

Of the 10% that are left half will never use English even when travelling abroad as they will have the security of being in a group tour where all language needs are in - wait for it - JAPANESE.

剩下10%中有一半学生认为即使出国旅游也不会使用英语因为会有那种旅游团做担保，是需要使用日语就行了。

The remaining 5% will study seriously as they for what ever personal reason will see English as a ticket out of Japan.

剩下的5%会认真学习英语因为他们（出于各种个人原因）认为英语将是他们走向其他世界的入场券。

Missing in all of this "academics" is the huge elephant in the room - the Education Ministry is chuck full of bureaucrats who couldn't construct a sentence in English to save their lives yet design the English programs used in all Japanese schools. The "English" education really is no more than glorified Katakana practice.

这些学术报告所忽视的一个明显的事实是：教育部的那些官僚们自己都说不出一句英语，而这些官员却还是为整个日本学校设计英语课程。所谓“英语”教育只不过是美化过的片假名练习罢了。

Get students to see the need for study of ANY second language and set up the curriculum with actual language use and MAYBE there would be improvement. This "study" is nothing but a regurgitation of the "Japanese are too unique to learn English" bs.

让学生明白学习任何二外的作用并建立课程让学生可以在实际中使用到第二外语，这样的话情况可能会改善。这份研究不过是在重复“日本人太独特不能学好英语”的垃圾言论罢了。

-------------译者：bla123-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

John-SanDEC. 30 2016 - 08:33AM JST
Konni It a mind set element. Japanese is yes or no. Where English has Maybe could be shouldnt be and the Aussie vernacular She be right. These saying portrait the societies which people live in. So It confusing for a person those brain is train for yes no positive negative responce to start adjusting from it yes no.

他们心里已经被定下了标准，在日语里只有对错之分。英语里有或许，可能，不应该等用法，澳洲方言里有“她是对的”说法。所以不同的语言用法描述了不同的社会模式。所以对于那些大脑已经被训练为非黑即白的人们来说，开始被教导要调整当初的学习方法有些让人困惑。

sensei258DEC. 30 2016 - 08:39AM JST
Sitting quiet was the sensible option” he said.

“安静坐着是个合理的选项”，他说。

Hey English Academic you should have said "sitting quietly"

就专业英语而言，你应该说“安静地坐着”。

 -------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

turbotsatDEC. 30 2016 - 08:46AM JST
No mention of 'participation grade'?

没有提到”参与成绩“吗？

In high school and college I remember a percent of your final grade in a class was a participation grade. If yours was low the teacher would talk to you alone to try to get you to participate in class more.

在高中和大学里我记得有一个参与成绩在你的最终成绩中占一定的百分比。如果你的参与成绩太低，老师会单独与你交谈，以试着让你更多地参与到课堂中来。

There's also the teacher calling for answers in class. At least one class I remember this was an assigned task in rotation so you knew the exact days the teacher would be calling on your particularly.

还有老师在课堂上叫人回答问题的。至少有一节课我记得这是一个指定的循环任务，所以你知道老师会让你起来回答问题的确切日子。

The only college class I remember the participation grade used in was an ethics class in the philosophy dept. with group discussion.

我记得大学里参与成绩被用到的唯一的一节课是一节有小组讨论的哲学系的伦理课。

-------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：暁赜孑语------------

HaileGDEC. 30 2016 - 08:50AM JST
I think the whole Japanese won't speak in class idea is a myth. I have taught here for 30 years and I have never had a class that wouldn't speak. It is all a matter of providing structured activities that give them a reason to speak.

我想所有日本人在课堂上不说话的想法是个神话。我在这里教了30年，从没发现一个不说话的班级。重要的是提供结构化的活动给他们一个说的理由。

sourpussDEC. 30 2016 - 08:58AM JST
I agree with the above posters who say that what this study found is already common knowledge. The "research" just provides academic background for the promotion of this book.

我同意前面的帖子说的这个研究发现已经使一个常识。这项研究只是为这本书的推广提供了一个学术背景

Teaching is more "art" than "science."

教育与其说它是科学不如说它是艺术。

-------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

sensei258DEC. 30 2016 - 09:01AM JST
I've only taught here for 10 years but here are a few "truths" I've learned...

我已经在这里教了10年英语了，但有一些我学到的”真相“：

If the students aren't talking you're doing something wrong

如果学生们不开口说话，那么是你做错了

If you are not having fun in the classroom you are doing something wrong

如果你在课堂没有乐趣，那么你也做错了

If your lesson plan which looked good on paper isn't working then realize it and adapt in class. Don't force your way through it.

如果你的教学计划在纸上看起来很好但是却不起作用，你要在课堂上实践并改进它，不要强行执行你的计划。

I realize that there are many situations where teachers have no choice and must do what their Japanese counterparts want even if it doesn't work or isn't fun

我意识到在许多情况下，老师没有选择，必须做他们的日本同行想要的，即使它不起作用或不好玩。

-------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

since1981DEC. 30 2016 - 09:17AM JST
Seems everyone knows and has known the problem with primary and secondary schools however here I am 35 years on and still making a bundle teaching English to BEGINNER students. I've got about 5 to 10 more years before retirement. I guess my small private school will continue to last that long ..... and then some.

看起来每个人都明白而且已经知道中小学学英语的问题所在，然而我教初学者英语已经35年了，仍然可以赚很多钱。我还有5-10年退休，我猜我的小私立学校将会一直开到那时候....甚至更长时间。